Configuring init to start getty: the /etc/inittab file

The Linux System Administrators' Guide
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# Configuring init to start getty: the `/etc/inittab` file

When it starts up, init reads the `/etc/inittab` configuration file. While the system is running, it will re-read it, if sent the HUP signal; [1] this feature makes it unnecessary to boot the system to make changes to the init configuration take effect.

The `/etc/inittab` file is a bit complicated. We'll start with the simple case of configuring getty lines. Lines in `/etc/inittab` consist of four colon-delimited fields:

    id:runlevels:action:process

The fields are described below. In addition, `/etc/inittab` can contain empty lines, and lines that begin with a number sign (``#`'); these are both ignored.

id

  This identifies the line in the file. For getty lines, it specifies the terminal it runs on (the characters after `/dev/tty` in the device file name). For other lines, it doesn't matter (except for length restrictions), but it should be unique.

runlevels

  The run levels the line should be considered for. The run levels are given as single digits, without delimiters. (Run levels are described in the next section.)

action

  What action should be taken by the line, e.g., `respawn` to run the command in the next field again, when it exits, or `once` to run it just once.

process

  The command to run.

To start a getty on the first virtual terminal (`/dev/tty1`}), in all the normal multi-user run levels (2-5), one would write the following line:

    1:2345:respawn:/sbin/getty 9600 tty1

The first field says that this is the line for `/dev/tty1`. The second field says that it applies to run levels 2, 3, 4, and 5. The third field means that the command should be run again, after it exits (so that one can log in, log out, and then log in again). The last field is the command that runs getty on the first virtual terminal. [2]

If you wanted to add terminals or dial-in modem lines to a system, you'd add more lines to `/etc/inittab`, one for each terminal or dial-in line. For more details, see the manual pages init, `inittab`, and getty.

If a command fails when it starts, and init is configured to `restart` it, it will use a lot of system resources: init starts it, it fails, init starts it, it fails, init starts it, it fails, and so on, ad infinitum. To prevent this, init will keep track of how often it restarts a command, and if the frequency grows to high, it will delay for five minutes before restarting again.

### Notes

[1] | Using the command kill -HUP 1 as root, for example
[2] | Different versions of getty are run differently. Consult your manual page, and make sure it is the correct manual page.

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