/*
 * reserved comment block
 * DO NOT REMOVE OR ALTER!
 */
/*
 * Copyright 2005 The Apache Software Foundation.
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

package com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.jaxp.datatype;

import java.math.BigInteger;
import java.math.BigDecimal;
import java.util.GregorianCalendar;

import javax.xml.datatype.DatatypeConstants;
import javax.xml.datatype.DatatypeFactory;
import javax.xml.datatype.Duration;
import javax.xml.datatype.XMLGregorianCalendar;

/**
 * <p>Factory that creates new <code>javax.xml.datatype</code> <code>Object</code>s that map XML to/from Java <code>Object</code>s.</p>
 * 
 * <p id="DatatypeFactory.newInstance">{@link #newInstance()} is used to create a new <code>DatatypeFactory</code>.
 * The following implementation resolution mechanisms are used in the following order:</p>
 * <ol>
 *    <li>
 *      If the system property specified by {@link #DATATYPEFACTORY_PROPERTY}, "<code>javax.xml.datatype.DatatypeFactory</code>",
 *      exists, a class with the name of the property's value is instantiated.
 *      Any Exception thrown during the instantiation process is wrapped as a {@link DatatypeConfigurationException}.
 *    </li>
 *    <li>
 *      If the file ${JAVA_HOME}/lib/jaxp.properties exists, it is loaded in a {@link java.util.Properties} <code>Object</code>.
 *      The <code>Properties</code> <code>Object </code> is then queried for the property as documented in the prior step
 *      and processed as documented in the prior step.
 *    </li>
 *    <li>
 *      The services resolution mechanism is used, e.g. <code>META-INF/services/java.xml.datatype.DatatypeFactory</code>.
 *      Any Exception thrown during the instantiation process is wrapped as a {@link DatatypeConfigurationException}.
 *    </li>
 *    <li>
 *      The final mechanism is to attempt to instantiate the <code>Class</code> specified by
 *      {@link #DATATYPEFACTORY_IMPLEMENTATION_CLASS}, "<code>javax.xml.datatype.DatatypeFactoryImpl</code>".
 *      Any Exception thrown during the instantiation process is wrapped as a {@link DatatypeConfigurationException}.
 *    </li>
 * </ol> 
 * 
 * @author <a href="mailto:Joseph.Fialli@Sun.COM">Joseph Fialli</a>
 * @author <a href="mailto:Jeff.Suttor@Sun.com">Jeff Suttor</a>
 * @version $Id: DatatypeFactoryImpl.java,v 1.6 2010/05/19 05:02:55 joehw Exp $
 */
public class DatatypeFactoryImpl
	extends DatatypeFactory {
			
	/**
	 * <p>Public constructor is empty..</p>
	 * 
	 * <p>Use {@link DatatypeFactory#newInstance()} to create a <code>DatatypeFactory</code>.</p>
	 */
	public DatatypeFactoryImpl() {
	}

	/**
	 * <p>Obtain a new instance of a <code>Duration</code>
	 * specifying the <code>Duration</code> as its string representation, "PnYnMnDTnHnMnS",
	 * as defined in XML Schema 1.0 section 3.2.6.1.</p>
	 * 
	 * <p>XML Schema Part 2: Datatypes, 3.2.6 duration, defines <code>duration</code> as:</p>
	 * <blockquote>
	 * duration represents a duration of time.
	 * The value space of duration is a six-dimensional space where the coordinates designate the
	 * Gregorian year, month, day, hour, minute, and second components defined in Section 5.5.3.2 of [ISO 8601], respectively.
	 * These components are ordered in their significance by their order of appearance i.e. as
	 * year, month, day, hour, minute, and second. 
	 * </blockquote>
     * <p>All six values are set and availabe from the created {@link Duration}</p>
	 * 
     * <p>The XML Schema specification states that values can be of an arbitrary size.
     * Implementations may chose not to or be incapable of supporting arbitrarily large and/or small values.
     * An {@link UnsupportedOperationException} will be thrown with a message indicating implementation limits
     * if implementation capacities are exceeded.</p>
     * 
	 * @param lexicalRepresentation <code>String</code> representation of a <code>Duration</code>.
	 * 
	 * @return New <code>Duration</code> created from parsing the <code>lexicalRepresentation</code>.
	 * 
	 * @throws IllegalArgumentException If <code>lexicalRepresentation</code> is not a valid representation of a <code>Duration</code>.
	 * @throws UnsupportedOperationException If implementation cannot support requested values.
	 * @throws NullPointerException if <code>lexicalRepresentation</code> is <code>null</code>.
	 */
	public Duration newDuration(final String lexicalRepresentation) {
		
		return new DurationImpl(lexicalRepresentation);
	}
	
	/**
	 * <p>Obtain a new instance of a <code>Duration</code>
	 * specifying the <code>Duration</code> as milliseconds.</p>
	 * 
	 * <p>XML Schema Part 2: Datatypes, 3.2.6 duration, defines <code>duration</code> as:</p>
	 * <blockquote>
	 * duration represents a duration of time.
	 * The value space of duration is a six-dimensional space where the coordinates designate the
	 * Gregorian year, month, day, hour, minute, and second components defined in Section 5.5.3.2 of [ISO 8601], respectively.
	 * These components are ordered in their significance by their order of appearance i.e. as
	 * year, month, day, hour, minute, and second. 
	 * </blockquote>
     * <p>All six values are set by computing their values from the specified milliseconds
     * and are availabe using the <code>get</code> methods of  the created {@link Duration}.
     * The values conform to and are defined by:</p>
     * <ul>
     *   <li>ISO 8601:2000(E) Section 5.5.3.2 Alternative format</li>
     *   <li><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#isoformats">
     *     W3C XML Schema 1.0 Part 2, Appendix D, ISO 8601 Date and Time Formats</a>
     *   </li>
     *   <li>{@link XMLGregorianCalendar}  Date/Time Datatype Field Mapping Between XML Schema 1.0 and Java Representation</li>
     * </ul>
	 * 
	 * <p>The default start instance is defined by {@link GregorianCalendar}'s use of the start of the epoch: i.e.,
	 * {@link java.util.Calendar#YEAR} = 1970,
	 * {@link java.util.Calendar#MONTH} = {@link java.util.Calendar#JANUARY},
	 * {@link java.util.Calendar#DATE} = 1, etc.
	 * This is important as there are variations in the Gregorian Calendar,
	 * e.g. leap years have different days in the month = {@link java.util.Calendar#FEBRUARY}
	 * so the result of {@link Duration#getMonths()} and {@link Duration#getDays()} can be influenced.</p> 
	 * 
	 * @param durationInMilliseconds Duration in milliseconds to create.
	 * 
	 * @return New <code>Duration</code> representing <code>durationInMilliseconds</code>.
	 */
	public Duration newDuration(final long durationInMilliseconds) {
		
		return new DurationImpl(durationInMilliseconds);
	}
	
	/**
	 * <p>Obtain a new instance of a <code>Duration</code>
	 * specifying the <code>Duration</code> as isPositive, years, months, days, hours, minutes, seconds.</p>
	 * 
     * <p>The XML Schema specification states that values can be of an arbitrary size.
     * Implementations may chose not to or be incapable of supporting arbitrarily large and/or small values.
     * An {@link UnsupportedOperationException} will be thrown with a message indicating implementation limits
     * if implementation capacities are exceeded.</p>
     * 
	 * @param isPositive Set to <code>false</code> to create a negative duration. When the length
	 *   of the duration is zero, this parameter will be ignored.
	 * @param years of this <code>Duration</code>
	 * @param months of this <code>Duration</code>
	 * @param days of this <code>Duration</code>
	 * @param hours of this <code>Duration</code>
	 * @param minutes of this <code>Duration</code>
	 * @param seconds of this <code>Duration</code>
	 * 
	 * @return New <code>Duration</code> created from the specified values.
	 * 
	 * @throws IllegalArgumentException If values are not a valid representation of a <code>Duration</code>.
	 * @throws UnsupportedOperationException If implementation cannot support requested values.
	 * @throws NullPointerException If any values are <code>null</code>.
	 * 
	 * @see #newDuration(boolean isPositive, BigInteger years, BigInteger months, BigInteger days,
	 *   BigInteger hours, BigInteger minutes, BigDecimal seconds)
	 */
	public Duration newDuration(
		final boolean isPositive,
		final BigInteger years,
		final BigInteger months,
		final BigInteger days,
		final BigInteger hours,
		final BigInteger minutes,
		final BigDecimal seconds) {
			
		return new DurationImpl(
				isPositive,
				years,
				months,
				days,
				hours,
				minutes,
				seconds
			);
		}
	/**
	 * <p>Create a <code>Duration</code> of type <code>xdt:yearMonthDuration</code> using the specified
	 * <code>year</code> and <code>month</code> as defined in
	 * <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xpath-datamodel#yearMonthDuration">
	 *   XQuery 1.0 and XPath 2.0 Data Model, xdt:yearMonthDuration</a>.</p>
	 *
     * <p>The XML Schema specification states that values can be of an arbitrary size.
     * Implementations may chose not to or be incapable of supporting arbitrarily large and/or small values.
     * An {@link UnsupportedOperationException} will be thrown with a message indicating implementation limits
     * if implementation capacities are exceeded.</p>
     *
     * <p>A <code>null</code> value indicates that field is not set.</p>
     *
     * @param isPositive Set to <code>false</code> to create a negative duration. When the length
     *   of the duration is zero, this parameter will be ignored.
	 * @param year Year of <code>Duration</code>.
	 * @param month Month of <code>Duration</code>.
	 *
	 * @return New <code>Duration</code> created using the specified <code>year</code> and <code>month</code>.
	 *
	 * @throws IllegalArgumentException If the values are not a valid representation of a
	 * <code>Duration</code>: if all of the fields (year, month) are null or
	 * if any of the fields is negative.
	 * @throws UnsupportedOperationException If implementation cannot support requested values.
	 */
	public Duration newDurationYearMonth(
		final boolean isPositive,
		final BigInteger year,
		final BigInteger month) {

                return new DurationYearMonthImpl(
                         isPositive,
                         year,
                         month
                 );

	}
	/**
	 * <p>Create a <code>Duration</code> of type <code>xdt:yearMonthDuration</code> using the specified
	 * <code>year</code> and <code>month</code> as defined in
	 * <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xpath-datamodel#yearMonthDuration">
	 *   XQuery 1.0 and XPath 2.0 Data Model, xdt:yearMonthDuration</a>.</p>
	 *
     * <p>A {@link DatatypeConstants#FIELD_UNDEFINED} value indicates that field is not set.</p>
     *
     * @param isPositive Set to <code>false</code> to create a negative duration. When the length
     *   of the duration is zero, this parameter will be ignored.
	 * @param year Year of <code>Duration</code>.
	 * @param month Month of <code>Duration</code>.
	 *
	 * @return New <code>Duration</code> created using the specified <code>year</code> and <code>month</code>.
	 *
	 * @throws IllegalArgumentException If the values are not a valid representation of a
	 * <code>Duration</code>: if any of the fields (year, month) is negative.
	 */
    @Override
	public Duration newDurationYearMonth(
		final boolean isPositive,
		final int year,
		final int month) {

		return new DurationYearMonthImpl(
			isPositive,
			year,
			month);
		}

	/**
	 * <p>Create a <code>Duration</code> of type <code>xdt:yearMonthDuration</code> by parsing its <code>String</code> representation,
	 * "<em>PnYnM</em>", <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xpath-datamodel#yearMonthDuration">
	 *   XQuery 1.0 and XPath 2.0 Data Model, xdt:yearMonthDuration</a>.</p>
	 *
	 * <p>The datatype <code>xdt:yearMonthDuration</code> is a subtype of <code>xs:duration</code>
	 * whose lexical representation contains only year and month components.
	 * This datatype resides in the namespace {@link javax.xml.XMLConstants#W3C_XPATH_DATATYPE_NS_URI}.</p>
	 *
     * <p>Both values are set and availabe from the created {@link Duration}</p>
	 *
     * <p>The XML Schema specification states that values can be of an arbitrary size.
     * Implementations may chose not to or be incapable of supporting arbitrarily large and/or small values.
     * An {@link UnsupportedOperationException} will be thrown with a message indicating implementation limits
     * if implementation capacities are exceeded.</p>
     *
	 * @param lexicalRepresentation Lexical representation of a duration.
	 *
	 * @return New <code>Duration</code> created using the specified <code>lexicalRepresentation</code>.
	 *
	 * @throws IllegalArgumentException If <code>lexicalRepresentation</code> is not a valid representation of a <code>Duration</code> expressed only in terms of years and months.
	 * @throws UnsupportedOperationException If implementation cannot support requested values.
	 * @throws NullPointerException If <code>lexicalRepresentation</code> is <code>null</code>.
	 */
        public Duration newDurationYearMonth(
                final String lexicalRepresentation) {

                return new DurationYearMonthImpl(lexicalRepresentation);

        }
	/**
	 * <p>Create a <code>Duration</code> of type <code>xdt:yearMonthDuration</code> using the specified milliseconds as defined in
	 * <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xpath-datamodel#yearMonthDuration">
	 *   XQuery 1.0 and XPath 2.0 Data Model, xdt:yearMonthDuration</a>.</p>
	 *
	 * <p>The datatype <code>xdt:yearMonthDuration</code> is a subtype of <code>xs:duration</code>
	 * whose lexical representation contains only year and month components.
	 * This datatype resides in the namespace {@link javax.xml.XMLConstants#W3C_XPATH_DATATYPE_NS_URI}.</p>
	 *
     * <p>Both values are set by computing their values from the specified milliseconds
     * and are availabe using the <code>get</code> methods of  the created {@link Duration}.
     * The values conform to and are defined by:</p>
     * <ul>
     *   <li>ISO 8601:2000(E) Section 5.5.3.2 Alternative format</li>
     *   <li><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#isoformats">
     *     W3C XML Schema 1.0 Part 2, Appendix D, ISO 8601 Date and Time Formats</a>
     *   </li>
     *   <li>{@link XMLGregorianCalendar}  Date/Time Datatype Field Mapping Between XML Schema 1.0 and Java Representation</li>
     * </ul>
     *
	 * <p>The default start instance is defined by {@link GregorianCalendar}'s use of the start of the epoch: i.e.,
	 * {@link java.util.Calendar#YEAR} = 1970,
	 * {@link java.util.Calendar#MONTH} = {@link java.util.Calendar#JANUARY},
	 * {@link java.util.Calendar#DATE} = 1, etc.
	 * This is important as there are variations in the Gregorian Calendar,
	 * e.g. leap years have different days in the month = {@link java.util.Calendar#FEBRUARY}
	 * so the result of {@link Duration#getMonths()} can be influenced.</p>
	 *
     * <p>Any remaining milliseconds after determining the year and month are discarded.</p>
	 *
	 * @param durationInMilliseconds Milliseconds of <code>Duration</code> to create.
	 *
	 * @return New <code>Duration</code> created using the specified <code>durationInMilliseconds</code>.
	 */
    public Duration newDurationYearMonth(
            final long durationInMilliseconds) {

        return new DurationYearMonthImpl(durationInMilliseconds);
    }

	/**
	 * <p>Create a <code>Duration</code> of type <code>xdt:dayTimeDuration</code> by parsing its <code>String</code> representation,
	 * "<em>PnDTnHnMnS</em>", <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xpath-datamodel#dayTimeDuration">
	 *   XQuery 1.0 and XPath 2.0 Data Model, xdt:dayTimeDuration</a>.</p>
	 *
	 * <p>The datatype <code>xdt:dayTimeDuration</code> is a subtype of <code>xs:duration</code>
	 * whose lexical representation contains only day, hour, minute, and second components.
	 * This datatype resides in the namespace <code>http://www.w3.org/2003/11/xpath-datatypes</code>.</p>
	 *
     * <p>All four values are set and availabe from the created {@link Duration}</p>
	 *
     * <p>The XML Schema specification states that values can be of an arbitrary size.
     * Implementations may chose not to or be incapable of supporting arbitrarily large and/or small values.
     * An {@link UnsupportedOperationException} will be thrown with a message indicating implementation limits
     * if implementation capacities are exceeded.</p>
     *
	 * @param lexicalRepresentation Lexical representation of a duration.
	 *
	 * @return New <code>Duration</code> created using the specified <code>lexicalRepresentation</code>.
	 *
	 * @throws IllegalArgumentException If <code>lexicalRepresentation</code> is not a valid representation of a <code>Duration</code> expressed only in terms of days and time.
	 * @throws UnsupportedOperationException If implementation cannot support requested values.
	 * @throws NullPointerException If <code>lexicalRepresentation</code> is <code>null</code>.
	 */
	public Duration newDurationDayTime(final String lexicalRepresentation) {
	    // lexicalRepresentation must be non-null
	    if (lexicalRepresentation == null) {
		throw new NullPointerException(
                    "Trying to create an xdt:dayTimeDuration with an invalid"
                    + " lexical representation of \"null\"");
	    }

	    return new DurationDayTimeImpl(lexicalRepresentation);
	}

	/**
	 * <p>Create a <code>Duration</code> of type <code>xdt:dayTimeDuration</code> using the specified milliseconds as defined in
	 * <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xpath-datamodel#dayTimeDuration">
	 *   XQuery 1.0 and XPath 2.0 Data Model, xdt:dayTimeDuration</a>.</p>
	 *
	 * <p>The datatype <code>xdt:dayTimeDuration</code> is a subtype of <code>xs:duration</code>
	 * whose lexical representation contains only day, hour, minute, and second components.
	 * This datatype resides in the namespace <code>http://www.w3.org/2003/11/xpath-datatypes</code>.</p>
	 *
     * <p>All four values are set by computing their values from the specified milliseconds
     * and are availabe using the <code>get</code> methods of  the created {@link Duration}.
     * The values conform to and are defined by:</p>
     * <ul>
     *   <li>ISO 8601:2000(E) Section 5.5.3.2 Alternative format</li>
     *   <li><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#isoformats">
     *     W3C XML Schema 1.0 Part 2, Appendix D, ISO 8601 Date and Time Formats</a>
     *   </li>
     *   <li>{@link XMLGregorianCalendar}  Date/Time Datatype Field Mapping Between XML Schema 1.0 and Java Representation</li>
     * </ul>
	 *
	 * <p>The default start instance is defined by {@link GregorianCalendar}'s use of the start of the epoch: i.e.,
	 * {@link java.util.Calendar#YEAR} = 1970,
	 * {@link java.util.Calendar#MONTH} = {@link java.util.Calendar#JANUARY},
	 * {@link java.util.Calendar#DATE} = 1, etc.
	 * This is important as there are variations in the Gregorian Calendar,
	 * e.g. leap years have different days in the month = {@link java.util.Calendar#FEBRUARY}
	 * so the result of {@link Duration#getDays()} can be influenced.</p>
	 *
     * <p>Any remaining milliseconds after determining the day, hour, minute and second are discarded.</p>
     *
	 * @param durationInMilliseconds Milliseconds of <code>Duration</code> to create.
	 *
	 * @return New <code>Duration</code> created with the specified <code>durationInMilliseconds</code>.
	 *
	 * @see <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xpath-datamodel#dayTimeDuration">
	 *   XQuery 1.0 and XPath 2.0 Data Model, xdt:dayTimeDuration</a>
	 */
	public Duration newDurationDayTime(final long durationInMilliseconds) {

		return new DurationDayTimeImpl(durationInMilliseconds);
	}

	/**
	 * <p>Create a <code>Duration</code> of type <code>xdt:dayTimeDuration</code> using the specified
	 * <code>day</code>, <code>hour</code>, <code>minute</code> and <code>second</code> as defined in
	 * <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xpath-datamodel#dayTimeDuration">
	 *   XQuery 1.0 and XPath 2.0 Data Model, xdt:dayTimeDuration</a>.</p>
	 *
	 * <p>The datatype <code>xdt:dayTimeDuration</code> is a subtype of <code>xs:duration</code>
	 * whose lexical representation contains only day, hour, minute, and second components.
	 * This datatype resides in the namespace <code>http://www.w3.org/2003/11/xpath-datatypes</code>.</p>
	 *
     * <p>The XML Schema specification states that values can be of an arbitrary size.
     * Implementations may chose not to or be incapable of supporting arbitrarily large and/or small values.
     * An {@link UnsupportedOperationException} will be thrown with a message indicating implementation limits
     * if implementation capacities are exceeded.</p>
     *
     * <p>A <code>null</code> value indicates that field is not set.</p>
     *
     * @param isPositive Set to <code>false</code> to create a negative duration. When the length
     *   of the duration is zero, this parameter will be ignored.
	 * @param day Day of <code>Duration</code>.
	 * @param hour Hour of <code>Duration</code>.
	 * @param minute Minute of <code>Duration</code>.
	 * @param second Second of <code>Duration</code>.
	 *
	 * @return New <code>Duration</code> created with the specified <code>day</code>, <code>hour</code>, <code>minute</code>
	 * and <code>second</code>.
	 *
	 * @throws IllegalArgumentException If the values are not a valid representation of a
	 * <code>Duration</code>: if all the fields (day, hour, ...) are null or
	 * if any of the fields is negative.
	 * @throws UnsupportedOperationException If implementation cannot support requested values.
	 */
	public Duration newDurationDayTime(
		final boolean isPositive,
		final BigInteger day,
		final BigInteger hour,
		final BigInteger minute,
		final BigInteger second) {

		return new DurationDayTimeImpl(
			isPositive,
			day,
			hour,
			minute,
			(second != null)? new BigDecimal(second):null
		);
	}

	/**
	 * <p>Create a <code>Duration</code> of type <code>xdt:dayTimeDuration</code> using the specified
	 * <code>day</code>, <code>hour</code>, <code>minute</code> and <code>second</code> as defined in
	 * <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xpath-datamodel#dayTimeDuration">
	 *   XQuery 1.0 and XPath 2.0 Data Model, xdt:dayTimeDuration</a>.</p>
	 *
	 * <p>The datatype <code>xdt:dayTimeDuration</code> is a subtype of <code>xs:duration</code>
	 * whose lexical representation contains only day, hour, minute, and second components.
	 * This datatype resides in the namespace <code>http://www.w3.org/2003/11/xpath-datatypes</code>.</p>
	 *
     * <p>A {@link DatatypeConstants#FIELD_UNDEFINED} value indicates that field is not set.</p>
     *
     * @param isPositive Set to <code>false</code> to create a negative duration. When the length
     *   of the duration is zero, this parameter will be ignored.
	 * @param day Day of <code>Duration</code>.
	 * @param hour Hour of <code>Duration</code>.
	 * @param minute Minute of <code>Duration</code>.
	 * @param second Second of <code>Duration</code>.
	 *
	 * @return New <code>Duration</code> created with the specified <code>day</code>, <code>hour</code>, <code>minute</code>
	 * and <code>second</code>.
	 *
	 * @throws IllegalArgumentException If the values are not a valid representation of a
	 * <code>Duration</code>: if any of the fields (day, hour, ...) is negative.
	 */
	public Duration newDurationDayTime(
		final boolean isPositive,
		final int day,
		final int hour,
		final int minute,
		final int second) {

			return new DurationDayTimeImpl(
				isPositive,
				day,
				hour,
				minute,
				second
				);
		}

	/**
	 * <p>Create a new instance of an <code>XMLGregorianCalendar</code>.</p>
	 * 
     * <p>All date/time datatype fields set to {@link DatatypeConstants#FIELD_UNDEFINED} or null.</p>
     * 
     * @return New <code>XMLGregorianCalendar</code> with all date/time datatype fields set to
     *   {@link DatatypeConstants#FIELD_UNDEFINED} or null.
	 */
	public XMLGregorianCalendar newXMLGregorianCalendar() {
		
		return new XMLGregorianCalendarImpl();
	}
	
	/**
	 * <p>Create a new XMLGregorianCalendar by parsing the String as a lexical representation.</p>
	 * 
     * <p>Parsing the lexical string representation is defined in 
     * <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#dateTime-order">XML Schema 1.0 Part 2, Section 3.2.[7-14].1,
     * <em>Lexical Representation</em>.</a></p>
     * 
     * <p>The string representation may not have any leading and trailing whitespaces.</p>
     * 
     * <p>The parsing is done field by field so that
     * the following holds for any lexically correct String x:</p>
     * <pre>
     * newXMLGregorianCalendar(x).toXMLFormat().equals(x)
     * </pre>
     * <p>Except for the noted lexical/canonical representation mismatches
     * listed in <a href="http://www.w3.org/2001/05/xmlschema-errata#e2-45">
     * XML Schema 1.0 errata, Section 3.2.7.2</a>.</p>
	 * 
	 * @param lexicalRepresentation Lexical representation of one the eight XML Schema date/time datatypes.
	 * 
	 * @return <code>XMLGregorianCalendar</code> created from the <code>lexicalRepresentation</code>.
	 * 
	 * @throws IllegalArgumentException If the <code>lexicalRepresentation</code> is not a valid <code>XMLGregorianCalendar</code>.
	 * @throws NullPointerException If <code>lexicalRepresentation</code> is <code>null</code>.
	 */
	public XMLGregorianCalendar newXMLGregorianCalendar(final String lexicalRepresentation) {
		
		return new XMLGregorianCalendarImpl(lexicalRepresentation);
	}
	
	/**
	 * <p>Create an <code>XMLGregorianCalendar</code> from a {@link GregorianCalendar}.</p> 
	 *
	 * <table border="2" rules="all" cellpadding="2">
	 *   <thead>
	 *     <tr>
	 *       <th align="center" colspan="2">
	 *          Field by Field Conversion from
	 *          {@link GregorianCalendar} to an {@link XMLGregorianCalendar} 
	 *       </th>
	 *     </tr>
	 *     <tr>
	 *        <th><code>java.util.GregorianCalendar</code> field</th>
	 *        <th><code>javax.xml.datatype.XMLGregorianCalendar</code> field</th>
	 *     </tr>
	 *   </thead>
	 *   <tbody>
	 *     <tr>
	 *       <td><code>ERA == GregorianCalendar.BC ? -YEAR : YEAR</code></td>
	 *       <td>{@link XMLGregorianCalendar#setYear(int year)}</td>
	 *     </tr>
	 *     <tr>
	 *       <td><code>MONTH + 1</code></td>
	 *       <td>{@link XMLGregorianCalendar#setMonth(int month)}</td>
	 *     </tr>
	 *     <tr>
	 *       <td><code>DAY_OF_MONTH</code></td>
	 *       <td>{@link XMLGregorianCalendar#setDay(int day)}</td>
	 *     </tr>
	 *     <tr>
	 *       <td><code>HOUR_OF_DAY, MINUTE, SECOND, MILLISECOND</code></td>
	 *       <td>{@link XMLGregorianCalendar#setTime(int hour, int minute, int second, BigDecimal fractional)}</td>
	 *     </tr>
	 *     <tr>
	 *       <td>
	 *         <code>(ZONE_OFFSET + DST_OFFSET) / (60*1000)</code><br/>
	 *         <em>(in minutes)</em>
	 *       </td>
	 *       <td>{@link XMLGregorianCalendar#setTimezone(int offset)}<sup><em>*</em></sup>
	 *       </td>
	 *     </tr>
	 *   </tbody>
	 * </table>
	 * <p><em>*</em>conversion loss of information. It is not possible to represent 
	 * a <code>java.util.GregorianCalendar</code> daylight savings timezone id in the 
	 * XML Schema 1.0 date/time datatype representation.</p>
	 * 
	 * <p>To compute the return value's <code>TimeZone</code> field,
	 * <ul>
	 * <li>when <code>this.getTimezone() != FIELD_UNDEFINED</code>,
	 * create a <code>java.util.TimeZone</code> with a custom timezone id 
	 * using the <code>this.getTimezone()</code>.</li>
	 * <li>else use the <code>GregorianCalendar</code> default timezone value 
	 * for the host is defined as specified by 
	 * <code>java.util.TimeZone.getDefault()</code>.</li></p>     
	 *
	 * @param cal <code>java.util.GregorianCalendar</code> used to create <code>XMLGregorianCalendar</code>
	 * 
	 * @return <code>XMLGregorianCalendar</code> created from <code>java.util.GregorianCalendar</code>
	 *  
	 * @throws NullPointerException If <code>cal</code> is <code>null</code>.
	 */
	public XMLGregorianCalendar newXMLGregorianCalendar(final GregorianCalendar cal) {
		
		return new XMLGregorianCalendarImpl(cal);
	}

	/**
	 * <p>Constructor allowing for complete value spaces allowed by 
	 * W3C XML Schema 1.0 recommendation for xsd:dateTime and related 
	 * builtin datatypes. Note that <code>year</code> parameter supports
	 * arbitrarily large numbers and fractionalSecond has infinite 
	 * precision.</p>
	 * 
	 * @param year of <code>XMLGregorianCalendar</code> to be created.
	 * @param month of <code>XMLGregorianCalendar</code> to be created.
	 * @param day of <code>XMLGregorianCalendar</code> to be created.
	 * @param hour of <code>XMLGregorianCalendar</code> to be created.
	 * @param minute of <code>XMLGregorianCalendar</code> to be created.
	 * @param second of <code>XMLGregorianCalendar</code> to be created.
	 * @param fractionalSecond of <code>XMLGregorianCalendar</code> to be created.
	 * @param timezone of <code>XMLGregorianCalendar</code> to be created.
	 * 
	 * @return <code>XMLGregorianCalendar</code> created from specified values.
	 * 
	 * @throws IllegalArgumentException If any individual parameter's value is outside the maximum value constraint for the field
	 *   as determined by the Date/Time Data Mapping table in {@link XMLGregorianCalendar}
	 *   or if the composite values constitute an invalid <code>XMLGregorianCalendar</code> instance
	 *   as determined by {@link XMLGregorianCalendar#isValid()}.
	 * @throws NullPointerException If any parameters are <code>null</code>.
	 * 
	 */
	public XMLGregorianCalendar newXMLGregorianCalendar(
		final BigInteger year,
		final int month,
		final int day,
		final int hour,
		final int minute,
		final int second,
		final BigDecimal fractionalSecond,
		final int timezone) {
			
		return new XMLGregorianCalendarImpl(
			year,
			month,
			day,
			hour,
			minute,
			second,
			fractionalSecond,
			timezone
		);
	}
}
