TELNET(1)

NAME
telnet - User interface to the TELNET protocol

SYNOPSIS
telnet [-8] [-E] [-K] [-L] [-X atype] [-a] [-c] [-d] [-e escapechar] [-k realm] [-l user] [-n tracefile] [-r] [-x] host [port]

DESCRIPTION
The telnet command is used to communicate with another host using the TELNET protocol. If telnet is invoked without the host argument, it enters command mode, indicated by its prompt (telnet>). In this mode, it accepts and executes the commands listed below. If it is invoked with arguments, it performs an open command with those arguments.

Options: Use an eight bit data path. This will cause an attempt to negotiate the BINARY option on both input and output. The -E option stops any character from being recognized as an escape character. Do not attempt to do automatic login to the remote system. Use an eight bit data path on output. This causes the BINARY option to be negotiated on output. atype Disable the atype type of authentication. Attempt automatic login. Currently, this sends the user name via the USER variable of the ENVIRON option if supported by the remote system. The name used is that of the current user as returned by getlogin(2) if it agrees with the current user ID, otherwise it is the name associated with the user ID. The -c flag disables the reading of the users .telnetrc. (See the toggle skiprc command below.) Sets the initial value of the debug toggle to TRUE escape char Sets the initial telnet escape character to escape char. If escape char is ommitted, then there will be no escape character. realm If Kerberos authentication is being used, the -k option requests that telnet obtain tickets for the remote host in realm realm instead of the remote host's realm as determined by krb_realmofhost(3). user When connecting to the remote system, if the remote system understands the ENVIRON option, then user will be sent to the remote system as the value for the variable USER. This option implies the -a option. This option may also be used with the open command. tracefile Opens tracefile for recording trace information. See the set tracefile command below. Use a user interface similar to rlogin(1). In this mode, the escape character is set to the tilde (``~'') character, unless modified by the -e flag. Turn on encryption of the data stream, if possible. Indicates the official name, an alias, or the Internet address of a remote host. Indicates a port number (address of an application) or name. If a number is not specified, the default telnet port is used. Port names are mapped to port numbers via the /etc/services file. Normally when a port number is specified, telnet will not send out any initial TELNET option negotiation. If the port number/name is preceded by a minus sign, then the initial TELNET option negotiation will be sent.

When in rlogin mode, a line of the form ``~.'' disconnects from the remote host, where ``~'' is the telnet escape character. Similarly, the line ``~^Z'' will suspend the telnet session. The line ``~^]'' will escape to the normal telnet escape prompt.

Once a connection has been opened, telnet will attempt to enable the TELNET LINEMODE option. If this fails, then telnet will revert to one of two input modes: either character at a time or old line by line depending on what the remote system supports.

When LINEMODE is enabled, character processing is done on the local system, under the control of the remote system. When input editing or character echoing is to be disabled, the remote system will relay that information. The remote system will also relay changes to any special characters that happen on the remote system, so that they can take effect on the local system.

In character at a time mode, most text typed is immediately sent to the remote host for processing.

In old line by line mode, all text is echoed locally, and (normally) only completed lines are sent to the remote host. The local echo character (initially ^E) may be used to turn off and on the local echo (this would mostly be used to enter passwords without the password being echoed).

If the LINEMODE option is enabled, or if the localchars toggle is TRUE (the default for old line by line; see below), the user's quit, intr, and flush characters are trapped locally, and sent as TELNET protocol sequences to the remote side. If LINEMODE has ever been enabled, then the user's susp and eof are also sent as TELNET protocol sequences, and quit is sent as a TELNET ABORT instead of BREAK There are options (see toggle autoflush and toggle autosynch below) which cause this action to flush subsequent output to the terminal (until the remote host acknowledges the TELNET sequence) and flush previous terminal input (in the case of quit and intr).

While connected to a remote host, telnet command mode may be entered by typing the telnet escape character (initially ^ ). When in command mode, the normal terminal editing conventions are available.

The following telnet commands are available. Only enough of each command to uniquely identify it need be typed (this is also true for most of the arguments to the commands).

arguments... The auth command is used to manipulate the the information that my be sent through the TELNET AUTHENTICATE option.
Valid arguments for the auth command are: type Disable the specified type of authentication. A list of available types can be gotten by doing an auth disable? command. type Enable the specified type of authentication. A list of available types can be gotten by doing an auth enable? command. List the current status of the various types of authentication. Close a TELNET session and return to command mode. argument ... Displays all, or some, of the set and toggle values (see below). arguments... The encrypt command is used to manipulate the the information that my be sent through the TELNET ENCRYPT option.
Valid arguments for the encrypt command are: type [input|output] Disable the specified type of encryption. If the [input] or [output] is not specified, both input and output will be disabled. A list of available types can be gotten by doing an encrypt disable? command. type [input|output] Enable the specified type of encryption. If [input] or [output] is not specified, both input and output will be enabled. A list of available types can be gotten by doing an encrypt enable? command. type Set the default type of encryption to be used with later encrypt start or encrypt stop commands. [input|output] Attempt to start encryption. If [input] or [output] is not specified, encryption of both input and output will be attempted. The encrypt type command must have been used to set the encryption type. [input|output] Stop encryption. If [input] or [output] is not specified, encryption will be stopped on both input and output. This is the same as the encrypt start input command. This is the same as the encrypt stop input command. This is the same as the encrypt start output command. This is the same as the encrypt stop output command. List the current status of encryption. arguments... The environ command is used to manipulate the the variables that my be sent through the TELNET ENVIRON option. The initial set of variables is taken from the users environment, with only the DISPLAY and PRINTER variables being exported by default. The USER variable is also exported if the -a or -l options are used.
Valid arguments for the environ command are: variable value Define the variable variable to have a value of value. Any variables defined by this command are automatically exported. The value may be enclosed in single or double quotes so that tabs and spaces may be included. variable Remove variable from the list of environment variables. variable Mark the variable variable to be exported to the remote side. variable Mark the variable variable to not be exported unless explicitly asked for by the remote side. List the current set of environment variables. Those marked with a * will be sent automatically, other variables will only be sent if explicitly requested. Prints out help information for the environ command. Send the TELNET LOGOUT option to the remote side. This is similar to doing a close command, however if the remote side does not support the LOGOUT option, then nothing will happen. If, however, the remote side does support the LOGOUT option, then this command should cause the remote side to close the TELNET connection. In addition, if the remote side supports the concept of suspending a users session for later re-attachement, the LOGOUT option indicates that the session should be terminated immediately. type Type is one of several options, depending on the state of the TELNET session. The remote host is asked for permission to go into the requested mode. If the remote host is capable of entering that mode, the requested mode will be entered. Disable the TELNET LINEMODE option, or, if the remote side does not understand the LINEMODE option, then enter character at a time mode. Enable the TELNET LINEMODE option, or, if the remote side does not understand the LINEMODE option, then attempt to enter old-line-by-line mode. (-isig) Attempt to enable (disable) the TRAPSIG mode of the LINEMODE option. This requires that the LINEMODE option be enabled. (-edit) Attempt to enable (disable) the EDIT mode of the LINEMODE option. This requires that the LINEMODE option be enabled. (-softtabs) Attempt to enable (disable) the SOFT_TAB mode of the LINEMODE option. This requires that the LINEMODE option be enabled. (-litecho) Attempt to enable (disable) the LIT_ECHO mode of the LINEMODE option. This requires that the LINEMODE option be enabled. Prints out help information for the mode command. host [-l] user [-] port Open a connection to the named host. If no port number is specified, telnet will attempt to contact a TELNET server at the default port. The host specification may be either a host name (see hosts(5)) or an Internet address specified in the dot notation (see inet(3)). The [-l] option may be used to specify the user name to be passed to the remote system via the ENVIRON option. When connecting to a non-standard port, telnet omits any automatic initiation of TELNET options. When the port number is preceded by a minus sign, the initial option negotiation is done. After establishing a connection, if the skiprc variable is not enabled (see the toggle skiprc command below), the file .telnetrc in the users home directory is opened. Lines beginning with a # are comment lines. Blank lines are ignored. Lines that begin without whitespace are the start of a machine entry. The first thing on the line is the name of the machine that is being connected to. The rest of the line, and successive lines that begin with whitespace are assumed to be telnet commands and are processed as if they had been typed in manually to the telnet command prompt. The special machine name DEFAULT is used to specify commands that should be executed for all machines. There may be more than one entry for a machine; all matches will the specified machine name will be executed. Close any open TELNET session and exit telnet. An end of file (in command mode) will also close a session and exit. arguments Sends one or more special character sequences to the remote host. The following are the arguments which may be specified (more than one argument may be specified at a time):

Sends the TELNET ABORT (ABORT processes) sequence. Sends the TELNET AO (Abort Output) sequence, which should cause the remote system to flush all output from the remote system to the user's terminal. Sends the TELNET AYT (Are You There) sequence, to which the remote system may or may not choose to respond. Sends the TELNET BRK (Break) sequence, which may have significance to the remote system. Sends the TELNET EC (Erase Character) sequence, which should cause the remote system to erase the last character entered. Sends the TELNET EL (Erase Line) sequence, which should cause the remote system to erase the line currently being entered. Sends the TELNET EOF (End Of File) sequence. Sends the TELNET EOR (End of Record) sequence. Sends the current telnet escape character (initially ^). Sends the TELNET GA (Go Ahead) sequence, which likely has no significance to the remote system. If the remote side supports the TELNET STATUS command, getstatus will send the subnegotiation to request that the server send its current option status. Sends the TELNET IP (Interrupt Process) sequence, which should cause the remote system to abort the currently running process. Sends the TELNET NOP (No OPeration) sequence. Sends the TELNET SUSP (SUSPend process) sequence. Sends the TELNET SYNCH sequence. This sequence causes the remote system to discard all previously typed (but not yet read) input. This sequence is sent as TCP urgent data (and may not work if the remote system is a 4.2 BSD system -- if it doesn't work, a lower case r may be echoed on the terminal). Prints out help information for the send command. argument value argument value The set command will set any one of a number of telnet variables to a specific value or to TRUE. The special value off turns off the function associated with the variable, this is equivalent to using the unset command. The unset command will disable or set to FALSE any of the specified functions. The values of variables may be interrogated with the display command. The variables which may be set or unset, but not toggled, are listed here. In addition, any of the variables for the toggle command may be explicitly set or unset using the set and unset commands. If telnet is in localchars mode, or LINEMODE is enabled, and the status character is typed, a TELNET AYT sequence (see send ayt above) is sent to the remote host. The initial value for the ayt character is taken to be the terminal's status character. This is the value (initially ^E) which, when in line by line mode, toggles between doing local echoing of entered characters (for normal processing), and suppressing echoing of entered characters (for entering, say, a password). If telnet is operating in LINEMODE or old line by line mode, entering this character as the first character on a line will cause this character to be sent to the remote system. The initial value of the eof character is taken to be the terminal's eof character. If telnet is in localchars mode (see toggle localchars below), and if telnet is operating in character at a time mode, then when this character is typed, a TELNET EC sequence (see send ec above) is sent to the remote system. The initial value for the erase character is taken to be the terminal's erase character. This is the telnet escape character (initially ^[) which causes entry into telnet command mode (when connected to a remote system). If telnet is in localchars mode (see toggle localchars below) and the flushoutput character is typed, a TELNET AO sequence (see send ao above) is sent to the remote host. The initial value for the flush character is taken to be the terminal's flush character. If telnet is operating in LINEMODE, these are the characters that, when typed, cause partial lines to be forwarded to the remote system. The initial value for the forw1 and forw2 characters are taken from the terminal's eol and eol2 characters. If telnet is in localchars mode (see toggle localchars below) and the interrupt character is typed, a TELNET IP sequence (see send ip above) is sent to the remote host. The initial value for the interrupt character is taken to be the terminal's intr character. If telnet is in localchars mode (see toggle localchars below), and if telnet is operating in character at a time mode, then when this character is typed, a TELNET EL sequence (see send el above) is sent to the remote system. The initial value for the kill character is taken to be the terminal's kill character. If telnet is operating in LINEMODE or old line by line mode, then this character is taken to be the terminal's lnext character. The initial value for the lnext character is taken to be the terminal's lnext character. If telnet is in localchars mode (see toggle localchars below) and the quit character is typed, a TELNET BRK sequence (see send brk above) is sent to the remote host. The initial value for the quit character is taken to be the terminal's quit character. If telnet is operating in LINEMODE or old line by line mode, then this character is taken to be the terminal's reprint character. The initial value for the reprint character is taken to be the terminal's reprint character. This is the rlogin escape character. If set, the normal telnet escape character will be ignored unless it is preceded by this character at the beginning of a line. This character, at the beginning of a line, followed by a ``.'' will close the connection; when followed by a ``^Z'' it will suspend the telnet command. The initial state is to have the rlogin escape character disabled. If the TELNET TOGGLE-FLOW-CONTROL option has been enabled, then this character is taken to be the terminal's start character. The initial value for the kill character is taken to be the terminal's start character. If the TELNET TOGGLE-FLOW-CONTROL option has been enabled, then this character is taken to be the terminal's stop character. The initial value for the kill character is taken to be the terminal's stop character. If telnet is in localchars mode, or LINEMODE is enabled, and the suspend character is typed, a TELNET SUSP sequence (see send susp above) is sent to the remote host. The initial value for the suspend character is taken to be the terminal's suspend character. This is the file to which the output, caused by netdata, termdata, or option tracing being TRUE, will be written. If it is set to “-”, then tracing information will be written to standard output (the default). If telnet is operating in LINEMODE or old line by line mode, then this character is taken to be the terminal's worderase character. The initial value for the worderase character is taken to be the terminal's worderase character. Displays the legal set (unset) commands. state The slc command (Set Local Characters) is used to set or change the state of the the special characters when the TELNET LINEMODE option has been enabled. Special characters are characters that get mapped to TELNET commands sequences (like ip or quit) or line editing characters (like erase and kill). By default, the local special characters are exported. Switch to the local defaults for the special characters. The local default characters are those of the local terminal at the time when telnet was started. Switch to the remote defaults for the special characters. The remote default characters are those of the remote system at the time when the TELNET connection was established. Verify the current settings for the current special characters. The remote side is requested to send all the current special character settings, and if there are any discrepancies with the local side, the local side will switch to the remote value. Prints out help information for the slc command. Show the current status of telnet. This includes the peer one is connected to, as well as the current mode. arguments ... Toggle (between TRUE and FALSE) various flags that control how telnet responds to events. These flags may be set explicitly to TRUE or FALSE using the set and unset commands listed above. More than one argument may be specified. The state of these flags may be interrogated with the display command. Valid arguments are: Turn on debugging information for the authentication code. If autoflush and localchars are both TRUE, then when the ao, or quit characters are recognized (and transformed into TELNET sequences; see set above for details), telnet refuses to display any data on the user's terminal until the remote system acknowledges (via a TELNET TIMING MARK option) that it has processed those TELNET sequences. The initial value for this toggle is TRUE if the terminal user had not done an "stty noflsh", otherwise FALSE (see stty(1)). When the TELNET ENCRYPTION option is negotiated, by default the actual encryption (decryption) of the data stream does not automatically start. The autoencrypt (autodecrypt) command states that encryption of the output (input) stream should be enabled as soon as possible. If the TELNET AUTHENTICATION option is supported by the remote side, then telnet will attempt to use it to perform automatic authentication. If the AUTHENTICATION option is not supported, then the users login name will be propagated via the TELNET ENVIRON option. This command is the same as specifying -a option on the open command. If autosynch and localchars are both TRUE, then when either the intr or quit characters is typed (see set above for descriptions of the intr and quit characters), the resulting TELNET sequence sent is followed by the TELNET SYNCH sequence. This procedure should cause the remote system to begin throwing away all previously typed input until both of the TELNET sequences have been read and acted upon. The initial value of this toggle is FALSE. Enable or disable the TELNET BINARY option on both input and output. Enable or disable the TELNET BINARY option on input. Enable or disable the TELNET BINARY option on output. If this is TRUE, then carriage returns will be sent as <CR><LF>. If this is FALSE, then carriage returns will be send as <CR><NUL>. The initial value for this toggle is FALSE. Toggle carriage return mode. When this mode is enabled, most carriage return characters received from the remote host will be mapped into a carriage return followed by a line feed. This mode does not affect those characters typed by the user, only those received from the remote host. This mode is not very useful unless the remote host only sends carriage return, but never line feed. The initial value for this toggle is FALSE. Toggles socket level debugging (useful only to the super user). The initial value for this toggle is FALSE. Turn on debugging information for the encryption code. If this is TRUE, then the flush, interrupt, quit, erase, and kill characters (see set above) are recognized locally, and transformed into (hopefully) appropriate TELNET control sequences (respectively ao, ip, brk, ec, and el; see send above). The initial value for this toggle is TRUE in old line by line mode, and FALSE in character at a time mode. When the LINEMODE option is enabled, the value of localchars is ignored, and assumed to always be TRUE. If LINEMODE has ever been enabled, then quit is sent as abort, and eof and are sent as eof and susp, see send above). Toggles the display of all network data (in hexadecimal format). The initial value for this toggle is FALSE. Toggles the display of some internal telnet protocol processing (having to do with TELNET options). The initial value for this toggle is FALSE. When the netdata or termdata toggle is enabled, if prettydump is enabled the output from the netdata and termdata command will be formated in a more user readable format. Spaces are put between each character in the output, and the beginning of any TELNET escape sequence is preceded by a '*' to aid in locating them. When the skiprc toggle is TRUE, then telnet will skip the reading of the .telnetrc file in the users home directory when connections are opened. The initial value for this toggle is FALSE. Toggles the display of all terminal data (in hexadecimal format). The initial value for this toggle is FALSE. When the verbose_encrypt toggle is TRUE, then telnet will print out a message each time encryption is enabled or disabled. The initial value for this toggle is FALSE. Displays the legal toggle commands. Suspend telnet. This command only works when the user is using the csh(1). [command] Execute a single command in a subshell on the local system. If command is omitted, then an interactive subshell is invoked. [command] Get help. With no arguments, telnet prints a help summary. If a command is specified, telnet will print the help information for just that command.

ENVIRONMENT
Telnet uses at least the HOME, SHELL, DISPLAY, and TERM environment variables. Other environment variables may be propagated to the other side via the TELNET ENVIRON option.

FILES
user customized telnet startup values

HISTORY
Telnet appeared in 4.2 BSD.

NOTES

On some remote systems, echo has to be turned off manually when in old line by line mode.

In old line by line mode or LINEMODE the terminal's eof character is only recognized (and sent to the remote system) when it is the first character on a line.