Index Page etcal_c
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X
Procedure Abstract Required_Reading Keywords Brief_I/O Detailed_Input | Detailed_Output Parameters Exceptions Files Particulars Examples | Restrictions Literature_References Author_and_Institution Version Index_Entries
#### Procedure
       void etcal_c ( SpiceDouble   et,
                      SpiceInt      lenout,
                      SpiceChar   * string )
#### Abstract
       Convert from an ephemeris epoch measured in seconds past
       the epoch of J2000 to a calendar string format using a
       formal calendar free of leapseconds.
#### Required_Reading
       None.
#### Keywords
       TIME
#### Brief_I/O
       Variable  I/O  Description
       --------  ---  --------------------------------------------------
       et         I   Ephemeris time measured in seconds past J2000.
       lenout     I   Length of output string.
       string     O   A standard calendar representation of et.
#### Detailed_Input
       et       is an epoch measured in ephemeris seconds
                past the epoch of J2000.

       lenout   is the user defined length of the output string.
                The value should be at least 48 characters.
#### Detailed_Output
       string   is a calendar string representing the input ephemeris
                epoch.  This string is based upon extending the
                Gregorian Calendar backward and forward indefinitely
                keeping the same rules for determining leap years.
                Moreover, there is no accounting for leapseconds.

                To be sure that all of the date can be stored in
                string, it should be declared to have length at
                least 48 characters.

                The string will have the following format

                   year (era) mon day, hr:mn:sc.sss

                Where:

                   year --- is the year
                   era  --- is the chronological era associated with
                            the date.  For years after 999 A.D.
                            the era is omitted.  For years
                            between 1 A.D. and 999 A.D. (inclusive)
                            era is the string 'A.D.' For epochs
                            before 1 A.D. Jan 1 00:00:00, era is
                            given as 'B.C.' and the year is converted
                            to years before the "Christian Era".
                            The last B.C. epoch is

                              1 B.C. DEC 31, 23:59:59.999

                            The first A.D. epoch (which occurs .001
                            seconds after the last B.C. epoch) is:

                               1 A.D. JAN 1, 00:00:00.000

                            Note: there is no year 0 A.D. or 0 B.C.
                   mon  --- is a 3-letter abbreviation for the month
                            in all capital letters.
                   day  --- is the day of the month
                   hr   --- is the hour of the day (between 0 and 23)
                            leading zeros are added to hr if the
                            numeric value is less than 10.
                   mn   --- is the minute of the hour (0 to 59)
                            leading zeros are added to mn if the
                            numeric value is less than 10.
                   sc.sss   is the second of the minute to 3 decimal
                            places ( 0 to 59.999).  Leading zeros
                            are added if the numeric value is less
                            than 10.  Seconds are truncated, not
                            rounded.
#### Parameters
       None.
#### Exceptions
       Error free.

       1) If the input et is so large that the corresponding
          number of days since 1 A.D. Jan 1, 00:00:00 is
          within 1 of overflowing or underflowing an integer,
          et will not be converted to the correct string
          representation rather, the string returned will
          state that the epoch was before or after the day
          that is min_integer_val + 1 or max_integer_val - 1 days
          after 1 A.D. Jan 1, 00:00:00.

       2) If the output string is not sufficiently long to hold
          the full date, it will be truncated on the right.
#### Files
       None.
#### Particulars
       This is an error free routine for converting ephemeris epochs
       represented as seconds past the J2000 epoch to formal
       calendar strings based upon the Gregorian Calendar.  This formal
       time is often useful when one needs a human recognizable
       form of an ephemeris epoch.  There is no accounting for leap
       seconds in the output times produced.

       Note: The calendar epochs produced are not the same as the
             UTC calendar epochs that correspond to et. The strings
             produced by this routine may vary from the corresponding
             UTC epochs by more than 1 minute.

       This routine can be used in creating error messages or
       in routines and programs in which one prefers to report
       times without employing leapseconds to produce exact UTC
       epochs.
#### Examples
       Suppose you wish to  report that no data is
       available at a particular ephemeris epoch et.  The following
       code shows how you might accomplish this task.

       #define STRLEN   48

       etcal_c  ( et, STRLEN, string )

       printf ( "There is no data available for the body " );
       printf ( "at requested time: %s ( %f )", string, et );
#### Restrictions
       One must keep in mind when using this routine that
       ancient times are not based upon the Gregorian
       calendar.  For example the 0 point of the Julian
       Date system is 4713 B.C. Jan 1, 12:00:00 on the Julian
       Calendar.  If one formalized the Gregorian calendar
       and extended it indefinitely, the zero point of the Julian
       date system corresponds to 4714 B.C. NOV 24 12:00:00 on
       the Gregorian calendar.  There are several reasons for this.
       Leap years in the Julian calendar occur every
       4 years (including *all* centuries).  Moreover,  the
       Gregorian calendar "effectively" begins on 15 Oct, 1582 A.D.
       which is 5 Oct, 1582 A.D. in the Julian Calendar.

       Therefore you must be careful in your interpretation
       of ancient dates produced by this routine.
#### Literature_References
       1. "From Sundial to Atomic Clocks---Understanding Time and
           Frequency" by James Jespersen and Jane Fitz-Randolph
           Dover Publications, Inc. New York (1982).
#### Author_and_Institution
       W.L. Taber      (JPL)
       K.R. Gehringer  (JPL)
       E.D. Wright     (JPL)
#### Version
       -CSPICE Version 1.0.0, 5-MAR-1998   (EDW)
#### Index_Entries
       Convert ephemeris time to a formal calendar date
#### Link to routine etcal_c source file etcal_c.c

    Wed Jun  9 13:05:23 2010