# Transliterator Class Reference

`Transliterator` is an abstract class that transliterates text from one format to another. More...

`#include <translit.h>`

Inheritance diagram for Transliterator:

## Data Structures
union | Token
| A context integer or pointer for a factory function, passed by value. More...
## Public Types
typedef Transliterator *(* | Factory )(const UnicodeString &ID, Token context)
| A function that creates and returns a Transliterator.
## Public Member Functions
virtual | ~Transliterator ()
| Destructor.
virtual Transliterator * | clone () const
| Implements Cloneable.
virtual int32_t | transliterate (Replaceable &text, int32_t start, int32_t limit) const
| Transliterates a segment of a string, with optional filtering.
virtual void | transliterate (Replaceable &text) const
| Transliterates an entire string in place.
virtual void | transliterate (Replaceable &text, UTransPosition &index, const UnicodeString &insertion, UErrorCode &status) const
| Transliterates the portion of the text buffer that can be transliterated unambiguosly after new text has been inserted, typically as a result of a keyboard event.
virtual void | transliterate (Replaceable &text, UTransPosition &index, UChar32 insertion, UErrorCode &status) const
| Transliterates the portion of the text buffer that can be transliterated unambiguosly after a new character has been inserted, typically as a result of a keyboard event.
virtual void | transliterate (Replaceable &text, UTransPosition &index, UErrorCode &status) const
| Transliterates the portion of the text buffer that can be transliterated unambiguosly.
virtual void | finishTransliteration (Replaceable &text, UTransPosition &index) const
| Finishes any pending transliterations that were waiting for more characters.
virtual void | filteredTransliterate (Replaceable &text, UTransPosition &index, UBool incremental) const
| Transliterate a substring of text, as specified by index, taking filters into account.
int32_t | getMaximumContextLength (void) const
| Returns the length of the longest context required by this transliterator.
virtual const UnicodeString & | getID (void) const
| Returns a programmatic identifier for this transliterator.
const UnicodeFilter * | getFilter (void) const
| Returns the filter used by this transliterator, or `NULL` if this transliterator uses no filter.
UnicodeFilter * | orphanFilter (void)
| Returns the filter used by this transliterator, or `NULL` if this transliterator uses no filter.
void | adoptFilter (UnicodeFilter *adoptedFilter)
| Changes the filter used by this transliterator.
Transliterator * | createInverse (UErrorCode &status) const
| Returns this transliterator's inverse.
virtual UnicodeString & | toRules (UnicodeString &result, UBool escapeUnprintable) const
| Create a rule string that can be passed to createFromRules() to recreate this transliterator.
int32_t | countElements () const
| Return the number of elements that make up this transliterator.
const Transliterator & | getElement (int32_t index, UErrorCode &ec) const
| Return an element that makes up this transliterator.
UnicodeSet & | getSourceSet (UnicodeSet &result) const
| Returns the set of all characters that may be modified in the input text by this Transliterator.
virtual void | handleGetSourceSet (UnicodeSet &result) const
| Framework method that returns the set of all characters that may be modified in the input text by this Transliterator, ignoring the effect of this object's filter.
virtual UnicodeSet & | getTargetSet (UnicodeSet &result) const
| Returns the set of all characters that may be generated as replacement text by this transliterator.
virtual UClassID | getDynamicClassID (void) const =0
| Returns a unique class ID polymorphically.
## Static Public Member Functions
static Token | integerToken (int32_t)
| Return a token containing an integer.
static Token | pointerToken (void *)
| Return a token containing a pointer.
static UnicodeString & | getDisplayName (const UnicodeString &ID, UnicodeString &result)
| Returns a name for this transliterator that is appropriate for display to the user in the default locale.
static UnicodeString & | getDisplayName (const UnicodeString &ID, const Locale &inLocale, UnicodeString &result)
| Returns a name for this transliterator that is appropriate for display to the user in the given locale.
static Transliterator * | createInstance (const UnicodeString &ID, UTransDirection dir, UParseError &parseError, UErrorCode &status)
| Returns a `Transliterator` object given its ID.
static Transliterator * | createInstance (const UnicodeString &ID, UTransDirection dir, UErrorCode &status)
| Returns a `Transliterator` object given its ID.
static Transliterator * | createFromRules (const UnicodeString &ID, const UnicodeString &rules, UTransDirection dir, UParseError &parseError, UErrorCode &status)
| Returns a `Transliterator` object constructed from the given rule string.
static void | registerFactory (const UnicodeString &id, Factory factory, Token context)
| Registers a factory function that creates transliterators of a given ID.
static void | registerInstance (Transliterator *adoptedObj)
| Registers an instance `obj` of a subclass of `Transliterator` with the system.
static void | registerAlias (const UnicodeString &aliasID, const UnicodeString &realID)
| Registers an ID string as an alias of another ID string.
static void | unregister (const UnicodeString &ID)
| Unregisters a transliterator or class.
static StringEnumeration * | getAvailableIDs (UErrorCode &ec)
| Return a StringEnumeration over the IDs available at the time of the call, including user-registered IDs.
static int32_t | countAvailableSources (void)
| Return the number of registered source specifiers.
static UnicodeString & | getAvailableSource (int32_t index, UnicodeString &result)
| Return a registered source specifier.
static int32_t | countAvailableTargets (const UnicodeString &source)
| Return the number of registered target specifiers for a given source specifier.
static UnicodeString & | getAvailableTarget (int32_t index, const UnicodeString &source, UnicodeString &result)
| Return a registered target specifier for a given source.
static int32_t | countAvailableVariants (const UnicodeString &source, const UnicodeString &target)
| Return the number of registered variant specifiers for a given source-target pair.
static UnicodeString & | getAvailableVariant (int32_t index, const UnicodeString &source, const UnicodeString &target, UnicodeString &result)
| Return a registered variant specifier for a given source-target pair.
static UClassID | getStaticClassID (void)
| Return the class ID for this class.
static int32_t | countAvailableIDs (void)
| Return the number of IDs currently registered with the system.
static const UnicodeString & | getAvailableID (int32_t index)
| Return the index-th available ID.
## Protected Member Functions
| Transliterator (const UnicodeString &ID, UnicodeFilter *adoptedFilter)
| Default constructor.
| Transliterator (const Transliterator &)
| Copy constructor.
Transliterator & | operator= (const Transliterator &)
| Assignment operator.
virtual void | handleTransliterate (Replaceable &text, UTransPosition &pos, UBool incremental) const =0
| Abstract method that concrete subclasses define to implement their transliteration algorithm.
void | setMaximumContextLength (int32_t maxContextLength)
| Method for subclasses to use to set the maximum context length.
void | setID (const UnicodeString &id)
| Set the ID of this transliterators.
## Static Protected Member Functions
static Transliterator * | createBasicInstance (const UnicodeString &id, const UnicodeString *canon)
| Create a transliterator from a basic ID.
static void | _registerFactory (const UnicodeString &id, Factory factory, Token context)
static void | _registerInstance (Transliterator *adoptedObj)
static void | _registerAlias (const UnicodeString &aliasID, const UnicodeString &realID)
static void | _registerSpecialInverse (const UnicodeString &target, const UnicodeString &inverseTarget, UBool bidirectional)
| Register two targets as being inverses of one another.
static int32_t | _countAvailableSources (void)
| Non-mutexed internal method.
static UnicodeString & | _getAvailableSource (int32_t index, UnicodeString &result)
| Non-mutexed internal method.
static int32_t | _countAvailableTargets (const UnicodeString &source)
| Non-mutexed internal method.
static UnicodeString & | _getAvailableTarget (int32_t index, const UnicodeString &source, UnicodeString &result)
| Non-mutexed internal method.
static int32_t | _countAvailableVariants (const UnicodeString &source, const UnicodeString &target)
| Non-mutexed internal method.
static UnicodeString & | _getAvailableVariant (int32_t index, const UnicodeString &source, const UnicodeString &target, UnicodeString &result)
| Non-mutexed internal method.
## Friends
class | TransliteratorParser
class | TransliteratorIDParser
class | TransliteratorAlias

## Detailed Description

`Transliterator` is an abstract class that transliterates text from one format to another.

The most common kind of transliterator is a script, or alphabet, transliterator. For example, a Russian to Latin transliterator changes Russian text written in Cyrillic characters to phonetically equivalent Latin characters. It does not translate Russian to English! Transliteration, unlike translation, operates on characters, without reference to the meanings of words and sentences.

Although script conversion is its most common use, a transliterator can actually perform a more general class of tasks. In fact, `Transliterator` defines a very general API which specifies only that a segment of the input text is replaced by new text. The particulars of this conversion are determined entirely by subclasses of `Transliterator`.

Transliterators are stateless

`Transliterator` objects are stateless; they retain no information between calls to `transliterate()`. (However, this does not mean that threads may share transliterators without synchronizing them. Transliterators are not immutable, so they must be synchronized when shared between threads.) This might seem to limit the complexity of the transliteration operation. In practice, subclasses perform complex transliterations by delaying the replacement of text until it is known that no other replacements are possible. In other words, although the `Transliterator` objects are stateless, the source text itself embodies all the needed information, and delayed operation allows arbitrary complexity.

Batch transliteration

The simplest way to perform transliteration is all at once, on a string of existing text. This is referred to as batch transliteration. For example, given a string `input` and a transliterator `t`, the call

> `String result = t.transliterate(input);`

will transliterate it and return the result. Other methods allow the client to specify a substring to be transliterated and to use Replaceable objects instead of strings, in order to preserve out-of-band information (such as text styles).

Keyboard transliteration

Somewhat more involved is keyboard, or incremental transliteration. This is the transliteration of text that is arriving from some source (typically the user's keyboard) one character at a time, or in some other piecemeal fashion.

In keyboard transliteration, a `Replaceable` buffer stores the text. As text is inserted, as much as possible is transliterated on the fly. This means a GUI that displays the contents of the buffer may show text being modified as each new character arrives.

Consider the simple `RuleBasedTransliterator`:

> `th>{theta}
> t>{tau}`

When the user types 't', nothing will happen, since the transliterator is waiting to see if the next character is 'h'. To remedy this, we introduce the notion of a cursor, marked by a '|' in the output string:

> `t>|{tau}
> {tau}h>{theta}`

Now when the user types 't', tau appears, and if the next character is 'h', the tau changes to a theta. This is accomplished by maintaining a cursor position (independent of the insertion point, and invisible in the GUI) across calls to `transliterate()`. Typically, the cursor will be coincident with the insertion point, but in a case like the one above, it will precede the insertion point.

Keyboard transliteration methods maintain a set of three indices that are updated with each call to `transliterate()`, including the cursor, start, and limit. Since these indices are changed by the method, they are passed in an `int[]` array. The `START` index marks the beginning of the substring that the transliterator will look at. It is advanced as text becomes committed (but it is not the committed index; that's the `CURSOR`). The `CURSOR` index, described above, marks the point at which the transliterator last stopped, either because it reached the end, or because it required more characters to disambiguate between possible inputs. The `CURSOR` can also be explicitly set by rules in a `RuleBasedTransliterator`. Any characters before the `CURSOR` index are frozen; future keyboard transliteration calls within this input sequence will not change them. New text is inserted at the `LIMIT` index, which marks the end of the substring that the transliterator looks at.

Because keyboard transliteration assumes that more characters are to arrive, it is conservative in its operation. It only transliterates when it can do so unambiguously. Otherwise it waits for more characters to arrive. When the client code knows that no more characters are forthcoming, perhaps because the user has performed some input termination operation, then it should call `finishTransliteration()` to complete any pending transliterations.

Inverses

Pairs of transliterators may be inverses of one another. For example, if transliterator A transliterates characters by incrementing their Unicode value (so "abc" -> "def"), and transliterator B decrements character values, then A is an inverse of B and vice versa. If we compose A with B in a compound transliterator, the result is the indentity transliterator, that is, a transliterator that does not change its input text.

The `Transliterator` method `getInverse()` returns a transliterator's inverse, if one exists, or `null` otherwise. However, the result of `getInverse()` usually will not be a true mathematical inverse. This is because true inverse transliterators are difficult to formulate. For example, consider two transliterators: AB, which transliterates the character 'A' to 'B', and BA, which transliterates 'B' to 'A'. It might seem that these are exact inverses, since

> "A" x AB -> "B"
> "B" x BA -> "A"

where 'x' represents transliteration. However,

> "ABCD" x AB -> "BBCD"
> "BBCD" x BA -> "AACD"

so AB composed with BA is not the identity. Nonetheless, BA may be usefully considered to be AB's inverse, and it is on this basis that AB`.getInverse()` could legitimately return BA.

IDs and display names

A transliterator is designated by a short identifier string or ID. IDs follow the format source-destination, where source describes the entity being replaced, and destination describes the entity replacing source. The entities may be the names of scripts, particular sequences of characters, or whatever else it is that the transliterator converts to or from. For example, a transliterator from Russian to Latin might be named "Russian-Latin". A transliterator from keyboard escape sequences to Latin-1 characters might be named "KeyboardEscape-Latin1". By convention, system entity names are in English, with the initial letters of words capitalized; user entity names may follow any format so long as they do not contain dashes.

In addition to programmatic IDs, transliterator objects have display names for presentation in user interfaces, returned by getDisplayName.

Factory methods and registration

In general, client code should use the factory method createInstance to obtain an instance of a transliterator given its ID. Valid IDs may be enumerated using `getAvailableIDs()`. Since transliterators are mutable, multiple calls to createInstance with the same ID will return distinct objects.

In addition to the system transliterators registered at startup, user transliterators may be registered by calling `registerInstance()` at run time. A registered instance acts a template; future calls to createInstance with the ID of the registered object return clones of that object. Thus any object passed to `registerInstance()` must implement `clone()` propertly. To register a transliterator subclass without instantiating it (until it is needed), users may call registerFactory. In this case, the objects are instantiated by invoking the zero-argument public constructor of the class.

Subclassing

Subclasses must implement the abstract method `handleTransliterate()`.

Subclasses should override the `transliterate()` method taking a `Replaceable` and the `transliterate()` method taking a `String` and `StringBuffer` if the performance of these methods can be improved over the performance obtained by the default implementations in this class.

Author:
  Alan Liu

Stable:
  ICU 2.0

Definition at line 241 of file translit.h.

## Member Typedef Documentation

typedef Transliterator*( * Transliterator::Factory)(const UnicodeString &ID, Token context)

A function that creates and returns a Transliterator.

When invoked, it will be passed the ID string that is being instantiated, together with the context pointer that was passed in when the factory function was first registered. Many factory functions will ignore both parameters, however, functions that are registered to more than one ID may use the ID or the context parameter to parameterize the transliterator they create.

Parameters:

  | ID | the string identifier for this transliterator
  | context | a context pointer that will be stored and later passed to the factory function when an ID matching the registration ID is being instantiated with this factory.

Stable:
  ICU 2.4

Definition at line 309 of file translit.h.

## Constructor & Destructor Documentation

Transliterator::Transliterator | ( | const UnicodeString & | ID,
|  | UnicodeFilter * | adoptedFilter |
| ) |  |  | `[protected]`

Default constructor.

Parameters:

  | ID | the string identifier for this transliterator
  | adoptedFilter | the filter. Any character for which `filter.contains()` returns `false` will not be altered by this transliterator. If `filter` is `null` then no filtering is applied.

Stable:
  ICU 2.4

Transliterator::Transliterator | ( | const Transliterator & |  | ) | `[protected]`

Copy constructor.

Stable:
  ICU 2.4

virtual Transliterator::~Transliterator | ( |  | ) | `[virtual]`

Destructor.

Stable:
  ICU 2.0

## Member Function Documentation

static int32_t Transliterator::_countAvailableSources | ( | void |  | ) | `[static, protected]`

Non-mutexed internal method.

Internal:
  Do not use. This API is for internal use only.

static int32_t Transliterator::_countAvailableTargets | ( | const UnicodeString & | source | ) | `[static, protected]`

Non-mutexed internal method.

Internal:
  Do not use. This API is for internal use only.

static int32_t Transliterator::_countAvailableVariants | ( | const UnicodeString & | source,
|  | const UnicodeString & | target |
| ) |  |  | `[static, protected]`

Non-mutexed internal method.

Internal:
  Do not use. This API is for internal use only.

static UnicodeString& Transliterator::_getAvailableSource | ( | int32_t | index,
|  | UnicodeString & | result |
| ) |  |  | `[static, protected]`

Non-mutexed internal method.

Internal:
  Do not use. This API is for internal use only.

static UnicodeString& Transliterator::_getAvailableTarget | ( | int32_t | index,
|  | const UnicodeString & | source,
|  | UnicodeString & | result |
| ) |  |  | `[static, protected]`

Non-mutexed internal method.

Internal:
  Do not use. This API is for internal use only.

static UnicodeString& Transliterator::_getAvailableVariant | ( | int32_t | index,
|  | const UnicodeString & | source,
|  | const UnicodeString & | target,
|  | UnicodeString & | result |
| ) |  |  | `[static, protected]`

Non-mutexed internal method.

Internal:
  Do not use. This API is for internal use only.

static void Transliterator::_registerAlias | ( | const UnicodeString & | aliasID,
|  | const UnicodeString & | realID |
| ) |  |  | `[static, protected]`

Internal:
  Do not use. This API is for internal use only.

static void Transliterator::_registerFactory | ( | const UnicodeString & | id,
|  | Factory | factory,
|  | Token | context |
| ) |  |  | `[static, protected]`

Internal:
  Do not use. This API is for internal use only.

Parameters:

  | id | the ID being registered
  | factory | a function pointer that will be copied and called later when the given ID is passed to createInstance()
  | context | a context pointer that will be stored and later passed to the factory function when an ID matching the registration ID is being instantiated with this factory.

static void Transliterator::_registerInstance | ( | Transliterator * | adoptedObj | ) | `[static, protected]`

Internal:
  Do not use. This API is for internal use only.

static void Transliterator::_registerSpecialInverse | ( | const UnicodeString & | target,
|  | const UnicodeString & | inverseTarget,
|  | UBool | bidirectional |
| ) |  |  | `[static, protected]`

Register two targets as being inverses of one another.

For example, calling registerSpecialInverse("NFC", "NFD", true) causes Transliterator to form the following inverse relationships:

    NFC => NFD
     Any-NFC => Any-NFD
     NFD => NFC
     Any-NFD => Any-NFC

(Without the special inverse registration, the inverse of NFC would be NFC-Any.) Note that NFD is shorthand for Any-NFD, but that the presence or absence of "Any-" is preserved.

The relationship is symmetrical; registering (a, b) is equivalent to registering (b, a).

The relevant IDs must still be registered separately as factories or classes.

Only the targets are specified. Special inverses always have the form Any-Target1 <=> Any-Target2. The target should have canonical casing (the casing desired to be produced when an inverse is formed) and should contain no whitespace or other extraneous characters.

Parameters:

  | target | the target against which to register the inverse
  | inverseTarget | the inverse of target, that is Any-target.getInverse() => Any-inverseTarget
  | bidirectional | if true, register the reverse relation as well, that is, Any-inverseTarget.getInverse() => Any-target

Internal:
  Do not use. This API is for internal use only.

void Transliterator::adoptFilter | ( | UnicodeFilter * | adoptedFilter | ) |

Changes the filter used by this transliterator.

If the filter is set to `null` then no filtering will occur.

Callers must take care if a transliterator is in use by multiple threads. The filter should not be changed by one thread while another thread may be transliterating.

Parameters:

  | adoptedFilter | the new filter to be adopted.

Stable:
  ICU 2.0

virtual Transliterator* Transliterator::clone | ( |  | ) | const`[virtual]`

Implements Cloneable.

All subclasses are encouraged to implement this method if it is possible and reasonable to do so. Subclasses that are to be registered with the system using `registerInstance()` are required to implement this method. If a subclass does not implement clone() properly and is registered with the system using registerInstance(), then the default clone() implementation will return null, and calls to createInstance() will fail.

Returns:
  a copy of the object.

See also:
  registerInstance

Stable:
  ICU 2.0

static int32_t Transliterator::countAvailableIDs | ( | void |  | ) | `[static]`

Return the number of IDs currently registered with the system.

To retrieve the actual IDs, call getAvailableID(i) with i from 0 to countAvailableIDs() - 1.

Returns:
  the number of IDs currently registered with the system.

Obsolete:
  ICU 3.4 use getAvailableIDs() instead

static int32_t Transliterator::countAvailableSources | ( | void |  | ) | `[static]`

Return the number of registered source specifiers.

Returns:
  the number of registered source specifiers.

Stable:
  ICU 2.0

static int32_t Transliterator::countAvailableTargets | ( | const UnicodeString & | source | ) | `[static]`

Return the number of registered target specifiers for a given source specifier.

Parameters:

  | source | the given source specifier.

Returns:
  the number of registered target specifiers for a given source specifier.

Stable:
  ICU 2.0

static int32_t Transliterator::countAvailableVariants | ( | const UnicodeString & | source,
|  | const UnicodeString & | target |
| ) |  |  | `[static]`

Return the number of registered variant specifiers for a given source-target pair.

Parameters:

  | source | the source specifiers.
  | target | the target specifiers.

Stable:
  ICU 2.0

int32_t Transliterator::countElements | ( |  | ) | const

Return the number of elements that make up this transliterator.

For example, if the transliterator "NFD;Jamo-Latin;Latin-Greek" were created, the return value of this method would be 3.

If this transliterator is not composed of other transliterators, then this method returns 1.

Returns:
  the number of transliterators that compose this transliterator, or 1 if this transliterator is not composed of multiple transliterators

Stable:
  ICU 3.0

static Transliterator* Transliterator::createBasicInstance | ( | const UnicodeString & | id,
|  | const UnicodeString * | canon |
| ) |  |  | `[static, protected]`

Create a transliterator from a basic ID.

This is an ID containing only the forward direction source, target, and variant.

Parameters:

  | id | a basic ID of the form S-T or S-T/V.
  | canon | canonical ID to assign to the object, or NULL to leave the ID unchanged

Returns:
  a newly created Transliterator or null if the ID is invalid.

Stable:
  ICU 2.4

static Transliterator* Transliterator::createFromRules | ( | const UnicodeString & | ID,
|  | const UnicodeString & | rules,
|  | UTransDirection | dir,
|  | UParseError & | parseError,
|  | UErrorCode & | status |
| ) |  |  | `[static]`

Returns a `Transliterator` object constructed from the given rule string.

This will be a RuleBasedTransliterator, if the rule string contains only rules, or a CompoundTransliterator, if it contains ID blocks, or a NullTransliterator, if it contains ID blocks which parse as empty for the given direction.

Parameters:

  | ID | the id for the transliterator.
  | rules | rules, separated by ';'
  | dir | either FORWARD or REVERSE.
  | parseError | Struct to recieve information on position of error if an error is encountered
  | status | Output param set to success/failure code.

Stable:
  ICU 2.0

static Transliterator* Transliterator::createInstance | ( | const UnicodeString & | ID,
|  | UTransDirection | dir,
|  | UErrorCode & | status |
| ) |  |  | `[static]`

Returns a `Transliterator` object given its ID.

The ID must be either a system transliterator ID or a ID registered using `registerInstance()`.

Parameters:

  | ID | a valid ID, as enumerated by `getAvailableIDs()`
  | dir | either FORWARD or REVERSE.
  | status | Output param to filled in with a success or an error.

Returns:
  A `Transliterator` object with the given ID

Stable:
  ICU 2.0

static Transliterator* Transliterator::createInstance | ( | const UnicodeString & | ID,
|  | UTransDirection | dir,
|  | UParseError & | parseError,
|  | UErrorCode & | status |
| ) |  |  | `[static]`

Returns a `Transliterator` object given its ID.

The ID must be either a system transliterator ID or a ID registered using `registerInstance()`.

Parameters:

  | ID | a valid ID, as enumerated by `getAvailableIDs()`
  | dir | either FORWARD or REVERSE.
  | parseError | Struct to recieve information on position of error if an error is encountered
  | status | Output param to filled in with a success or an error.

Returns:
  A `Transliterator` object with the given ID

See also:
  registerInstance
  getAvailableIDs
  getID

Stable:
  ICU 2.0

Transliterator* Transliterator::createInverse | ( | UErrorCode & | status | ) | const

Returns this transliterator's inverse.

See the class documentation for details. This implementation simply inverts the two entities in the ID and attempts to retrieve the resulting transliterator. That is, if `getID()` returns "A-B", then this method will return the result of `createInstance("B-A")`, or `null` if that call fails.

Subclasses with knowledge of their inverse may wish to override this method.

Parameters:

  | status | Output param to filled in with a success or an error.

Returns:
  a transliterator that is an inverse, not necessarily exact, of this transliterator, or `null` if no such transliterator is registered.

See also:
  registerInstance

Stable:
  ICU 2.0

virtual void Transliterator::filteredTransliterate | ( | Replaceable & | text,
|  | UTransPosition & | index,
|  | UBool | incremental |
| ) |  |  | const`[virtual]`

Transliterate a substring of text, as specified by index, taking filters into account.

This method is for subclasses that need to delegate to another transliterator, such as CompoundTransliterator.

Parameters:

  | text | the text to be transliterated
  | index | the position indices
  | incremental | if TRUE, then assume more characters may be inserted at index.limit, and postpone processing to accomodate future incoming characters

Stable:
  ICU 2.4

virtual void Transliterator::finishTransliteration | ( | Replaceable & | text,
|  | UTransPosition & | index |
| ) |  |  | const`[virtual]`

Finishes any pending transliterations that were waiting for more characters.

Clients should call this method as the last call after a sequence of one or more calls to `transliterate()`.

Parameters:

  | text | the buffer holding transliterated and untransliterated text.
  | index | the array of indices previously passed to transliterate

Stable:
  ICU 2.0

static const UnicodeString& Transliterator::getAvailableID | ( | int32_t | index | ) | `[static]`

Return the index-th available ID.

index must be between 0 and countAvailableIDs() - 1, inclusive. If index is out of range, the result of getAvailableID(0) is returned.

Parameters:

  | index | the given ID index.

Returns:
  the index-th available ID. index must be between 0 and countAvailableIDs() - 1, inclusive. If index is out of range, the result of getAvailableID(0) is returned.

Obsolete:
  ICU 3.4 use getAvailableIDs() instead; this function is not thread safe, since it returns a reference to storage that may become invalid if another thread calls unregister

static StringEnumeration* Transliterator::getAvailableIDs | ( | UErrorCode & | ec | ) | `[static]`

Return a StringEnumeration over the IDs available at the time of the call, including user-registered IDs.

Parameters:

  | ec | input-output error code

Returns:
  a newly-created StringEnumeration over the transliterators available at the time of the call. The caller should delete this object when done using it.

Stable:
  ICU 3.0

static UnicodeString& Transliterator::getAvailableSource | ( | int32_t | index,
|  | UnicodeString & | result |
| ) |  |  | `[static]`

Return a registered source specifier.

Parameters:

  | index | which specifier to return, from 0 to n-1, where n = countAvailableSources()
  | result | fill-in paramter to receive the source specifier. If index is out of range, result will be empty.

Returns:
  reference to result

Stable:
  ICU 2.0

static UnicodeString& Transliterator::getAvailableTarget | ( | int32_t | index,
|  | const UnicodeString & | source,
|  | UnicodeString & | result |
| ) |  |  | `[static]`

Return a registered target specifier for a given source.

Parameters:

  | index | which specifier to return, from 0 to n-1, where n = countAvailableTargets(source)
  | source | the source specifier
  | result | fill-in paramter to receive the target specifier. If source is invalid or if index is out of range, result will be empty.

Returns:
  reference to result

Stable:
  ICU 2.0

static UnicodeString& Transliterator::getAvailableVariant | ( | int32_t | index,
|  | const UnicodeString & | source,
|  | const UnicodeString & | target,
|  | UnicodeString & | result |
| ) |  |  | `[static]`

Return a registered variant specifier for a given source-target pair.

Parameters:

  | index | which specifier to return, from 0 to n-1, where n = countAvailableVariants(source, target)
  | source | the source specifier
  | target | the target specifier
  | result | fill-in paramter to receive the variant specifier. If source is invalid or if target is invalid or if index is out of range, result will be empty.

Returns:
  reference to result

Stable:
  ICU 2.0

static UnicodeString& Transliterator::getDisplayName | ( | const UnicodeString & | ID,
|  | const Locale & | inLocale,
|  | UnicodeString & | result |
| ) |  |  | `[static]`

Returns a name for this transliterator that is appropriate for display to the user in the given locale.

This name is taken from the locale resource data in the standard manner of the `java.text` package.

If no localized names exist in the system resource bundles, a name is synthesized using a localized `MessageFormat` pattern from the resource data. The arguments to this pattern are an integer followed by one or two strings. The integer is the number of strings, either 1 or 2. The strings are formed by splitting the ID for this transliterator at the first '-'. If there is no '-', then the entire ID forms the only string.

Parameters:

  | ID | the string identifier for this transliterator
  | inLocale | the Locale in which the display name should be localized.
  | result | Output param to receive the display name

Returns:
  A reference to 'result'.

Stable:
  ICU 2.0

static UnicodeString& Transliterator::getDisplayName | ( | const UnicodeString & | ID,
|  | UnicodeString & | result |
| ) |  |  | `[static]`

Returns a name for this transliterator that is appropriate for display to the user in the default locale.

See getDisplayName for details.

Parameters:

  | ID | the string identifier for this transliterator
  | result | Output param to receive the display name

Returns:
  A reference to 'result'.

Stable:
  ICU 2.0

virtual UClassID Transliterator::getDynamicClassID | ( | void |  | ) | const`[pure virtual]`

Returns a unique class ID polymorphically.

This method is to implement a simple version of RTTI, since not all C++ compilers support genuine RTTI. Polymorphic operator==() and clone() methods call this method.

Concrete subclasses of Transliterator must use the UOBJECT_DEFINE_RTTI_IMPLEMENTATION macro from uobject.h to provide the RTTI functions.

Returns:
  The class ID for this object. All objects of a given class have the same class ID. Objects of other classes have different class IDs.

Stable:
  ICU 2.0

Implements UObject.

const Transliterator& Transliterator::getElement | ( | int32_t | index,
|  | UErrorCode & | ec |
| ) |  |  | const

Return an element that makes up this transliterator.

For example, if the transliterator "NFD;Jamo-Latin;Latin-Greek" were created, the return value of this method would be one of the three transliterator objects that make up that transliterator: [NFD, Jamo-Latin, Latin-Greek].

If this transliterator is not composed of other transliterators, then this method will return a reference to this transliterator when given the index 0.

Parameters:

  | index | a value from 0..countElements()-1 indicating the transliterator to return
  | ec | input-output error code

Returns:
  one of the transliterators that makes up this transliterator, if this transliterator is made up of multiple transliterators, otherwise a reference to this object if given an index of 0

Stable:
  ICU 3.0

const UnicodeFilter* Transliterator::getFilter | ( | void |  | ) | const

Returns the filter used by this transliterator, or `NULL` if this transliterator uses no filter.

Returns:
  the filter used by this transliterator, or `NULL` if this transliterator uses no filter.

Stable:
  ICU 2.0

virtual const UnicodeString& Transliterator::getID | ( | void |  | ) | const`[virtual]`

Returns a programmatic identifier for this transliterator.

If this identifier is passed to `createInstance()`, it will return this object, if it has been registered.

Returns:
  a programmatic identifier for this transliterator.

See also:
  registerInstance
  registerFactory
  getAvailableIDs

Stable:
  ICU 2.0

int32_t Transliterator::getMaximumContextLength | ( | void |  | ) | const`[inline]`

Returns the length of the longest context required by this transliterator.

This is preceding context. The default implementation supplied by `Transliterator` returns zero; subclasses that use preceding context should override this method to return the correct value. For example, if a transliterator translates "ddd" (where d is any digit) to "555" when preceded by "(ddd)", then the preceding context length is 5, the length of "(ddd)".

Returns:
  The maximum number of preceding context characters this transliterator needs to examine

Stable:
  ICU 2.0

Definition at line 1293 of file translit.h.

UnicodeSet& Transliterator::getSourceSet | ( | UnicodeSet & | result | ) | const

Returns the set of all characters that may be modified in the input text by this Transliterator.

This incorporates this object's current filter; if the filter is changed, the return value of this function will change. The default implementation returns an empty set. Some subclasses may override handleGetSourceSet to return a more precise result. The return result is approximate in any case and is intended for use by tests, tools, or utilities.

Parameters:

  | result | receives result set; previous contents lost

Returns:
  a reference to result

See also:
  getTargetSet
  handleGetSourceSet

Stable:
  ICU 2.4

static UClassID Transliterator::getStaticClassID | ( | void |  | ) | `[static]`

Return the class ID for this class.

This is useful only for comparing to a return value from getDynamicClassID(). Note that Transliterator is an abstract base class, and therefor no fully constructed object will have a dynamic UCLassID that equals the UClassID returned from TRansliterator::getStaticClassID().

Returns:
  The class ID for class Transliterator.

Stable:
  ICU 2.0

virtual UnicodeSet& Transliterator::getTargetSet | ( | UnicodeSet & | result | ) | const`[virtual]`

Returns the set of all characters that may be generated as replacement text by this transliterator.

The default implementation returns the empty set. Some subclasses may override this method to return a more precise result. The return result is approximate in any case and is intended for use by tests, tools, or utilities requiring such meta-information.

Parameters:

  | result | receives result set; previous contents lost

Returns:
  a reference to result

See also:
  getTargetSet

Stable:
  ICU 2.4

virtual void Transliterator::handleGetSourceSet | ( | UnicodeSet & | result | ) | const`[virtual]`

Framework method that returns the set of all characters that may be modified in the input text by this Transliterator, ignoring the effect of this object's filter.

The base class implementation returns the empty set. Subclasses that wish to implement this should override this method.

Returns:
  the set of characters that this transliterator may modify. The set may be modified, so subclasses should return a newly-created object.

Parameters:

  | result | receives result set; previous contents lost

See also:
  getSourceSet
  getTargetSet

Stable:
  ICU 2.4

virtual void Transliterator::handleTransliterate | ( | Replaceable & | text,
|  | UTransPosition & | pos,
|  | UBool | incremental |
| ) |  |  | const`[protected, pure virtual]`

Abstract method that concrete subclasses define to implement their transliteration algorithm.

This method handles both incremental and non-incremental transliteration. Let `originalStart` refer to the value of `pos.start` upon entry.

- If `incremental` is false, then this method should transliterate all characters between `pos.start` and `pos.limit`. Upon return `pos.start` must == `pos.limit`.

- If `incremental` is true, then this method should transliterate all characters between `pos.start` and `pos.limit` that can be unambiguously transliterated, regardless of future insertions of text at `pos.limit`. Upon return, `pos.start` should be in the range [`originalStart`, `pos.limit`). `pos.start` should be positioned such that characters [`originalStart`, `pos.start`) will not be changed in the future by this transliterator and characters [`pos.start`, `pos.limit`) are unchanged.

Implementations of this method should also obey the following invariants:

- `pos.limit` and `pos.contextLimit` should be updated to reflect changes in length of the text between `pos.start` and `pos.limit`. The difference `pos.contextLimit - pos.limit` should not change.

- `pos.contextStart` should not change.

- Upon return, neither `pos.start` nor `pos.limit` should be less than `originalStart`.

- Text before `originalStart` and text after `pos.limit` should not change.

- Text before `pos.contextStart` and text after `pos.contextLimit` should be ignored.

Subclasses may safely assume that all characters in [`pos.start`, `pos.limit`) are filtered. In other words, the filter has already been applied by the time this method is called. See `filteredTransliterate()`.

This method is not for public consumption. Calling this method directly will transliterate [`pos.start`, `pos.limit`) without applying the filter. End user code should call `transliterate()` instead of this method. Subclass code and wrapping transliterators should call `filteredTransliterate()` instead of this method.

Parameters:

  | text | the buffer holding transliterated and untransliterated text
  | pos | the indices indicating the start, limit, context start, and context limit of the text.
  | incremental | if true, assume more text may be inserted at `pos.limit` and act accordingly. Otherwise, transliterate all text between `pos.start` and `pos.limit` and move `pos.start` up to `pos.limit`.

See also:
  transliterate

Stable:
  ICU 2.4

Transliterator::Token Transliterator::integerToken | ( | int32_t | i | ) | `[inline, static]`

Return a token containing an integer.

Returns:
  a token containing an integer.

Internal:
  Do not use. This API is for internal use only.

Definition at line 1304 of file translit.h.

References Transliterator::Token::integer.

Transliterator& Transliterator::operator= | ( | const Transliterator & |  | ) | `[protected]`

Assignment operator.

Stable:
  ICU 2.4

UnicodeFilter* Transliterator::orphanFilter | ( | void |  | ) |

Returns the filter used by this transliterator, or `NULL` if this transliterator uses no filter.

The caller must eventually delete the result. After this call, this transliterator's filter is set to `NULL`.

Returns:
  the filter used by this transliterator, or `NULL` if this transliterator uses no filter.

Stable:
  ICU 2.4

Transliterator::Token Transliterator::pointerToken | ( | void * | p | ) | `[inline, static]`

Return a token containing a pointer.

Returns:
  a token containing a pointer.

Internal:
  Do not use. This API is for internal use only.

Definition at line 1310 of file translit.h.

References Transliterator::Token::pointer.

static void Transliterator::registerAlias | ( | const UnicodeString & | aliasID,
|  | const UnicodeString & | realID |
| ) |  |  | `[static]`

Registers an ID string as an alias of another ID string.

That is, after calling this function, `createInstance(aliasID)` will return the same thing as `createInstance(realID)`. This is generally used to create shorter, more mnemonic aliases for long compound IDs.

Parameters:

  | aliasID | The new ID being registered.
  | realID | The ID that the new ID is to be an alias for. This can be a compound ID and can include filters and should refer to transliterators that have already been registered with the framework, although this isn't checked.

Stable:
  ICU 3.6

static void Transliterator::registerFactory | ( | const UnicodeString & | id,
|  | Factory | factory,
|  | Token | context |
| ) |  |  | `[static]`

Registers a factory function that creates transliterators of a given ID.

Parameters:

  | id | the ID being registered
  | factory | a function pointer that will be copied and called later when the given ID is passed to createInstance()
  | context | a context pointer that will be stored and later passed to the factory function when an ID matching the registration ID is being instantiated with this factory.

Stable:
  ICU 2.0

static void Transliterator::registerInstance | ( | Transliterator * | adoptedObj | ) | `[static]`

Registers an instance `obj` of a subclass of `Transliterator` with the system.

When `createInstance()` is called with an ID string that is equal to `obj->getID()`, then `obj->clone()` is returned.

After this call the Transliterator class owns the adoptedObj and will delete it.

Parameters:

  | adoptedObj | an instance of subclass of `Transliterator` that defines `clone()`

See also:
  createInstance
  registerFactory
  unregister

Stable:
  ICU 2.0

void Transliterator::setID | ( | const UnicodeString & | id | ) | `[inline, protected]`

Set the ID of this transliterators.

Subclasses shouldn't do this, unless the underlying script behavior has changed.

Parameters:

  | id | the new id t to be set.

Stable:
  ICU 2.4

Definition at line 1297 of file translit.h.

References UnicodeString::append(), UnicodeString::length(), and UnicodeString::truncate().

void Transliterator::setMaximumContextLength | ( | int32_t | maxContextLength | ) | `[protected]`

Method for subclasses to use to set the maximum context length.

Parameters:

  | maxContextLength | the new value to be set.

See also:
  getMaximumContextLength

Stable:
  ICU 2.4

virtual UnicodeString& Transliterator::toRules | ( | UnicodeString & | result,
|  | UBool | escapeUnprintable |
| ) |  |  | const`[virtual]`

Create a rule string that can be passed to createFromRules() to recreate this transliterator.

Parameters:

  | result | the string to receive the rules. Previous contents will be deleted.
  | escapeUnprintable | if TRUE then convert unprintable character to their hex escape representations, \uxxxx or \Uxxxxxxxx. Unprintable characters are those other than U+000A, U+0020..U+007E.

Stable:
  ICU 2.0

virtual void Transliterator::transliterate | ( | Replaceable & | text,
|  | UTransPosition & | index,
|  | UErrorCode & | status |
| ) |  |  | const`[virtual]`

Transliterates the portion of the text buffer that can be transliterated unambiguosly.

This is a convenience method; see transliterate(Replaceable&, UTransPosition&, const UnicodeString&, UErrorCode&) const for details.

Parameters:

  | text | the buffer holding transliterated and untransliterated text
  | index | an array of three integers. See transliterate(Replaceable&, UTransPosition&, const UnicodeString&, UErrorCode&) const .
  | status | Output param to filled in with a success or an error.

See also:
  transliterate(Replaceable, int[], String)

Stable:
  ICU 2.0

virtual void Transliterator::transliterate | ( | Replaceable & | text,
|  | UTransPosition & | index,
|  | UChar32 | insertion,
|  | UErrorCode & | status |
| ) |  |  | const`[virtual]`

Transliterates the portion of the text buffer that can be transliterated unambiguosly after a new character has been inserted, typically as a result of a keyboard event.

This is a convenience method.

Parameters:

  | text | the buffer holding transliterated and untransliterated text
  | index | an array of three integers.
  | insertion | text to be inserted and possibly transliterated into the translation buffer at `index.limit`.
  | status | Output param to filled in with a success or an error.

See also:
  transliterate(Replaceable&, UTransPosition&, const UnicodeString&, UErrorCode&) const

Stable:
  ICU 2.0

virtual void Transliterator::transliterate | ( | Replaceable & | text,
|  | UTransPosition & | index,
|  | const UnicodeString & | insertion,
|  | UErrorCode & | status |
| ) |  |  | const`[virtual]`

Transliterates the portion of the text buffer that can be transliterated unambiguosly after new text has been inserted, typically as a result of a keyboard event.

The new text in `insertion` will be inserted into `text` at `index.limit`, advancing `index.limit` by `insertion.length()`. Then the transliterator will try to transliterate characters of `text` between `index.cursor` and `index.limit`. Characters before `index.cursor` will not be changed.

Upon return, values in `index` will be updated. `index.start` will be advanced to the first character that future calls to this method will read. `index.cursor` and `index.limit` will be adjusted to delimit the range of text that future calls to this method may change.

Typical usage of this method begins with an initial call with `index.start` and `index.limit` set to indicate the portion of `text` to be transliterated, and `index.cursor == index.start`. Thereafter, `index` can be used without modification in future calls, provided that all changes to `text` are made via this method.

This method assumes that future calls may be made that will insert new text into the buffer. As a result, it only performs unambiguous transliterations. After the last call to this method, there may be untransliterated text that is waiting for more input to resolve an ambiguity. In order to perform these pending transliterations, clients should call finishTransliteration after the last call to this method has been made.

Parameters:

  | text | the buffer holding transliterated and untransliterated text
  | index | an array of three integers.

- `index.start`: the beginning index, inclusive; `0 <= index.start <= index.limit`.

- `index.limit`: the ending index, exclusive; `index.start <= index.limit <= text.length()`. `insertion` is inserted at `index.limit`.

- `index.cursor`: the next character to be considered for transliteration; `index.start <= index.cursor <= index.limit`. Characters before `index.cursor` will not be changed by future calls to this method.

Parameters:

  | insertion | text to be inserted and possibly transliterated into the translation buffer at `index.limit`. If `null` then no text is inserted.
  | status | Output param to filled in with a success or an error.

See also:
  handleTransliterate

Exceptions:

  | IllegalArgumentException | if `index` is invalid

See also:
  UTransPosition

Stable:
  ICU 2.0

virtual void Transliterator::transliterate | ( | Replaceable & | text | ) | const`[virtual]`

Transliterates an entire string in place.

Convenience method.

Parameters:

  | text | the string to be transliterated

Stable:
  ICU 2.0

virtual int32_t Transliterator::transliterate | ( | Replaceable & | text,
|  | int32_t | start,
|  | int32_t | limit |
| ) |  |  | const`[virtual]`

Transliterates a segment of a string, with optional filtering.

Parameters:

  | text | the string to be transliterated
  | start | the beginning index, inclusive; `0 <= start <= limit`.
  | limit | the ending index, exclusive; `start <= limit <= text.length()`.

Returns:
  The new limit index. The text previously occupying `[start, limit)` has been transliterated, possibly to a string of a different length, at `[start,` new-limit`)`, where new-limit is the return value. If the input offsets are out of bounds, the returned value is -1 and the input string remains unchanged.

Stable:
  ICU 2.0

static void Transliterator::unregister | ( | const UnicodeString & | ID | ) | `[static]`

Unregisters a transliterator or class.

This may be either a system transliterator or a user transliterator or class. Any attempt to construct an unregistered transliterator based on its ID will fail.

Parameters:

  | ID | the ID of the transliterator or class

Returns:
  the `Object` that was registered with `ID`, or `null` if none was

See also:
  registerInstance
  registerFactory

Stable:
  ICU 2.0

The documentation for this class was generated from the following file:

- translit.h

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