/**********************************************************************
 * Copyright (c) 2003, 2004, froglogic Porten & Stadlbauer GbR
 * All rights reserved.
 *
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
 * are met:
 *
 *    * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
 *      notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 *
 *    * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
 *      copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following
 *      disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials
 *      provided with the distribution.
 *
 *    * Neither the name of the froglogic nor the names of its
 *      contributors may be used to endorse or promote products
 *      derived from this software without specific prior written
 *      permission.
 *
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
 * "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
 * LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS
 * FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
 * COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
 * INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
 * (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
 * SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
 * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT,
 * STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
 * ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED
 * OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 *
 **********************************************************************/

#define QT_NO_CAST_ASCII
#define QT_NO_ASCII_CAST

#include <QtCore>

#include <stdlib.h>
#include <assert.h>

#include "froggetopt.h"

/**
  \class GetOpt

  \brief A command line option parser.

  This class helps to overcome the repetitive, tedious and
  error-prone task of parsing the command line options passed to your
  application by the user. Specify the acceptable syntax with a
  minimum of statements in a readable way, check it against the
  actual arguments passed and find the retrieved values in variables
  of your program. The name \em GetOpt is based on similar utilities
  build into the Unix shell and other languages.

  A command line that a user might have entered is:

  \code
  app -v --config=my.cnf -Wall input.dat
  \endcode

  The typical usage has three stages:

  -# Construct a parser specifying what arguments to parse
  -# Set up the list of allowed and required options
  -# Run the parser

  For the first step there are three different constructors that
  either take arguments directly from \c main(), \c QApplication or a
  user specified list. Setting up the accepted syntax is done by a
  set of \c add functions like addSwitch(). The final step of running
  the parser is simply done by calling parse().

  A short example implementing a \c --verbose switch:

  \code
  int main(int argc, char **argv)
  {
  GetOpt opts(argc, argv);
  bool verbose;
  opts.addSwitch("verbose", &verbose);
  if (!opts.parse())
  return 1;
  if (verbose)
  cout << "VERBOSE mode on" << endl;
  ...
  \endcode

  For a better understanding of the function names we'll better
  define some terms used in the API and its documentation:

  - \em Argument An argument is a plain text token like e.g. a file
  name one typically passes to an editor when invoking it.
  - \em Switch A switch is an on/off kind of argument without the need
  of additional information. Example: \c --debug.
  - \em Option An option is a normally optional argument with a key-value
  syntax like \c --output=out.txt or \c -I/usr/include.
  - \em Short \em Option A short option is a one letter option with a
  preceding dash. Like \c -v.
  - \em Long \em Option A long option has a more verbose,
  multi-letter name like \c --debug.
  .

  \author froglogic GbR <contact@froglogic.com>
 */


/**
  Constructs a command line parser from the arguments stored in a
  previously created QApplication instance.

  Example usage:
  \code
  QApplication a(argc, argv);

  GetOpt opt;
  \endcode

  This constructor is probably the most convenient one to use in a
  regular Qt application. Note that QApplication may already have
  removed Qt (or X11) specific arguments. Also see
  QApplication::argv() and QApplication::argc().
 */
GetOpt::GetOpt()
{
	if ( !QCoreApplication::instance() )
		qFatal( "GetOpt: requires a QApplication instance to be constructed first" );

	init( QCoreApplication::instance()->arguments(), 1 );
}

/**
  \internal
 */
GetOpt::GetOpt( int offset )
{
	if ( !QCoreApplication::instance() )
		qFatal( "GetOpt: requires a QApplication instance to be constructed first" );

	init( QCoreApplication::instance()->arguments(), offset );
}

/**
  Construct a command line parser from the array \a argv of string
  pointers with the size \a argc. Those parameters have the form
  typically found in the \c main() function. That means that you can
  simply pass on the arguments specified by the user of your
  application.

  Example usage:

  \code
  int main(int argc, char **argv) {
  GetOpt opt(argc, argv);
  ...
  }
  \endcode
 */
GetOpt::GetOpt( int argc, char *argv[] )
{
	init( argc, argv );
}

/**
  Construct a command line parser from the arguments specified in the
  list of arguments \a a. This constructor is convenient in those
  cases where you want to parse a command line assembled on-the-fly
  instead of relying on the \c argc and \c arg parameters passed to
  the \c main() function.
 */
	GetOpt::GetOpt( const QStringList &a )
: args( a )
{
	init( 0, 0 );
}

void GetOpt::init( const QStringList &argv, int offset )
{
    numReqArgs = numOptArgs = 0;
    currArg = 1; // appname is not part of the arguments

    // application name
    aname = QFileInfo( argv[0] ).fileName();

    for ( int i = offset; i < argv.size(); ++i )
        args.append( argv[i] );
}

/**
  \internal
 */
void GetOpt::init( int argc, char *argv[], int offset )
{
	numReqArgs = numOptArgs = 0;
	currArg = 1; // appname is not part of the arguments
	if ( argc ) {
		// application name
		aname = QFileInfo( QString::fromUtf8( argv[0] ) ).fileName();
		// arguments
		for ( int i = offset; i < argc; ++i )
			args.append( QString::fromUtf8( argv[i] ) );
	}
}

/**
  \fn bool GetOpt::parse()

  Parse the command line arguments specified in the constructor under
  the conditions set by the various \c add*() functions. On success,
  the given variable reference will be initialized with their
  respective values and true will be returned. Returns false
  otherwise.

  In the future there'll be a way to retrieve an error message. In
  the current version the message will be printed to \c stderr.
 */

/**
  \internal
 */
bool GetOpt::parse( bool untilFirstSwitchOnly )
{
	//    qDebug( "parse(%s)", args.join( QString( "," ) ).toLocal8Bit().constData() );
	// push all arguments as we got them on a stack
	// more pushes might following when parsing condensed arguments
	// like --key=value.
	QStack<QString> stack;

	if (!args.empty())
	{
		QStringList::const_iterator it = args.end();
		while ( it != args.begin() ) {
			--it;
			stack.push( *it );
		}
	}

	const OptionConstIterator obegin = options.begin();
	const OptionConstIterator oend = options.end();
	enum { StartState, ExpectingState, OptionalState } state = StartState;
	Option currOpt;
	enum TokenType { LongOpt, ShortOpt, Arg, End } t, currType = End;
	bool extraLoop = true; // we'll do an extra round. fake an End argument
	while ( !stack.isEmpty() || extraLoop ) {
		QString a;
		QString origA;
		// identify argument type
		if ( !stack.isEmpty() ) {
			a = stack.pop();
			currArg++;
			origA = a;
			//	    qDebug( "popped %s", a.toLocal8Bit().constData() );
			if ( a.startsWith( QString::fromLatin1( "--" ) ) ) {
				// recognized long option
				a = a.mid( 2 );
				if ( a.isEmpty() ) {
					qWarning( "'--' feature not supported, yet" );
					exit( 2 );
				}
				t = LongOpt;
				// split key=value style arguments
				int equal = a.indexOf( '=' );
				if ( equal >= 0 ) {
					stack.push( a.mid( equal + 1 ) );
					currArg--;
					a = a.left( equal );
				}
			} else if ( a.length() == 1 ) {
				t = Arg;
			} else if ( a[0] == '-' ) {
#if 0 // compat mode for -long style options
				if ( a.length() == 2 ) {
					t = ShortOpt;
					a = a[1];
				} else {
					a = a.mid( 1 );
					t = LongOpt;
					// split key=value style arguments
					int equal = a.find( '=' );
					if ( equal >= 0 ) {
						stack.push( a.mid( equal + 1 ) );
						currArg--;
						a = a.left( equal );
					}
				}
#else
				// short option
				t = ShortOpt;
				// followed by an argument ? push it for later processing.
				if ( a.length() > 2 ) {
					stack.push( a.mid( 2 ) );
					currArg--;
				}
				a = a[1];
#endif
			} else {
				t = Arg;
			}
		} else {
			// faked closing argument
			t = End;
		}
		// look up among known list of options
		Option opt;
		if ( t != End ) {
			OptionConstIterator oit = obegin;
			while ( oit != oend ) {
				const Option &o = *oit;
				if ( ( t == LongOpt && a == o.lname ) || // ### check state
						( t == ShortOpt && a[0].unicode() == o.sname ) ) {
					opt = o;
					break;
				}
				++oit;
			}
			if ( t == LongOpt && opt.type == OUnknown ) {
				if ( currOpt.type != OVarLen ) {
					qWarning( "Unknown option --%s", a.toLocal8Bit().constData() );
					return false;
				} else {
					// VarLength options support arguments starting with '-'
					t = Arg;
				}
			} else if ( t == ShortOpt && opt.type == OUnknown ) {
				if ( currOpt.type != OVarLen ) {
					qWarning( "Unknown option -%c", a[0].unicode() );
					return false;
				} else {
					// VarLength options support arguments starting with '-'
					t = Arg;
				}
			}

		} else {
			opt = Option( OEnd );
		}

		// interpret result
		switch ( state ) {
			case StartState:
				if ( opt.type == OSwitch ) {
					setSwitch( opt );
					setOptions.insert( opt.lname, 1 );
					setOptions.insert( QString( QChar( opt.sname ) ), 1 );
				} else if ( opt.type == OArg1 || opt.type == ORepeat ) {
					state = ExpectingState;
					currOpt = opt;
					currType = t;
					setOptions.insert( opt.lname, 1 );
					setOptions.insert( QString( QChar( opt.sname ) ), 1 );
				} else if ( opt.type == OOpt || opt.type == OVarLen ) {
					state = OptionalState;
					currOpt = opt;
					currType = t;
					setOptions.insert( opt.lname, 1 );
					setOptions.insert( QString( QChar( opt.sname ) ), 1 );
				} else if ( opt.type == OEnd ) {
					// we're done
				} else if ( opt.type == OUnknown && t == Arg ) {
					if ( numReqArgs > 0 ) {
						if ( reqArg.stringValue->isNull() ) { // ###
							*reqArg.stringValue = a;
						} else {
							qWarning( "Too many arguments" );
							return false;
						}
					} else if ( numOptArgs > 0 ) {
						if ( optArg.stringValue->isNull() ) { // ###
							*optArg.stringValue = a;
						} else {
							qWarning( "Too many arguments" );
							return false;
						}
					}
				} else {
					qFatal( "unhandled StartState case %d",  opt.type );
				}
				break;
			case ExpectingState:
				if ( t == Arg ) {
					if ( currOpt.type == OArg1 ) {
						*currOpt.stringValue = a;
						state = StartState;
					} else if ( currOpt.type == ORepeat ) {
						currOpt.listValue->append( a );
						state = StartState;
					} else {
						abort();
					}
				} else {
					QString n = currType == LongOpt ?
						currOpt.lname : QString( QChar( currOpt.sname ) );
					qWarning( "Expected an argument after '%s' option", n.toLocal8Bit().constData() );
					return false;
				}
				break;
			case OptionalState:
				if ( t == Arg ) {
					if ( currOpt.type == OOpt ) {
						*currOpt.stringValue = a;
						state = StartState;
					} else if ( currOpt.type == OVarLen ) {
						currOpt.listValue->append( origA );
						// remain in this state
					} else {
						abort();
					}
				} else {
					// optional argument not specified
					if ( currOpt.type == OOpt )
						*currOpt.stringValue = currOpt.def;
					if ( t != End ) {
						// re-evaluate current argument
						stack.push( origA );
						currArg--;
					}
					state = StartState;
				}
				break;
		}

		if ( untilFirstSwitchOnly && opt.type == OSwitch )
			return true;

		// are we in the extra loop ? if so, flag the final end
		if ( t == End )
			extraLoop = false;
	}

	if ( numReqArgs > 0 && reqArg.stringValue->isNull() ) {
		qWarning( "Lacking required argument" );
		return false;
	}

	return true;
}

/**
  \internal
 */
void GetOpt::addOption( Option o )
{
	// ### check for conflicts
	options.append( o );
}

/**
  Adds a switch with the long name \a lname. If the switch is found
  during parsing the bool \a *b will bet set to true. Otherwise the
  bool will be initialized to false.

Example:

\code
GetOpt opt;
bool verbose;
opt.addSwitch("verbose", &verbose);
\endcode

The boolean flag \c verbose will be set to true if \c --verbose has
been specified in the command line; false otherwise.
 */
void GetOpt::addSwitch( const QString &lname, bool *b )
{
	Option opt( OSwitch, 0, lname );
	opt.boolValue = b;
	addOption( opt );
	// ### could do all inits at the beginning of parse()
	*b = false;
}

/**
  \internal
 */
void GetOpt::setSwitch( const Option &o )
{
	assert( o.type == OSwitch );
	*o.boolValue = true;
}

/**
  Registers an option with the short name \a s and long name \a l to
  the parser. If this option is found during parsing the value will
  be stored in the string pointed to by \a v. By default \a *v will
  be initialized to \c QString().
 */
void GetOpt::addOption( char s, const QString &l, QString *v )
{
	Option opt( OArg1, s, l );
	opt.stringValue = v;
	addOption( opt );
	*v = QString();
}

/**
  Registers a long option \a l that can have a variable number of
  corresponding value parameters. As there currently is no way to
  tell the end of the value list the only sensible use of this option
  is at the end of the command line.

Example:

\code
QStringList args;
opt.addVarLengthOption("exec", &args);
\endcode

Above code will lead to "-f" and "test.txt" being stored in \a args
upon

\code
myapp --exec otherapp -f test.txt
\endcode
 */
void GetOpt::addVarLengthOption( const QString &l, QStringList *v )
{
	Option opt( OVarLen, 0, l );
	opt.listValue = v;
	addOption( opt );
	*v = QStringList();
}

/**
  Registers an option with the short name \a s that can be specified
  repeatedly in the command line. The option values will be stored in
  the list pointed to by \a v. If no \a s option is found \a *v will
  remain at its default value of an empty QStringList instance.

Example:

To parse the \c -I options in a command line like
\code
myapp -I/usr/include -I/usr/local/include
\endcode

you can use code like this:

\code
GetOpt opt;
QStringList includes;
opt.addRepeatableOption('I', &includes);
opt.parse();
\endcode
 */
void GetOpt::addRepeatableOption( char s, QStringList *v )
{
	Option opt( ORepeat, s, QString() );
	opt.listValue = v;
	addOption( opt );
	*v = QStringList();
}

/**
  Registers an option with the long name \a l that can be specified
  repeatedly in the command line.

  \sa addRepeatableOption( char, QStringList* )
 */
void GetOpt::addRepeatableOption( const QString &l, QStringList *v )
{
	Option opt( ORepeat, 0, l );
	opt.listValue = v;
	addOption( opt );
	*v = QStringList();
}

/**
  Adds a long option \a l that has an optional value parameter. If
  the value is not specified by the user it will be set to \a def.

Example:

\code
GetOpt opt;
QString file;
opt.addOptionalOption("dump", &file, "<stdout>");
\endcode

\sa addOption
 */
void GetOpt::addOptionalOption( const QString &l, QString *v,
		const QString &def )
{
	addOptionalOption( 0, l, v, def );
}

/**
  Adds a short option \a s that has an optional value parameter. If
  the value is not specified by the user it will be set to \a def.
 */
void GetOpt::addOptionalOption( char s, const QString &l,
		QString *v, const QString &def )
{
	Option opt( OOpt, s, l );
	opt.stringValue = v;
	opt.def = def;
	addOption( opt );
	*v = QString();
}

/**
  Registers a required command line argument \a name. If the argument
  is missing parse() will return false to indicate an error and \a *v
  will remain with its default QString() value. Otherwise \a *v
  will be set to the value of the argument.

Example:

To accept simple arguments like

\code
myeditor letter.txt
\endcode

use a call like:

\code
QString &file;
opt.addArgument("file", &file);
\endcode

Note: the \a name parameter has a rather descriptive meaning for
now. It might be used for generating a usage or error message in
the future. Right now, the only current use is in relation with the
isSet() function.
 */
void GetOpt::addArgument( const QString &name, QString *v )
{
	Option opt( OUnknown, 0, name );
	opt.stringValue = v;
	reqArg = opt;
	++numReqArgs;
	*v = QString();
}

/**
  Registers an optional command line argument \a name. For a more
  detailed description see the addArgument() documentation.

 */
void GetOpt::addOptionalArgument( const QString &name, QString *v )
{
	Option opt( OUnknown, 0, name );
	opt.stringValue = v;
	optArg = opt;
	++numOptArgs;
	*v = QString();
}

/**
  Returns true if the (long) option or switch \a name has been found
  in the command line; returns false otherwise. Leading hyphens are
  not part of the name.

  As the set/not set decision can also be made depending on the value
  of the variable reference used in the respective \c add*() call
  there's generally little use for this function.
 */

bool GetOpt::isSet( const QString &name ) const
{
	return setOptions.find( name ) != setOptions.end();
}

/**
  \fn int GetOpt::currentArgument() const
  \internal
 */
