libplacebo

libplacebo is, in a nutshell, the core rendering algorithms and ideas of mpv rewritten as an independent library. As of today, libplacebo contains a large assortment of video processing shaders, focusing on both quality and performance. These include features such as the following:

• High-quality, optimized upscaling and downscaling including support for polar filters ("Jinc"), anti-aliasing, anti-ringing and gamma correct scaling.
• Color management and format conversions for a wide variety of HDR or wide gamut color spaces. This includes support for ICC profiles, ITU-R BT.1886 emulation, colorimetrically accurate clipping, custom 1D/3D LUTs, scene-referred OOTFs (such as HLG), constant luminance formats including ICtCp and a variety of film industry formats ranging from XYZ to Sony's S-Log or Panasonic's V-Gamut.
• Tunable debanding shader. This is based on flash3kyuu, expanded to provide high quality by combining multiple debanding passes.
• Dynamic HDR tone mapping, including shaders for real-time peak and scene-change detection, chroma-preserving (luma-only) tone mapping, highlight desaturation, dynamic exposure control and a variety of industry-standard EETFs including BT.2390.
• High performance film grain synthesis for AV1 and H.274, allowing media players to offload this part of decoding from the CPU to the GPU.
• A pluggable, extensible custom shader syntax, equivalent to an improved version of mpv's .hook syntax. This can be used to arbitrarily extend the range of custom shaders to include popular user shaders like RAVU, FSRCNNX, or Anime4K. See the mpv wiki on user scripts for more information.

Every attempt was made to provide these features at a high level of abstraction, taking away all the messy details of GPU programming, color spaces, obscure subsampling modes, image metadata manipulation, and so on. Expert-level functionality is packed into easy-to-use functions like pl_frame_from_avframe and pl_render_image.

libplacebo currently supports Vulkan (including MoltenVK), OpenGL, and Direct3D 11. It contains backwards compatibility code for very old versions of GLSL down to GLES 2.0 and OpenGL 1.3 and very old Direct3D feature levels down to 9_1.

Examples

This screenshot from the included plplay demo program highlights just some of the features supported by the libplacebo rendering code, all of which are adjustable dynamically during video playback.

History

This project grew out of an interest to accomplish the following goals:

• Clean up mpv's internal RA API and make it reusable for other projects, as a general high-level backend-agnostic graphics API wrapper.
• Provide a standard library of useful GPU-accelerated image processing primitives based on GLSL, so projects like media players or browsers can use them without incurring a heavy dependency on libmpv.
• Rewrite core parts of mpv's GPU-accelerated video renderer on top of redesigned abstractions, in order to modernize it and allow supporting more features.

It has since been adopted by VLC as their optional Vulkan-based video output path, and is provided as a Vulkan-based video filter in the FFmpeg project.

API Overview

The public API of libplacebo is currently split up into the following components, the header files (and documentation) for which are available inside the src/include/libplacebo directory. The API is available in different "tiers", representing levels of abstraction inside libplacebo. The APIs in higher tiers depend on those in lower tiers. Which tier is used by a user depends on how much power/control they want over the actual rendering. The low-level tiers are more suitable for big projects that need strong control over the entire rendering pipeline; whereas the high-level tiers are more suitable for smaller or simpler projects that want libplacebo to take care of everything.

Tier 0 (logging, raw math primitives)

• colorspace.h: A collection of enums and structs for describing color spaces, as well as a collection of helper functions for computing various color space transformation matrices.
• common.h: A collection of miscellaneous utility types and macros that are shared among multiple subsystems. Usually does not need to be included directly.
• log.h: Logging subsystem.
• config.h: Macros defining information about the way libplacebo was built, including the version strings and compiled-in features/dependencies. Usually does not need to be included directly. May be useful for feature tests.
• dither.h: Some helper functions for generating various noise and dithering matrices. Might be useful for somebody else.
• filters.h: A collection of reusable reconstruction filter kernels, which can be used for scaling. The generated weights arrays are semi-tailored to the needs of libplacebo, but may be useful to somebody else regardless. Also contains the structs needed to define a filter kernel for the purposes of libplacebo's upscaling routines.
• tone_mapping.h: A collection of tone mapping functions, used for conversions between HDR and SDR content.

The API functions in this tier are either used throughout the program (context, common etc.) or are low-level implementations of filter kernels, color space conversion logic etc.; which are entirely independent of GLSL and even the GPU in general.

Tier 1 (rendering abstraction)

• gpu.h: Exports the GPU abstraction API used by libplacebo internally.
• swapchain.h: Exports an API for wrapping platform-specific swapchains and other display APIs. This is the API used to actually queue up rendered frames for presentation (e.g. to a window or display device).
• vulkan.h: GPU API implementation based on Vulkan.
• opengl.h: GPU API implementation based on OpenGL.
• d3d11.h: GPU API implementation based on Direct3D 11.
• dummy.h: Dummy GPI API (interfaces with CPU only, no shader support)

As part of the public API, libplacebo exports a middle-level abstraction for dealing with GPU objects and state. Basically, this is the API libplacebo uses internally to wrap OpenGL, Vulkan, Direct3D etc. into a single unifying API subset that abstracts away state, messy details, synchronization etc. into a fairly high-level API suitable for libplacebo's image processing tasks.

It's made public both because it constitutes part of the public API of various image processing functions, but also in the hopes that it will be useful for other developers of GPU-accelerated image processing software.

Tier 2 (GLSL generating primitives)

• shaders.h: The low-level interface to shader generation. This can be used to generate GLSL stubs suitable for inclusion in other programs, as part of larger shaders. For example, a program might use this interface to generate a specialized tone-mapping function for performing color space conversions, then call that from their own fragment shader code. This abstraction has an optional dependency on gpu.h, but can also be used independently from it.

In addition to this low-level interface, there are several available shader routines which libplacebo exports:

• shaders/colorspace.h: Shader routines for decoding and transforming colors, tone mapping, and so forth.
• shaders/custom.h: Allows directly ingesting custom GLSL logic into the pl_shader abstraction, either as bare GLSL or in mpv .hook format.
• shaders/deinterlacing.h: GPU deinterlacing shader based on yadif.
• shaders/dithering.h: Shader routine for various GPU dithering methods.
• shaders/film_grain.h: Film grain synthesis shaders for AV1 and H.274.
• shaders/icc.h: Shader for ICC profile based color management.
• shaders/lut.h: Code for applying arbitrary 1D/3D LUTs.
• shaders/sampling.h: Shader routines for various algorithms that sample from images, such as debanding and scaling.

Tier 3 (shader dispatch)

• dispatch.h: A higher-level interface to the pl_shader system, based on gpu.h. This dispatch mechanism generates+executes complete GLSL shaders, subject to the constraints and limitations of the underlying GPU.

This shader dispatch mechanism is designed to be combined with the shader processing routines exported by shaders/*.h, but takes care of the low-level translation of the resulting pl_shader_res objects into legal GLSL. It also takes care of resource binding, shader input placement, as well as shader caching and resource pooling; and makes sure all generated shaders have unique identifiers (so they can be freely merged together).

Tier 4 (high level renderer)

• renderer.h: A high-level renderer which combines the shader primitives and dispatch mechanism into a fully-fledged rendering pipeline that takes raw texture data and transforms it into the desired output image.
• utils/frame_queue.h: A high-level frame queuing abstraction. This API can be used to interface with a decoder (or other source of frames), and takes care of translating timestamped frames into a virtual stream of presentation events suitable for use with renderer.h, including any extra context required for frame interpolation (pl_frame_mix).
• utils/upload.h: A high-level helper for uploading generic data in some user-described format to a plane texture suitable for use with renderer.h. These helpers essentially take care of picking/mapping a good image format supported by the GPU. (Note: Eventually, this function will also support on-CPU conversions to a different format where necessary, but for now, it will just fail)
• utils/dav1d.h: High level helper for translating between Dav1dPicture and libplacebo's pl_frame. (Single header library)
• utils/libav.h: High-level helpers for interoperation between libplacebo and FFmpeg's libav* abstractions. (Single header library)

This is the "primary" interface to libplacebo, and the one most users will be interested in. It takes care of internal details such as degrading to simpler algorithms depending on the hardware's capabilities, combining the correct sequence of colorspace transformations and shader passes in order to get the best overall image quality, and so forth.

Authors

libplacebo was founded and primarily developed by Niklas Haas (@haasn), but it would not be possible without the contributions of others. Special note also goes out to wm4, the developer of mpv, whose ideas helped shape the foundation of the shader dispatch system. This library also includes various excerpts from mpv, in particular the filter kernel code. For a full list of past contributors to mpv, see the mpv authorship page

Backers

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License

libplacebo is currently available under the terms of the LGPLv2.1 (or later) license. However, it's possible to release it under a more permissive license (e.g. BSD2) if a use case emerges.

Please open an issue if you have a use case for a BSD2-licensed libplacebo.

Installing

Gentoo

An ebuild is available as media-libs/libplacebo in the gentoo repository.

Obtaining

When cloning libplacebo, make sure to provide the `--recursive``` flag:

$ git clone --recursive https://code.videolan.org/videolan/libplacebo

Alternatively (on an existing clone):

$ git submodule update --init

Doing either of these pulls in a handful of bundled 3rdparty dependencies. Alternatively, they can be provided via the system.

Building from source

libplacebo is built using the meson build system. You can build the project using the following steps:

$ DIR=./build
$ meson $DIR
$ ninja -C$DIR

To rebuild the project on changes, re-run ninja -Cbuild. If you wish to install the build products to the configured prefix (typically /usr/local/), you can run ninja -Cbuild install. Note that this is normally ill-advised except for developers who know what they're doing. Regular users should rely on distro packages.

Dependencies

In principle, libplacebo has no mandatory dependencies - only optional ones. However, to get a useful version of libplacebo. you most likely want to build with support for either opengl, vulkan or d3d11. libplacebo built without these can still be used (e.g. to generate GLSL shaders such as the ones used in VLC), but the usefulness is severely impacted since most components will be missing, impaired or otherwise not functional.

A full list of optional dependencies each feature requires:

• glslang: glslang + its related libraries (e.g. libSPIRV.so)
• lcms: liblcms2
• opengl: glad2 (*)
• shaderc: libshaderc
• vulkan: libvulkan, python3-jinja2 (*)

(*) This dependency is bundled automatically when doing a recursive clone.

Vulkan support

Because the vulkan backend requires on code generation at compile time, python3-mako is a hard dependency of the build system. In addition to this, the path to the Vulkan registry (vk.xml) must be locatable, ideally by explicitly providing it via the -Dvulkan-registry=/path/to/vk.xml option, unless it can be found in one of the built-in hard-coded locations.

Configuring

To get a list of configuration options supported by libplacebo, after running meson $DIR you can run meson configure $DIR, e.g.:

$ meson $DIR
$ meson configure $DIR

If you want to disable a component, for example Vulkan support, you can explicitly set it to false, i.e.:

$ meson configure $DIR -Dvulkan=disabled -Dshaderc=disabled
$ ninja -C$DIR

Testing

To enable building and executing the tests, you need to build with tests enabled, i.e.:

$ meson configure $DIR -Dtests=true
$ ninja -C$DIR test

Benchmarking

A naive benchmark suite is provided as an extra test case, disabled by default (due to the high execution time required). To enable it, use the bench option:

$ meson configure $DIR -Dbench=true
$ meson test -C$DIR benchmark --verbose

Using

For a full documentation of the API, refer to the above API Overview as well as the public header files. You can find additional examples of how to use the various components in the demo programs as well as in the unit tests.