//----------------------------------------------------------------------------
//
// TSDuck - The MPEG Transport Stream Toolkit
// Copyright (c) 2005-2025, Thierry Lelegard
// BSD-2-Clause license, see LICENSE.txt file or https://tsduck.io/license
//
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------

[#chap-references]
[appendix]
== References

[#acronyms]
=== Acronyms and abbreviations

[.compact-table]
[cols="<1,<1",frame=none,grid=none,stripes=none,options="autowidth,noheader"]
|===
|ABNT |_Associação Brasileira de Normas Técnicas_ (Brazilian standardization committee)
|AC |Auxiliary Channel (ISDB)
|AC-3 |Audio Compression Standard 3 (Dolby)
|ACG |Access Criteria Generator (DVB SimulCrypt)
|AES |Advanced Encryption Standard (cryptography)
|AIT |Application Information Table (DVB)
|ANSI |American National Standards Institute
|AOM |Alliance for Open Media
|ARCOM |_Autorité de régulation de la communication audiovisuelle et numérique_ (French national regulator for TV)
|ARIB |Association of Radio Industries and Businesses (Japan)
|ASI |Asynchronous Serial Interface
|ATIS |Alliance for Telecommunications Industry Solutions
|ATSC |Advanced Television Systems Committee
|ATR |Answer To Reset (smartcard)
|AVC |Advanced Video Coding
|AVS |Audio Video coding Standard Workgroup of China
|BAT |Bouquet Association Table (DVB)
|BCD |Binary Coded Decimal
|BDA |Broadcast Device Architecture (Microsoft Windows)
|BDT |Binary Data Table
|BER |Bit Error Ratio
|BIT |Broadcaster Information Table (ISDB)
|BPSK |Binary Phase Shift Keying (modulation)
|BTS |Broadcast Transport Stream (ISDB)
|CA |Conditional Access
|CAM |Conditional Access Module
|CAS |Conditional Access System
|CAT |Conditional Access Table (MPEG)
|CIT |Content Identifier Table (DVB)
|CMT |CA Message Table
|COFDM |Coded Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing (modulation)
|CP |Crypto-Period
|CRC |Cyclic Redundancy Check
|CSA |_Conseil Supérieur de l'Audiovisuel_ (French national regulator for TV, now ARCOM)
|CVCT |Cable Virtual Channel Table (ATSC)
|CW |Control Word (cryptography)
|CWG |Control Word Generator (DVB SimulCrypt)
|DASH |Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP (network protocol)
|DCCT |Directed Channel Change Table (ATSC)
|DCCSCT |Directed Channel Change Selection Code Table (ATSC)
|DID |Descriptor Identifier (or descriptor _tag_)
|DIT |Discontinuity Information Table (DVB)
|DKMS |Dynamic Kernel Module Support (Linux)
|DOCSIS |Data Over Cable Service Interface Specification
|DRM |Digital Rights Management
|DSM-CC |Digital Storage Media Command and Control (MPEG)
|DTG |Digital TV Group (UK)
|DTH |Direct To Home
|DTS |Decoding Time Stamp
|DTTV |Digital Terrestrial Television
|DTV |Digital Television
|DVB |Digital Video Broadcasting
|DVB-C |DVB Cable modulation
|DVB-C2 |DVB Cable modulation, 2nd generation
|DVB-CISSA |DVB Common IPTV Software-oriented Scrambling Algorithm
|DVB-CSA |DVB Common Scrambling Algorithm
|DVB-S |DVB Satellite modulation
|DVB-S2 |DVB Satellite modulation, 2nd generation
|DVB-T |DVB Terrestrial modulation
|DVB-T2 |DVB Terrestrial modulation, 2nd generation
|EACEM |European Association of Consumer Electronics Manufacturers (now DIGITALEUROPE)
|EBU |European Broadcasting Union
|ECM |Entitlement Control Message
|ECMG |ECM Generator (DVB SimulCrypt)
|EICTA |European Information and Communications Technology Industry Association (now DIGITALEUROPE)
|EIS |Event Information Scheduler (DVB SimulCrypt)
|EIT |Event Information Table (DVB, ATSC, ISDB)
|EMM |Entitlement Management Message
|EMMG |EMM Generator (DVB SimulCrypt)
|EPG |Electronic Program Guide
|ERT |Event Relation Table (ISDB)
|ES |Elementary Stream
|ETSI |European Telecommunications Standards Institute
|ETT |Extended Text Table (ATSC)
|FEC |Forward Error Correction
|FIPS |Federal Information Processing Standard
|FLUTE |File Delivery over Unidirectional Transport (RFC 3926)
|FTA |Free To Air
|GOP |Group Of Pictures
|HbbTV |Hybrid broadcast/broadband Television
|HE-AAC |High Efficiency Advanced Audio Coding
|HLS |HTTP Live Streaming (networking)
|HTTP |Hyper-Text Transfer Protocol (networking)
|HTTPS |Hyper-Text Transfer Protocol - Secure (networking)
|IDSA |IIF Default Scrambling Algorithm (cryptography)
|IEC |International Electrotechnical Commission
|IEEE |Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
|IETF |Internet Engineering Task Force
|IIF |IP-TV Interoperability Forum
|IIP |ISDB-T Information Packet
|INT |IP/MAC Notification Table (DVB)
|IP |Internet Protocol (networking)
|IPTV |Internet Protocol Television (UDP multicast in operators network)
|IPTV |Internet Protocol Television (piracy services)
|IRD |Integrated Receiver Decoder
|ISDB |Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting
|ISDB-S |ISDB Satellite modulation (ARIB)
|ISDB-T |ISDB Terrestrial modulation (ARIB)
|ISDB-Tb |ISDB Terrestrial modulation (ABNT-defined Brazilian version)
|ISO |International Standardization Organization
|ITT |Index Transmission information Table (ISDB)
|ITU |International Telecommunication Union
|IV |Initialization Vector (cryptography)
|LCN |Logical Channel Number (a.k.a. TV channel number)
|LDT |Linked Description Table (ISDB)
|LIT |Local event Information Table (ISDB)
|LNB |Low-Noise Block down-converter (satellite)
|MAC |Media Access Control (networking)
|MAC |Message Authentication Code (cryptography)
|MGT |Master Guide Table (ATSC)
|MHEG |Multimedia/Hypermedia Experts Group
|MJD |Modified Julian Date
|MPE |Multi-Protocol Encapsulation (DVB)
|MPEG |Moving Picture Experts Group
|MUX |Multiplexer
|NBIT |Network Board Information Table (ISDB)
|NIST |National Institute of Standards and Technology
|NIT |Network Information Table (DVB)
|NPT |Normal Play Time
|NSAP |Network Service Access Point (OSI networks)
|NTSC |National Television Systems Committee
|NVOD |Near Video On Demand
|OFCOM |Office of Communications (UK national regulator for TV)
|OFDM |Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing (modulation)
|OQPSK |Offset Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (modulation)
|OSI |Open Systems Interconnection (networking standards)
|OTT |Over-The-Top (streaming strategy)
|OUI |Organizationally Unique Identifier (IEEE assigned)
|PAT |Program Association Table (MPEG)
|PCAT |Partial Content Announcement Table (ISDB)
|PCR |Program Clock Reference
|PDS |Private Data Specifier (DVB)
|PES |Packetized Elementary Stream
|PID |Packet Identifier
|PLP |Physical Layer Pipe
|PMT |Program Map Table (MPEG)
|PRNG |Pseudo-Random Number Generator (cryptography)
|PSI |Program Specific Information (MPEG)
|PSK |Phase Shift Keying (modulation)
|PTS |Presentation Time Stamp
|QPSK |Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (modulation)
|QAM |Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (modulation)
|RIST |Reliable Internet Stream Transport (network protocol)
|RNG |Random Number Generator (cryptography)
|RNT |Resolution provider Notification Table (DVB)
|RRT |Rating Region Table (ATSC)
|RS |Reed-Solomon (FEC code)
|RST |Running Status Table (DVB)
|RTP |Real-Time Protocol (networking)
|RTSP |Real-Time Streaming Protocol (networking)
|RTT |Rating Text Tavle (ATSC)
|SCS |SimulCrypt Synchronizer (DVB SimulCrypt)
|SCTE |Society of Cable Telecommunications Engineers
|SDT |Service Description Table (DVB)
|SFN |Single Frequency Network
|SGT |Service Guide Table (SES Astra)
|SHA |Secure Hash Algorithm, SHA-1, SHA-256, SHA-512, SHA-3 (cryptography)
|SI |Service Information (DVB)
|SIT |Selection Information Table (DVB)
|SMPTE |Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers
|SRT |Secure Reliable Transport (network protocol)
|SRT |SubRip Text (subtitles format)
|ST |Stuffing Table (DVB)
|STB |Set-Top Box
|STD |System Target Decoder
|STT |System Time Table (ATSC)
|T2-MI |DVB-T2 Modulator Interface
|TDT |Time and Date Table (DVB)
|TID |Table Identifier
|TMCC |Transmission and Multiplexing Configuration Control (ISDB)
|TNT |_Télévision Numérique Terrestre_ (French DTTV network)
|TOT |Time Offset Table (DVB)
|TPS |Transmission Parameter Signalling (modulation)
|TRNG |True Random Number Generator (cryptography)
|TS |Transport Stream
|TSDT |Transport Stream Description Table (MPEG)
|TSP |Transport Stream Packet (ISDB)
|TVCT |Terrestrial Virtual Channel Table (ATSC)
|UDP |User Datagram Protocol (networking)
|U-N |User-to-Network (DSM-CC)
|UNT |Update Notification Table (DVB)
|URI |Uniform Resource Identifier
|URL |Uniform Resource Locator
|UTC |Coordinated Universal Time
|U-U |User-to-User (DSM-CC)
|UUID |Universal Unique Identifier
|UWA |UHD World Association (China)
|VBI |Vertical Blanking Interval
|VCT |Virtual Channel Table (ATSC)
|WHEP |WebRTC-HTTP Egress Protocol (video streaming)
|WHIP |WebRTC-HTTP Ingestion Protocol (video streaming, RFC 9725)
|===

<<<
[#bibliography]
[bibliography]
=== Bibliography

* [[[AOM-AV1]]] Alliance for Open Media (AOM):
  "Carriage of AV1 in MPEG-2 TS", October 2021, https://aomediacodec.github.io/av1-mpeg2-ts/
* [[[ARIB-B10]]] ARIB STD-B10, V4.6, June 2008:
  "Service Information for digital broadcasting system" (English version).
* [[[ARIB-B10J]]] ARIB STD-B10, V5.7, December 2015:
  "Service Information for digital broadcasting system" (Japanese version).
* [[[ARIB-B16]]] ARIB STD-B16, V1.1, February 1999:
  "Digital receiver commonly used for digital satellite; Broadcasting services using communication satellites" (Japanese version).
* [[[ARIB-B21]]] ARIB STD-B21, V5.11, December 2019:
  "Receiver for digital broadcasting" (English version).
* [[[ARIB-B24]]] ARIB STD-B24, V6.4, July 2017:
  "Data Coding and Transmission Specification for Digital Broadcasting".
* [[[ARIB-B25]]] ARIB STD-B25, V5.0, March 2007:
  "Conditional Access System Specifications for Digital Broadcasting".
* [[[ARIB-B31]]] ARIB STD-B31, V2.2, March 2014:
  "Transmission System for Digital Terrestrial Television Broadcasting".
* [[[ARIB-B61]]] ARIB STD-B61, V1.4, April 2018:
  "Conditional Access System (Second Generation) and CAS Program Download System Specifications for Digital Broadcasting".
* [[[ARIB-B63]]] ARIB STD-B63, V1.10, October 2022:
  "Receiver for Advanced Wide Band Digital Satellite Broadcasting".
* [[[Astra-LCN]]] SES Astra, July 2015:
  "Logical Channel Numbering (LCN), Technical Specification v2.6"
* [[[ATSC-A52]]] ATSC A/52, January 2018:
  "Digital Audio Compression (AC-3, E-AC-3)".
* [[[ATSC-A53-3]]] ATSC A/53 Part 3, February 2023:
  "ATSC Standard: Service Multiplex and Transport Subsystem Characteristics".
* [[[ATSC-A65]]] ATSC A/65, August 2013:
  "ATSC Standard: Program and System Information Protocol for Terrestrial Broadcast and Cable".
* [[[ATSC-A69]]] ATSC A/69, December 2009:
  "ATSC Recommended Practice: Program and System Information Protocol Implementation Guidelines for Broadcasters".
* [[[ATSC-A71]]] ATSC A/71, December 2012:
  "Parameterized Services Standard".
* [[[ATSC-A81]]] ATSC A/81, July 2003:
  "ATSC Direct-to-Home Satellite Broadcast Standard".
* [[[ATSC-A90]]] ATSC A/90, October 2013:
  "ATSC Data Broadcast Standard".
* [[[AVS-TAI-109.6]]] Audio Video coding Standard Workgroup of China, T/AI 109.6-2022:
  "Information Technology - Intelligent Media Coding (AVS3) Part 6: Intelligent Media Format"
* [[[AVS-TAI-109.7]]] Audio Video coding Standard Workgroup of China, T/AI 109.7:
  "Information Technology - Intelligent Media Coding (AVS3) Part 7"
* [[[BSD-2C]]] BSD 2-Clause License, http://opensource.org/licenses/BSD-2-Clause
* [[[Dektec]]] Dektec Digital Video B.V. corporate home page, http://www.dektec.com/
* [[[Dektec-SDK]]] Dektec drivers and SDK's downloads, http://www.dektec.com/downloads/SDK/
* [[[DTG-DBOOK]]] DTG:
  "Digital Terrestrial Television; Requirements for Interoperability; The D-Book 7 Part A", V1, March 2011.
* [[[EACEM-030]]] EACEM TR 030, V1.0, February 2000:
  "Baseline Digital Terrestrial TV Receiver Specification".
* [[[ETSI-101-162]]] ETSI TR 101 162, V1.2.2, May 2003:
  "Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); Allocation of Service Information (SI) and data broadcasting codes for DVB systems".
* [[[ETSI-101-211]]] ETSI TS 101 211 V1.13.1, May 2021:
  "Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); Guidelines on implementation and usage of Service Information (SI)".
* [[[ETSI-101-812]]] ETSI TS 101 812, V1.3.2, August 2006:
  "Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); Multimedia Home Platform (MHP) Specification 1.0.3".
* [[[ETSI-102-006]]] ETSI TS 102 006, V1.4.1, June 2015:
  "Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); Specification for System Software Update in DVB Systems".
* [[[ETSI-102-323]]] ETSI TS 102 323, V1.5.1, January 2012:
  "Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); Carriage and signalling of TV-Anytime information in DVB transport streams".
* [[[ETSI-102-727]]] ETSI TS 102 727, V1.1.1, January 2010:
  "Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); Multimedia Home Platform (MHP) Specification 1.2.2".
* [[[ETSI-102-772]]] ETSI TS 102 772, V1.1.1, September 2010,
  "Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB);
  Specification of Multi-Protocol Encapsulation - inter-burst Forward Error Correction (MPE-iFEC)".
* [[[ETSI-102-773]]] ETSI TS 102 773, V1.2.1, December 2010,
  "Modulator Interface (T2-MI) for a second-generation digital terrestrial television broadcasting system (DVB-T2)".
* [[[ETSI-102-809]]] ETSI TS 102 809, V1.3.1, June 2017:
  "Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); Signalling and carriage of interactive applications and services
  in Hybrid broadcast/broadband environments" (HbbTV).
* [[[ETSI-102-825-4]]] ETSI TS 102 825-4 V1.2.2, December 2013:
  "Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); Content Protection and Copy Management (DVB-CPCM); Part 4: CPCM System Specification".
* [[[ETSI-102-825-9]]] ETSI TS 102 825-9 V1.2.1, February 2011:
  "Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); Content Protection and Copy Management (DVB-CPCM); Part 9: CPCM System Adaptation Layers".
* [[[ETSI-103-127]]] ETSI TS 103 127, V1.1.1, May 2013:
  "Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); Content Scrambling Algorithms for DVB-IPTV Services using MPEG2 Transport Streams".
* [[[ETSI-103-197]]] ETSI TS 103 197, V1.4.1, September 2004:
  "Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); Head-end implementation of DVB SimulCrypt".
* [[[ETSI-289]]] ETSI, ETR 289, October 1996:
  "Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); Support for use of scrambling and Conditional Access (CA) within digital broadcasting systems".
* [[[ETSI-300-468]]] ETSI EN 300 468, V1.16.1, August 2019:
  "Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); Specification for Service Information (SI) in DVB systems".
* [[[ETSI-301-192]]] ETSI EN 301 192, V1.6.1, August 2015:
  "Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); DVB specification for data broadcasting".
* [[[ETSI-301-210]]] ETSI EN 301 210, V1.1.1, March 1999;
  "Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); Framing structure, channel coding and modulation for
  Digital Satellite News Gathering (DSNG) and other contribution applications by satellite".
* [[[ETSI-302-755]]] ETSI EN 302 755, V1.4.1, July 2015,
  "Frame structure channel coding and modulation for a second-generation digital terrestrial television broadcasting system (DVB-T2)".
* [[[ETSI-303-560]]] ETSI EN 303 560, V1.1.1, May 2018;
  "Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); TTML subtitling systems".
* [[[ETSI-Ids]]] DVB Services; DVB Identifiers,
  https://www.dvbservices.com/identifiers/
* [[[Fransat]]] Via Eutelsat Fransat:
  "Set-Top-Box Specification DVB MPEG-4 HD", V0.0.7, October 2009.
* [[[FTV-AUS]]] Free TV Australia:
  "Operational Practice OP-41; Logical Channel Descriptor and Allocation of Logical Channel Numbers", Issue 8, July 2016.
* [[[HiDes]]] HiDes USB DVB-T modulator adaptors,
  http://www.hides.com.tw/product_cg74469_eng.html
* [[[HiDes-Drivers]]] Device drivers for HiDes modulators,
  https://github.com/tsduck/hides-drivers/
* [[[HomeBrew]]] HomeBrew, open-source package manager for macOS (or Linux), https://brew.sh/
* [[[Impleo-KLV]]] Impleo TV Systems Ltd, February 2017,
  "KLV encoded metadata in STANAG 4609 streams",
  https://impleotv.com/2017/02/17/klv-encoded-metadata-in-stanag-4609-streams/
* [[[ISO-13818-1]]] ISO/IEC 13818-1:2018 | ITU-T Recommendation H.222 (2017):
  "Generic coding of moving pictures and associated audio information: Systems" (also known as "MPEG-2 System Layer").
* [[[ISO-13818-6]]] ISO/IEC 13818-6, July 1998:
  "Digital Storage Media Command & Control" (DSM-CC).
* [[[ISO-14496-1]]] ISO/IEC 14496-1, June 2010:
  "Information technology - Coding of audio-visual objects; Part 1: Systems"
* [[[ISO-14496-3]]] ISO/IEC 14496-3, December 2019:
  "Information technology - Coding of audio-visual objects; Part 3: Audio" (MPEG-4 Audio)
* [[[ISO-23002-3]]] ISO/IEC 23002-3, October 2007:
  "Information technology - MPEG video technologies; Part 3: Representation of auxiliary video and supplemental information"
  (MPEG-C auxiliary video)
* [[[ISO-23008-3]]] ISO/IEC 23008-3, August 2022:
  "Information technology — High efficiency coding and media delivery in heterogeneous environments; Part 3: 3D audio"
  (High efficiency 3D audio):
* [[[JCTEA-003]]] JCTEA STD-003-6.1:
  "Japan Cable Television Engineering Association Standard - Service Information for Digital Cable Television"
  (Japanese version only).
* [[[LinuxTV]]] Linux TV Wiki:
  "How to install DVB device drivers",
  http://linuxtv.org/wiki/index.php/How_to_install_DVB_device_drivers
* [[[NorDig]]] NorDig:
  "Unified Requirements for Integrated Receiver Decoders for use in cable,
  satellite, terrestrial and managed IPTV based networks", V3.1.1, September 2019.
* [[[RIST]]] RIST, librist documentation,
  https://code.videolan.org/rist/librist/-/wikis/LibRIST%20Documentation
* [[[RIST-URL]]] RIST, URL syntax,
  https://code.videolan.org/rist/librist/-/wikis/risturl-Syntax-as-of-v.-0.2.0
* [[[SCTE-18]]] ANSI/SCTE 18 2007,
  "Emergency Alert Messaging for Cable".
* [[[SCTE-35]]] ANSI/SCTE 35 2017,
  "Digital Program Insertion Cueing Message for Cable".
* [[[SCTE-52]]] ANSI/SCTE 52 2018,
  "Data Encryption Standard - Cipher Block Chaining Packet Encryption Specification".
* [[[SCTE-164]]] ANSI/SCTE 164 2019,
  "Emergency Alert Metadata Descriptor".
* [[[SMPTE-2038]]] SMPTE ST 2038:2021, December 2020:
  "SMPTE Standard; Carriage of Ancillary Data Packets in an MPEG-2 Transport Stream"
* [[[SRT]]] SRT, libsrt site, https://github.com/Haivision/srt/
* [[[Suntech]]] Suntechtv U3 USB modulator (VATek-based),
  https://www.suntechtv.com/web/Home/ProductDetail?key=e593s&productId=23673
* [[[TSDuck]]] TSDuck Web site, {home}
* [[[TSDuck-Dev]]] TSDuck Developer's Guide, {home}download/docs/tsduck-dev.html
* [[[TSDuck-Issues]]] TSDuck issues tracker and discussion forum, {repo}issues
* [[[TSDuck-Prog]]] TSDuck Programming Reference, {home}doxy/
* [[[TSDuck-Streams]]] Repository of sample real-life transport streams, {home}streams
* [[[TSDuck-User]]] TSDuck User's Guide, {home}download/docs/tsduck.html
* [[[UWA]]] UHD World Association, T/UWA 005.2-1-2022
  "HDR Video Technology Part 2-1 Application Guide to System Integration".
* [[[VATek]]] Vision Advance Technology Inc (VATek) corporate home page: https://www.vatek.com.tw/
* [[[VATek-SDK]]] VATek SDK source code: https://github.com/VisionAdvanceTechnologyInc/vatek_sdk_2
* [[[VLC]]] VideoLAN VLC Media Player home page, http://www.videolan.org/vlc/
