XMONAD(1) Tiling Window Manager
Date: 2021-10-27

# Name

xmonad - Tiling Window Manager

# Description

xmonad is a minimalist tiling window manager for X, written in Haskell. Windows are managed using automatic layout algorithms, which can be dynamically reconfigured. At any time windows are arranged so as to maximize the use of screen real estate. All features of the window manager are accessible purely from the keyboard: a mouse is entirely optional. xmonad is configured in Haskell, and custom layout algorithms may be implemented by the user in config files. A principle of xmonad is predictability: the user should know in advance precisely the window arrangement that will result from any action.

By default, xmonad provides three layout algorithms: tall, wide and fullscreen. In tall or wide mode, windows are tiled and arranged to prevent overlap and maximize screen use. Sets of windows are grouped together on virtual screens, and each screen retains its own layout, which may be reconfigured dynamically. Multiple physical monitors are supported via Xinerama, allowing simultaneous display of a number of screens.

By utilizing the expressivity of a modern functional language with a rich static type system, xmonad provides a complete, featureful window manager in less than 1200 lines of code, with an emphasis on correctness and robustness. Internal properties of the window manager are checked using a combination of static guarantees provided by the type system, and type-based automated testing. A benefit of this is that the code is simple to understand, and easy to modify.

# Usage

xmonad places each window into a “workspace”. Each workspace can have any number of windows, which you can cycle though with mod-j and mod-k. Windows are either displayed full screen, tiled horizontally, or tiled vertically. You can toggle the layout mode with mod-space, which will cycle through the available modes.

You can switch to workspace N with mod-N. For example, to switch to workspace 5, you would press mod-5. Similarly, you can move the current window to another workspace with mod-shift-N.

When running with multiple monitors (Xinerama), each screen has exactly 1 workspace visible. mod-{w,e,r} switch the focus between screens, while shift-mod-{w,e,r} move the current window to that screen. When xmonad starts, workspace 1 is on screen 1, workspace 2 is on screen 2, etc. When switching workspaces to one that is already visible, the current and visible workspaces are swapped.

## Flags

xmonad has several flags which you may pass to the executable. These flags are:

–recompile
  Recompiles your xmonad.hs configuration
–restart
  Causes the currently running xmonad process to restart
–replace
  Replace the current window manager with xmonad
–version
  Display version of xmonad
–verbose-version
  Display detailed version of xmonad

## Default keyboard bindings

mod-shift-return
  Launch terminal
mod-p
  Launch dmenu
mod-shift-p
  Launch gmrun
mod-shift-c
  Close the focused window
mod-space
  Rotate through the available layout algorithms
mod-shift-space
  Reset the layouts on the current workspace to default
mod-n
  Resize viewed windows to the correct size
mod-tab
  Move focus to the next window
mod-shift-tab
  Move focus to the previous window
mod-j
  Move focus to the next window
mod-k
  Move focus to the previous window
mod-m
  Move focus to the master window
mod-return
  Swap the focused window and the master window
mod-shift-j
  Swap the focused window with the next window
mod-shift-k
  Swap the focused window with the previous window
mod-h
  Shrink the master area
mod-l
  Expand the master area
mod-t
  Push window back into tiling
mod-comma
  Increment the number of windows in the master area
mod-period
  Deincrement the number of windows in the master area
mod-shift-q
  Quit xmonad
mod-q
  Restart xmonad
mod-shift-slash
  Run xmessage with a summary of the default keybindings (useful for beginners)
mod-question
  Run xmessage with a summary of the default keybindings (useful for beginners)
mod-[1..9]
  Switch to workspace N
mod-shift-[1..9]
  Move client to workspace N
mod-{w,e,r}
  Switch to physical/Xinerama screens 1, 2, or 3
mod-shift-{w,e,r}
  Move client to screen 1, 2, or 3
mod-button1
  Set the window to floating mode and move by dragging
mod-button2
  Raise the window to the top of the stack
mod-button3
  Set the window to floating mode and resize by dragging

# Examples

To use xmonad as your window manager add to your ~/.xinitrc file:

> exec xmonad

# Customization

xmonad is customized in your xmonad.hs, and then restarted with mod-q. You can choose where your configuration file lives by

1. Setting `XMONAD_DATA_DIR,` `XMONAD_CONFIG_DIR`, and `XMONAD_CACHE_DIR`; xmonad.hs is then expected to be in `XMONAD_CONFIG_DIR`.
2. Creating xmonad.hs in ~/.xmonad.
3. Creating xmonad.hs in `XDG_CONFIG_HOME`. Note that, in this case, xmonad will use `XDG_DATA_HOME` and `XDG_CACHE_HOME` for its data and cache directory respectively.

You can find many extensions to the core feature set in the xmonad- contrib package, available through your package manager or from xmonad.org.

## Modular Configuration

As of xmonad-0.9, any additional Haskell modules may be placed in ~/.xmonad/lib/ are available in GHC’s searchpath. Hierarchical modules are supported: for example, the file ~/.xmonad/lib/XMonad/Stack/MyAdditions.hs could contain:

    module XMonad.Stack.MyAdditions (function1) where
      function1 = error "function1: Not implemented yet!"

Your xmonad.hs may then import XMonad.Stack.MyAdditions as if that module was contained within xmonad or xmonad-contrib.

# Bugs

Probably. If you find any, please report them to the bugtracker