# This file is Copyright 2019 Volatility Foundation and licensed under the Volatility Software License 1.0
# which is available at https://www.volatilityfoundation.org/license/vsl-v1.0
#
import logging
from typing import Iterator, List, Tuple, Iterable, Optional

from volatility3.framework import renderers, interfaces, exceptions
from volatility3.framework.configuration import requirements
from volatility3.framework.layers import registry
from volatility3.framework.renderers import format_hints
from volatility3.plugins.windows.registry import hivescan

vollog = logging.getLogger(__name__)


class HiveGenerator:
    """Walks the registry HiveList linked list in a given direction and stores an invalid offset
    if it's unable to fully walk the list"""

    _required_framework_version = (2, 0, 0)

    def __init__(self, cmhive, forward = True):
        self._cmhive = cmhive
        self._forward = forward
        self._invalid = None

    def __iter__(self):
        for hive in self._cmhive.HiveList.to_list(self._cmhive.vol.type_name, "HiveList", forward = self._forward):
            if not hive.is_valid():
                self._invalid = hive.vol.offset
                return
            yield hive

    @property
    def invalid(self) -> Optional[int]:
        return self._invalid


class HiveList(interfaces.plugins.PluginInterface):
    """Lists the registry hives present in a particular memory image."""

    _version = (1, 0, 0)
    _required_framework_version = (2, 0, 0)

    @classmethod
    def get_requirements(cls) -> List[interfaces.configuration.RequirementInterface]:
        return [
            requirements.ModuleRequirement(name = 'kernel', description = 'Windows kernel',
                                                     architectures = ["Intel32", "Intel64"]),
            requirements.StringRequirement(name = 'filter',
                                           description = "String to filter hive names returned",
                                           optional = True,
                                           default = None),
            requirements.PluginRequirement(name = 'hivescan', plugin = hivescan.HiveScan, version = (1, 0, 0)),
            requirements.BooleanRequirement(name = 'dump',
                                            description = "Extract listed registry hives",
                                            default = False,
                                            optional = True)
        ]

    def _sanitize_hive_name(self, name: str) -> str:
        return name.split('\\')[-1].replace(' ', '_').replace('.', '').replace('[', '').replace(']', '')

    def _generator(self) -> Iterator[Tuple[int, Tuple[int, str]]]:
        chunk_size = 0x500000
        kernel = self.context.modules[self.config['kernel']]

        for hive_object in self.list_hive_objects(context = self.context,
                                                  layer_name = kernel.layer_name,
                                                  symbol_table = kernel.symbol_table_name,
                                                  filter_string = self.config.get('filter', None)):

            file_output = "Disabled"
            if self.config['dump']:
                # Construct the hive
                hive = next(
                    self.list_hives(self.context,
                                    self.config_path,
                                    layer_name = kernel.layer_name,
                                    symbol_table = kernel.symbol_table_name,
                                    hive_offsets = [hive_object.vol.offset]))
                maxaddr = hive.hive.Storage[0].Length
                hive_name = self._sanitize_hive_name(hive.get_name())

                file_handle = self.open(f'registry.{hive_name}.{hex(hive.hive_offset)}.hive')
                with file_handle as file_data:
                    if hive._base_block:
                        hive_data = self.context.layers[hive.dependencies[0]].read(hive.hive.BaseBlock, 1 << 12)
                    else:
                        hive_data = '\x00' * (1 << 12)
                    file_data.write(hive_data)

                    for i in range(0, maxaddr, chunk_size):
                        current_chunk_size = min(chunk_size, maxaddr - i)
                        data = hive.read(i, current_chunk_size, pad = True)
                        file_data.write(data)
                        # if self._progress_callback:
                        #     self._progress_callback((i / maxaddr) * 100, 'Writing layer {}'.format(hive_name))
                file_output = file_handle.preferred_filename

            yield (0, (format_hints.Hex(hive_object.vol.offset), hive_object.get_name() or "", file_output))

    @classmethod
    def list_hives(cls,
                   context: interfaces.context.ContextInterface,
                   base_config_path: str,
                   layer_name: str,
                   symbol_table: str,
                   filter_string: Optional[str] = None,
                   hive_offsets: List[int] = None) -> Iterable[registry.RegistryHive]:
        """Walks through a registry, hive by hive returning the constructed
        registry layer name.

        Args:
            context: The context to retrieve required elements (layers, symbol tables) from
            base_config_path: The configuration path for any settings required by the new table
            layer_name: The name of the layer on which to operate
            symbol_table: The name of the table containing the kernel symbols
            filter_string: An optional string which must be present in the hive name if specified
            offset: An optional offset to specify a specific hive to iterate over (takes precedence over filter_string)

        Yields:
            A registry hive layer name
        """
        if hive_offsets is None:
            try:
                hive_offsets = [
                    hive.vol.offset for hive in cls.list_hive_objects(context, layer_name, symbol_table, filter_string)
                ]
            except ImportError:
                vollog.warning("Unable to import windows.hivelist plugin, please provide a hive offset")
                raise ValueError("Unable to import windows.hivelist plugin, please provide a hive offset")

        for hive_offset in hive_offsets:
            # Construct the hive
            reg_config_path = cls.make_subconfig(context = context,
                                                 base_config_path = base_config_path,
                                                 hive_offset = hive_offset,
                                                 base_layer = layer_name,
                                                 nt_symbols = symbol_table)

            try:
                hive = registry.RegistryHive(context, reg_config_path, name = 'hive' + hex(hive_offset))
            except exceptions.InvalidAddressException:
                vollog.warning(f"Couldn't create RegistryHive layer at offset {hex(hive_offset)}, skipping")
                continue
            context.layers.add_layer(hive)
            yield hive

    @classmethod
    def list_hive_objects(cls,
                          context: interfaces.context.ContextInterface,
                          layer_name: str,
                          symbol_table: str,
                          filter_string: str = None) -> Iterator[interfaces.objects.ObjectInterface]:
        """Lists all the hives in the primary layer.

        Args:
            context: The context to retrieve required elements (layers, symbol tables) from
            layer_name: The name of the layer on which to operate
            symbol_table: The name of the table containing the kernel symbols
            filter_string: A string which must be present in the hive name if specified

        Returns:
            The list of registry hives from the `layer_name` layer as filtered against using the `filter_string`
        """

        # We only use the object factory to demonstrate how to use one
        kvo = context.layers[layer_name].config['kernel_virtual_offset']
        ntkrnlmp = context.module(symbol_table, layer_name = layer_name, offset = kvo)

        list_head = ntkrnlmp.get_symbol("CmpHiveListHead").address
        list_entry = ntkrnlmp.object(object_type = "_LIST_ENTRY", offset = list_head)
        reloff = ntkrnlmp.get_type("_CMHIVE").relative_child_offset("HiveList")
        cmhive = ntkrnlmp.object(object_type = "_CMHIVE", offset = list_entry.vol.offset - reloff, absolute = True)

        # Run through the list forwards
        seen = set()

        hg = HiveGenerator(cmhive, forward = True)
        for hive in hg:
            if hive.vol.offset in seen:
                vollog.debug("Hivelist found an already seen offset {} while " \
                             "traversing forwards, this should not occur".format(hex(hive.vol.offset)))
                break
            seen.add(hive.vol.offset)
            if filter_string is None or filter_string.lower() in str(hive.get_name() or "").lower():
                if context.layers[layer_name].is_valid(hive.vol.offset):
                    yield hive

        forward_invalid = hg.invalid
        if forward_invalid:
            vollog.debug("Hivelist failed traversing the list forwards at {}, traversing backwards".format(
                hex(forward_invalid)))
            hg = HiveGenerator(cmhive, forward = False)
            for hive in hg:
                if hive.vol.offset in seen:
                    vollog.debug("Hivelist found an already seen offset {} while " \
                                 "traversing backwards, list walking met in the middle".format(hex(hive.vol.offset)))
                    break
                seen.add(hive.vol.offset)
                if filter_string is None or filter_string.lower() in str(hive.get_name() or "").lower():
                    if context.layers[layer_name].is_valid(hive.vol.offset):
                        yield hive

            backward_invalid = hg.invalid

            if backward_invalid and forward_invalid != backward_invalid:
                # walking forward and backward did not stop at the same offset. they should if:
                #  1) there are no invalid hives, walking forwards would reach the end and backwards is not necessary
                #  2) there is one invalid hive, walking backwards would stop at the same place as forwards
                # therefore, there must be more 2 or more invalid hives, so the middle of the list is not reachable
                # by walking the list, so revert to scanning, and walk the list forwards and backwards from each
                # found hive
                vollog.debug("Hivelist failed traversing backwards at {}, a different " \
                             "location from forwards, revert to scanning".format(hex(backward_invalid)))
                for hive in hivescan.HiveScan.scan_hives(context, layer_name, symbol_table):
                    try:
                        if hive.HiveList.Flink:
                            start_hive_offset = hive.HiveList.Flink - reloff

                            ## Now instantiate the first hive in virtual address space as normal
                            start_hive = ntkrnlmp.object(object_type = "_CMHIVE",
                                                         offset = start_hive_offset,
                                                         absolute = True)
                            for forward in (True, False):
                                for linked_hive in start_hive.HiveList.to_list(hive.vol.type_name, "HiveList", forward):
                                    if not linked_hive.is_valid() or linked_hive.vol.offset in seen:
                                        continue
                                    seen.add(linked_hive.vol.offset)
                                    if filter_string is None or filter_string.lower() in str(linked_hive.get_name()
                                                                                             or "").lower():
                                        if context.layers[layer_name].is_valid(linked_hive.vol.offset):
                                            yield linked_hive
                    except exceptions.InvalidAddressException:
                        vollog.debug("InvalidAddressException when traversing hive {} found from scan, skipping".format(
                            hex(hive.vol.offset)))

    def run(self) -> renderers.TreeGrid:
        return renderers.TreeGrid([("Offset", format_hints.Hex), ("FileFullPath", str), ("File output", str)],
                                  self._generator())
