Next: 3.12.11 Getting help Up: 3.12 Using the vi Previous: 3.12.9 Including other files

## 3.12.10 Running shell commands

You can also run shell commands from within `vi`. The `:r!` command works like `:r`, but instead of reading a file, it inserts the output of the given command into the buffer at the current cursor location. For example, if you use the command

`:r! ls -F`

you'll end up with

``

You can also ``shell out'' of `vi`, in other words, run a command from within `vi`, and return to the editor when you're done. For example, if you use the command

`:! ls -F`

the `ls -F` command will be executed, and the results displayed on the screen, but not inserted into the file which you're editing. If you use the command

`:shell`

`vi` will start an instance of the shell, allowing you to temporarily put vi ``on hold'' while you execute other commands. Just logout of the shell (using the `exit` command) to return to `vi`.

Next: 3.12.11 Getting help Up: 3.12 Using the vi Previous: 3.12.9 Including other files