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## 4.5.1 Using tar

The `tar` command is most often used to archive files.

The format of the `tar` command is

`tar ...`

where is the list of commands and options for `tar`, and through is the list of files to add or extract from the archive.

For example, the command

`# tar cvf backup.tar /etc`

would pack all of the files in `/etc` into the tar archive `backup.tar`. The first argument to `tar`---```cvf`''---is the `tar` ``command''. ```c`'' tells `tar` to create a new archive file. The ```v`'' option forces `tar` into verbose mode---printing each filename as it is archived. The ```f`'' option tells `tar` that the next argument---`backup.tar`---is the name of the archive to create. The rest of the arguments to `tar` are the file and directory names to add to the archive.

The command

`# tar xvf backup.tar`

will extract the tar file `backup.tar` in the current directory. This can sometimes be dangerous---when extracting files from a tar file, old files are overwritten.

Furthermore, before extracting tar files it is important to know where the files should be unpacked. For example, let's say you archived the following files: `/etc/hosts`, `/etc/group`, and `/etc/passwd`. If you use the command

`# tar cvf backup.tar /etc/hosts /etc/group /etc/passwd`

the directory name `/etc/` is added to the beginning of each filename. In order to extract the files to the correct location, you would need to use the following commands:

`# cd /
# tar xvf backup.tar`

because files are extracted with the pathname saved in the archive file.

If, however, you archived the files with the command

`# cd /etc
# tar cvf hosts group passwd`

the directory name is not saved in the archive file. Therefore, you would need to ```cd /etc`'' before extracting the files. As you can see, how the tar file is created makes a large difference in where you extract it. The command

`# tar tvf backup.tar`

may be used to display an ``index'' of the tar file before unpacking it. In this way you can see what directory the filenames in the archive are stored relative to, and can extract the archive from the correct location.

Next: 4.5.2 gzip and compress Up: 4.5 Archiving and Compressing Previous: 4.5 Archiving and Compressing