Linux Installfest HOWTO

Eric (Rick) Meyerhoff


          <rick-at-eworld3-dot-net>
        

2004-06-01
Revision History                                                             
Revision 1.1            2004-09-04             Revised by: EM                
Added obfuscated email address.                                              
Revision 1.0            2004-06-01             Revised by: EM                
Initial release. Thanks to Tabatha "CTRL-I" Marshall for all her             
encouragement.                                                               


  This document provides some guidelines that should help you run a
successful installfest.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Table of Contents
1. Introduction
    1.1. Copyright and License
    1.2. Scope
    1.3. Version
    1.4. Disclaimer
   
   
2. Roles
3. Before, During and After
    3.1. Before (preparation)
    3.2. During (on the day of the installfest)
    3.3. After (lessons learned)
   
   
A. Sample Forms
    A.1. Data Sheet
    A.2. Legal Protection
   
   
B. GNU Free Documentation License
    B.1. PREAMBLE
    B.2. APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS
    B.3. VERBATIM COPYING
    B.4. COPYING IN QUANTITY
    B.5. MODIFICATIONS
    B.6. COMBINING DOCUMENTS
    B.7. COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS
    B.8. AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS
    B.9. TRANSLATION
    B.10. TERMINATION
    B.11. FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE
    B.12. ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents
   
   
C. Useful Web Sites

1. Introduction

  This document provides some guidelines that should help you run a
successful installfest. For purposes of this document, an installfest is a
gathering at which experienced Linux users assist less experienced users with
the installation and configuration of Linux distributions, and where Linux
users can bring Linux systems to receive assistance with system problem
remediation.

  Please take from this document whatever you want. It is meant to be a
guide, not a recipe that must be followed exactly to have a successful
installfest. Any installfest where most of the people leave happy is a
successful event.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

1.1. Copyright and License

  Copyright (c) 2003, 2004 Eric Meyerhoff. Permission is granted to copy,
distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free
Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version published by the Free
Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no
Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled
"GNU Free Documentation License".
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

1.2. Scope

  In order to limit the scope of this document, there are some issues that
will not be covered:

  *   While other activities may occur at the same time and in roughly the
    same location as an installfest, they will not be considered part of the
    installfest for the purposes of this document.
   
  *   This document does not include any discussion of technical issues
    related to the installation of any Linux distribution.
   
  *   This document does not currently contain any discussion of installfest
    server or network configuration, although such a discussion may be added
    to this document in the future. It may be more appropriate for such
    information to be contained in a separate HOWTO.
   
  *   This document does not contain any discussion of new user education.
   

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
1.3. Version

  The current version of this document can be found at   The Linux
Documentation Project (http://www.tldp.org)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

1.4. Disclaimer

  No liability for the contents of this document can be accepted. Use the
concepts, examples and information at your own risk. There may be errors and
inaccuracies, that could be damaging to your system. Proceed with caution,
and although it is highly unlikely that accidents will happen because of
following advice or procedures described in this document, the author(s) take
no responsibility for damage claimed to be caused by doing so.

  All copyrights are held by their by their respective owners, unless
specifically noted otherwise. Use of a term in this document should not be
regarded as affecting the validity of any trademark or service mark. Naming
of particular products or brands should not be seen as endorsements. No
liability for the contents of this document can be accepted.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

2. Roles

  People involved in an installfest will assume one or more of the following
roles

 

coordinator
      contact for all other participants
   
host
      has the connection to the location
   
sponsor
      represents an organization that provides the location, equipment,
    network, materials, food, beverages, etc. to the installfest
   
user
      needs assistance installing a Linux distribution or solving a specific
    problem
   
receptionist
     
   
      +   greets people as they come in, gives them a name tag and has them
        sign a waiver
       
      +   can direct people to the restrooms, the nearest computer store
       
      +   orders food and beverages
       
   
tier 1 support
      people who are knowledgeable about Linux and are willing to share their
    knowledge and provide hands-on assistance to users
   
tier 2 support
      sets up and maintains network hardware and services (DNS, DHCP),
    mirrors of Linux distributions
   

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
3. Before, During and After

  This HOWTO has three sections for things you should think about or do 
before, during and after the day of the installfest. It is assumed that you
will be having installfests periodically and hopefully regularly.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

3.1. Before (preparation)

3.1.1. date, time and duration

  In order to reach the more people, fests should be held on both weekends
and weekdays. The time of day is not as important as the duration of the
fest, which should be 6 to 10 hours. Here is why:

 

  *   some people will not be able to arrive when the fest starts
   
  *   it takes time to get systems moved in, connected, disconnected and
    moved out of the working area
   
  *   making sub-systems like sound, printers and other peripherals function
    properly sometimes takes as long as a Linux installation
   
  *   some people want to get some life out of older CPUs but OS installation
    takes longer on slower machines
   

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
3.1.2. location

  Make sure that the place where your installfest will be held has:

 

strong tables
      Each table may have to hold multiple monitors and computers.
   
restrooms
   
chairs
      People will want to sit down since they will be at the fest for several
    hours.
   
Internet access
      Some people will want to know that they can access the Internet from
    their computer. Some people will need to download drivers or other
    software. A lot of helpful information is available on the Net. There is
    a list of Web sites at the end of this document.
   
an address that is easy to find
      A map and simple directions will help.
   
telephone connection
      A normal line, not through a PBX, not digital, just POTS will be useful
    for testing modems.
   
an easy way to get hardware in and out
      How will people bring their hardware from their cars to the
    installation room? Are carts and elevators available?
   
sufficient AC power
      Try to make sure that you have enough power for the number of computers
    that you expect people to bring. You do not want people to suddenly lose
    power because one person too many turned on his or her computer.
   
      How much power does a computer need? Laptops need about 0.5 amps. For a
    desktop/tower/workstation type of computer the amount of power needed
    depends on the monitor, number of disk drives, etc. Basically though, if
    everything is connected to one power strip, then they need at most 3 to 4
    amps at the moment that the power is turned on and 1.5 to 2 amps while
    they are running.
   
      You should try to have access to the circuit breakers either directly
    or through readily available maintenance staff.
   

  If you are lucky you will be able to make arrangements to regularly hold
installfests at a few locations that meet your needs. If possible you should
hold your fests at a variety of locations such as technical colleges,
universities and businesses because Linux is for everyone.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

3.1.3. administration

 

Linux distributions (distros)
      Make sure that you will have several copies of the latest versions of
    the major Linux distributions available on CD. Some users will need small
    /minimal distributions on floppy disks so make sure that those are
    available. To learn which distributions to make available, please do a
    little research on the Web sites listed in the appendix of this document.
   
installfest server
      You may want to consider setting up a server for:
   
      + DNS
       
      + DHCP
       
      + mirrors of distributions
       
   
      You should provide multiple methods of accessing the distributions on
    the server:
   
      + FTP
       
      + rcp
       
      + HTTP
       
      + CD burning
       
      + NFS
       
   
      In order to conserve disk space you can create a virtual CD-ROM
    jukebox. See Randolph J. Tata's "CDServer-HOWTO" ([http://talcon.com/
    cdserver-howto/]   http://talcon.com/cdserver-howto/) and Jeremy Impson's
    article "Build a Virtual CD-ROM Jukebox" (  http://www.linuxjournal.com/
    article.php?sid=5639 ) for more information.
   
      Hopefully someone will create a new Linux distribution to make it easy
    to set up such a server.
   
name tags
      Something similar to the classic "hello my name is:" stickers.
   
misc. office supplies
      You may want to make some of the following items available: scratch
    paper, ball-point pens, sharpies, scissors, stapler, duct tape, packing
    tape, blank FAT formatted floppy disks (used are fine), blank CD-R media.
   
advertising
      People will need to know:
   
      + when and where the installfest will be held
       
      + what to expect: waiver, soft drinks, pizza
       
      +   that if they wish to install a Linux distribution should bring
        every part of their computer system: monitor, keyboard, mouse,
        speakers, USB devices, power strip. Support people will need all the
        components to make sure everything is functioning properly.
       
      +   that they may want to bring blank CD-R media to trade for copies of
        distributions on CD-R (they should determine the number of disks
        needed for each distribution)
       
   
      Here are some places to consider advertising:
   
      + local computer user Web sites
       
      + local news media
       
      + local computer retail stores
       
      +   [http://www.installfest.org/]   www.installfest.org - although it
        currently looks inactive
       
   
minimum system requirements
      Some people will want to install Linux on very old/slow systems in an
    attempt to make them usable. This is OK, but there are limitations.
    Please look at the distributions area of [http://www.linux.org]  
    www.linux.org for minimalist distributions. You may want to include
    minimum system requirements in your installfest advertisement so that
    people do not show up with an old machine, hoping to turn it into a
    power-house but leave disappointed.
   
networking equipment
      someone will need to bring network switches and cables
   
signage
      You should have a few signs posted to help people find their way around
    the location and provide other information. Some examples are:
   
      +   main entrance: So people know that they have found the right
        location.
       
      +   reception desk: People will need to find the reception desk from
        the main entrance.
       
      +   installation room: People will need to know how to get to the
        installation from the reception desk.
       
      + rest rooms
       
      + networking information
       
   
food and beverages
      Due to the duration of an installfest you should consider the
    availability of food and drink.
   
      Pizza usually works out well. Tell people that you will be collecting a
    specific amount of money at the door for pizza. If they do not want to
    share some pizza, then they do not need to pay. In order to know who has
    paid, use an ink stamp to mark their hand. Do not forget paper plates and
    napkins.
   
      If there are no vending machines at the location you may want to
    provide soft drinks, including water and possibly coffee during the fest.
    If you do provide drinks, you should consider selling them at cost.
   

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
3.2. During (on the day of the installfest)

 

 1.   before the starting time
   
      The people who run the fest need to be at the location at least one
    hour before the fest is to begin. They will need time to set up the
    network, installfest server, power system, signage, etc.
   
 2.   at the door/reception
   
      Depending on how you have decided to operate your fest, the
    receptionist will:
   
      + ask users to sign a waiver
       
      + ask users to fill out a data sheet
       
      + ask all attendees to contribute money for food and/or drinks
       
      + give all attendees name tags
       
   
 3.   during
   
      Since you are using this HOWTO, everything will work out fine. People
    should understand that it is OK to ask around for help.
   
 4.   after the fest is finished
   
      Make sure that all areas are cleaned up because you may want to use the
    location again and you do not want to give the location owner a bad
    impression. Look for: items people have forgotten, items that people
    brought as "give aways", drink cans and cups.
   

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
3.3. After (lessons learned)

  We would like to continually improve this document and everyone's
installfest experience, so please share with us:

  * what went wrong?
   
  * what went well?
   
  * new ideas?
   
  * How this document helped or hindered you.
   

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
A. Sample Forms

A.1. Data Sheet

  This data sheet is intended to be filled out by users when they arrive at
the reception area.

  Installfest Data Sheet

  This form is for your benefit! It will help you and anyone who works on
your computer to make reasonable decisions. Please complete one form per
computer. If you don't know the answer now, just wait until you do.

  Your name: ______________________________________________________

  CPU type: __________________________________ speed: ________ megahertz /
gigahertz

  RAM: _________ megabytes

  Hard drive 1: ______gigabytes 2: ______gigabytes 3: ______gigabytes 4:
______gigabytes

  Video card: ____________________________

  Monitor: ______________________________

  Sound card: __________________________________________

  Does this computer have (circle all that apply):

  * CD or CD-RW drive
   
  * DVD
   
  * floppy drive
   
  * network interface
   
  * modem / winmodem
   
  * printer
   
  * other: _________________________________________
   

  Which of these do you want to do:

 1.   Install Linux:
   
      What distribution? ____________________________
   
      Do you need disks? Yes / No
   
 2.   Fix one or more specific problems with an installation of Linux:
   
      What distribution is installed? __________________
   
      List the software tool(s) and/or hardware that you need help fixing:
    __________________________________________
   
 3.   Other, please explain:____________________________
   

  Do you want to (circle one):

 1.   Dual-boot Linux and an already-installed OS?
   
      What is the name of other O.S.? ______________________
   
 2.   Install Linux as the only O.S.?
   
 3.   Install multiple Linux distributions?
   

  What do you want to use the computer for? (circle all that apply)

  * Internet access and usage
   
  * learn Linux
   
  * firewall
   
  * server
   
  * writing documents
   
  * music/image storage
   
  * other (please explain):
   

  What is your skill level with (circle all that apply):

 1.   Linux/Unix:
   
    first-timer
   
    rookie beginner
   
    intermediate
   
    advanced
   
    guru
   
 2.   computer hardware:
   
    first-timer
   
    rookie beginner
   
    intermediate
   
    advanced
   
    guru
   
 3.   ______________________ :
   
    first-timer
   
    rookie beginner
   
    intermediate
   
    advanced
   
    guru
   

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
A.2. Legal Protection

  You may want to consider having users sign some kind of agreement before
any work is performed on their systems. Such a document will make it clear to
users exactly what they can and cannot expect from the installfest.

  If you do decide to use one of these documents, please have it reviewed by
a lawyer in your area.

  If you do have an agreement approved by a lawyer, please contribute to the
Linux community by sending a copy to the lead author of this HOWTO so that it
may be included in future versions.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

A.2.1. Release

  The following is a significantly modified version of a form posted on David
Pitts's Web site.

INSTALLFEST RELEASE FORM

  By signing this release agreement between you and the group holding the
installfest (members of the __________________________ Linux User's Group,
hereinafter referred to as Installers), you give up certain legal rights.
Therefore, you should read the agreement carefully. If you have any questions
about the legal effect of this agreement, you should consult an attorney and
not any of the Installers. Please be aware that you may not participate in
the installfest event unless you have signed this agreement. By signing this
release agreement, you acknowledge the following:

 1.   That your signing this agreement is partial consideration for the
    services provided by Installers.
   
 2.   That Installers do not promise that the work done on your computer
    equipment will be successful. An Installer will help you attempt to
    install, configure, or otherwise get the Linux operating system to work
    on your computer equipment. However, because of possible defects in
    computer software or computer hardware, including improperly configured
    computer hardware, not every attempt is successful.
   
 3.   That the attempt to install, configure, or otherwise get the Linux
    operating system to work on your computer equipment has inherent dangers
    that no amount of care, caution, instruction, or expertise can eliminate.
   
 4.   That any attempt to install, configure, or otherwise get the Linux
    operating system to work on your computer equipment, especially including
    any attempt to partition or re-partition your computer's hard drive, may
    result in the loss of some or all of the data stored on that hard drive.
    That you are hereby advised that you should back up all important data
    before the attempt to install, configure or otherwise get the Linux
    operating system to work on your computer equipment.
   
 5.   That an installfest is an inherently chaotic event at which many
    computer components, peripherals and systems are present; therefore, you
    are responsible for the security of your property.
   
 6.   That you are expressly assuming the risks of the dangers set forth
    above.
   
 7.   That by signing this release agreement, you hereby forever release the
    Installers from any legal liability they might have arising from the
    attempt to install, configure, or otherwise get the Linux operating
    system to run on your computer equipment. That this release includes, but
    is not limited to, any losses caused by the negligence of any Installer
    who attempts to install, configure or otherwise get the Linux operating
    system to work on your computer.
   

  By signing below, you agree that you understand the terms above:

  Your:

  signature: __________________________________________________

  name: _______________________________________________________

  month: ____________ day: __________ year: ________

  Witness: signature: __________________________________________________

  name: _______________________________________________________

  month: ____________ day: __________ year: ________
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

A.2.2. Waiver

  The following is Copyright 1998 Chris Halsall and the [http://www.vlug.org
/]   Victoria Linux Users Group. Reuse permitted for Open Source Software
promotion.

Linux InstallFest Waiver

  I, _______________________________ acknowledge that I am participating in
the "Linux Install Festival" entirely at my own risk. I assume responsibility
for the integrity of the data on my computer system, have backed up all
important data, and I will hold the volunteer helpers blameless for any
damage to my computer system, to my data, or any other damages or liability
that may result through my participation in this event. I further agree to be
responsible for any licensing fees, shareware registrations, or other
licensing requirements that may apply to the software I will receive. The
purpose of this event is to distribute software packages that are Open
Source, legally distributable with no charge to the user.

  Every reasonable effort will be made to ensure that my system operates
correctly before and after the installation, but I recognize that, because
the software installed at this event is licensed free of charge, the
copyright holder(s) and volunteer helpers and/or other parties provide this
material "as is" without warranty of any kind, either expressed or implied,
including, but not limited to, the implied warranties of merchantability and
fitness for a particular purpose. The entire risk as to the quality and
performance of this software, and the accuracy of its associated
documentation, is with me. Should this software or its associated
documentation prove defective, I assume the cost of all necessary servicing,
repair, or correction.

  Signature: __________________________________ Date: ___________
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

B. GNU Free Documentation License

Version 1.2, November 2002

   
    Copyright (C) 2000,2001,2002 Free Software Foundation, Inc. 59 Temple
    Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA Everyone is permitted to copy
    and distribute verbatim copies of this license document, but changing it
    is not allowed.
   
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
B.1. PREAMBLE

The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other
functional and useful document "free" in the sense of freedom: to assure
everyone the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it, with or without
modifying it, either commercially or non-commercially. Secondarily, this
License preserves for the author and publisher a way to get credit for their
work, while not being considered responsible for modifications made by
others.

This License is a kind of "copyleft", which means that derivative works of
the document must themselves be free in the same sense. It complements the
GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft license designed for free
software.

We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for free
software, because free software needs free documentation: a free program
should come with manuals providing the same freedoms that the software does.
But this License is not limited to software manuals; it can be used for any
textual work, regardless of subject matter or whether it is published as a
printed book. We recommend this License principally for works whose purpose
is instruction or reference.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

B.2. APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS

This License applies to any manual or other work, in any medium, that
contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it can be distributed
under the terms of this License. Such a notice grants a world-wide,
royalty-free license, unlimited in duration, to use that work under the
conditions stated herein. The "Document", below, refers to any such manual or
work. Any member of the public is a licensee, and is addressed as "you". You
accept the license if you copy, modify or distribute the work in a way
requiring permission under copyright law.

A "Modified Version" of the Document means any work containing the Document
or a portion of it, either copied verbatim, or with modifications and/or
translated into another language.

A "Secondary Section" is a named appendix or a front-matter section of the
Document that deals exclusively with the relationship of the publishers or
authors of the Document to the Document's overall subject (or to related
matters) and contains nothing that could fall directly within that overall
subject. (Thus, if the Document is in part a textbook of mathematics, a
Secondary Section may not explain any mathematics.) The relationship could be
a matter of historical connection with the subject or with related matters,
or of legal, commercial, philosophical, ethical or political position
regarding them.

The "Invariant Sections" are certain Secondary Sections whose titles are
designated, as being those of Invariant Sections, in the notice that says
that the Document is released under this License. If a section does not fit
the above definition of Secondary then it is not allowed to be designated as
Invariant. The Document may contain zero Invariant Sections. If the Document
does not identify any Invariant Sections then there are none.

The "Cover Texts" are certain short passages of text that are listed, as
Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the notice that says that the
Document is released under this License. A Front-Cover Text may be at most 5
words, and a Back-Cover Text may be at most 25 words.

A "Transparent" copy of the Document means a machine-readable copy,
represented in a format whose specification is available to the general
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generic text editors or (for images composed of pixels) generic paint
programs or (for drawings) some widely available drawing editor, and that is
suitable for input to text formatters or for automatic translation to a
variety of formats suitable for input to text formatters. A copy made in an
otherwise Transparent file format whose mark-up, or absence of mark-up, has
been arranged to thwart or discourage subsequent modification by readers is
not Transparent. An image format is not Transparent if used for any
substantial amount of text. A copy that is not "Transparent" is called
"Opaque".

Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include plain ASCII
without mark-up, Texinfo input format, LaTeX input format, SGML or XML using
a publicly available DTD, and standard-conforming simple HTML, PostScript or
PDF designed for human modification. Examples of transparent image formats
include PNG, XCF and JPG. Opaque formats include proprietary formats that can
be read and edited only by proprietary word processors, SGML or XML for which
the DTD and/or processing tools are not generally available, and the
machine-generated HTML, PostScript or PDF produced by some word processors
for output purposes only.

The "Title Page" means, for a printed book, the title page itself, plus such
following pages as are needed to hold, legibly, the material this License
requires to appear in the title page. For works in formats which do not have
any title page as such, "Title Page" means the text near the most prominent
appearance of the work's title, preceding the beginning of the body of the
text.

A section "Entitled XYZ" means a named subunit of the Document whose title
either is precisely XYZ or contains XYZ in parentheses following text that
translates XYZ in another language. (Here XYZ stands for a specific section
name mentioned below, such as "Acknowledgments", "Dedications",
"Endorsements", or "History".) To "Preserve the Title" of such a section when
you modify the Document means that it remains a section "Entitled XYZ"
according to this definition.

The Document may include Warranty Disclaimers next to the notice which states
that this License applies to the Document. These Warranty Disclaimers are
considered to be included by reference in this License, but only as regards
disclaiming warranties: any other implication that these Warranty Disclaimers
may have is void and has no effect on the meaning of this License.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

B.3. VERBATIM COPYING

You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either commercially
or non-commercially, provided that this License, the copyright notices, and
the license notice saying this License applies to the Document are reproduced
in all copies, and that you add no other conditions whatsoever to those of
this License. You may not use technical measures to obstruct or control the
reading or further copying of the copies you make or distribute. However, you
may accept compensation in exchange for copies. If you distribute a large
enough number of copies you must also follow the conditions in section 3.

You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated above, and you may
publicly display copies.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

B.4. COPYING IN QUANTITY

If you publish printed copies (or copies in media that commonly have printed
covers) of the Document, numbering more than 100, and the Document's license
notice requires Cover Texts, you must enclose the copies in covers that
carry, clearly and legibly, all these Cover Texts: Front-Cover Texts on the
front cover, and Back-Cover Texts on the back cover. Both covers must also
clearly and legibly identify you as the publisher of these copies. The front
cover must present the full title with all words of the title equally
prominent and visible. You may add other material on the covers in addition.
Copying with changes limited to the covers, as long as they preserve the
title of the Document and satisfy these conditions, can be treated as
verbatim copying in other respects.

If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit legibly, you
should put the first ones listed (as many as fit reasonably) on the actual
cover, and continue the rest onto adjacent pages.

If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document numbering more
than 100, you must either include a machine-readable Transparent copy along
with each Opaque copy, or state in or with each Opaque copy a
computer-network location from which the general network-using public has
access to download using public-standard network protocols a complete
Transparent copy of the Document, free of added material. If you use the
latter option, you must take reasonably prudent steps, when you begin
distribution of Opaque copies in quantity, to ensure that this Transparent
copy will remain thus accessible at the stated location until at least one
year after the last time you distribute an Opaque copy (directly or through
your agents or retailers) of that edition to the public.

It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of the
Document well before redistributing any large number of copies, to give them
a chance to provide you with an updated version of the Document.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

B.5. MODIFICATIONS

You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document under the
conditions of sections 2 and 3 above, provided that you release the Modified
Version under precisely this License, with the Modified Version filling the
role of the Document, thus licensing distribution and modification of the
Modified Version to whoever possesses a copy of it. In addition, you must do
these things in the Modified Version:

 A. Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a title distinct from
    that of the Document, and from those of previous versions (which should,
    if there were any, be listed in the History section of the Document). You
    may use the same title as a previous version if the original publisher of
    that version gives permission.
   
 B. List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more persons or entities
    responsible for authorship of the modifications in the Modified Version,
    together with at least five of the principal authors of the Document (all
    of its principal authors, if it has fewer than five), unless they release
    you from this requirement.
   
 C. State on the Title page the name of the publisher of the Modified
    Version, as the publisher.
   
 D. Preserve all the copyright notices of the Document.
   
 E. Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modifications adjacent to
    the other copyright notices.
   
 F. Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a license notice giving
    the public permission to use the Modified Version under the terms of this
    License, in the form shown in the Addendum below.
   
 G. Preserve in that license notice the full lists of Invariant Sections and
    required Cover Texts given in the Document's license notice.
   
 H. Include an unaltered copy of this License.
   
 I. Preserve the section Entitled "History", Preserve its Title, and add to
    it an item stating at least the title, year, new authors, and publisher
    of the Modified Version as given on the Title Page. If there is no
    section Entitled "History" in the Document, create one stating the title,
    year, authors, and publisher of the Document as given on its Title Page,
    then add an item describing the Modified Version as stated in the
    previous sentence.
   
 J. Preserve the network location, if any, given in the Document for public
    access to a Transparent copy of the Document, and likewise the network
    locations given in the Document for previous versions it was based on.
    These may be placed in the "History" section. You may omit a network
    location for a work that was published at least four years before the
    Document itself, or if the original publisher of the version it refers to
    gives permission.
   
 K. For any section Entitled "Acknowledgments" or "Dedications", Preserve the
    Title of the section, and preserve in the section all the substance and
    tone of each of the contributor acknowledgments and/or dedications given
    therein.
   
 L. Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document, unaltered in their
    text and in their titles. Section numbers or the equivalent are not
    considered part of the section titles.
   
 M. Delete any section Entitled "Endorsements". Such a section may not be
    included in the Modified Version.
   
 N. Do not re-title any existing section to be Entitled "Endorsements" or to
    conflict in title with any Invariant Section.
   
 O. Preserve any Warranty Disclaimers.
   

If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or appendices that
qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no material copied from the
Document, you may at your option designate some or all of these sections as
invariant. To do this, add their titles to the list of Invariant Sections in
the Modified Version's license notice. These titles must be distinct from any
other section titles.

You may add a section Entitled "Endorsements", provided it contains nothing
but endorsements of your Modified Version by various parties--for example,
statements of peer review or that the text has been approved by an
organization as the authoritative definition of a standard.

You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover Text, and a
passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end of the list of
Cover Texts in the Modified Version. Only one passage of Front-Cover Text and
one of Back-Cover Text may be added by (or through arrangements made by) any
one entity. If the Document already includes a cover text for the same cover,
previously added by you or by arrangement made by the same entity you are
acting on behalf of, you may not add another; but you may replace the old
one, on explicit permission from the previous publisher that added the old
one.

The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by this License give
permission to use their names for publicity for or to assert or imply
endorsement of any Modified Version.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

B.6. COMBINING DOCUMENTS

You may combine the Document with other documents released under this
License, under the terms defined in section 4 above for modified versions,
provided that you include in the combination all of the Invariant Sections of
all of the original documents, unmodified, and list them all as Invariant
Sections of your combined work in its license notice, and that you preserve
all their Warranty Disclaimers.

The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and multiple
identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single copy. If there are
multiple Invariant Sections with the same name but different contents, make
the title of each such section unique by adding at the end of it, in
parentheses, the name of the original author or publisher of that section if
known, or else a unique number. Make the same adjustment to the section
titles in the list of Invariant Sections in the license notice of the
combined work.

In the combination, you must combine any sections Entitled "History" in the
various original documents, forming one section Entitled "History"; likewise
combine any sections Entitled "Acknowledgments", and any sections Entitled
"Dedications". You must delete all sections Entitled "Endorsements".
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

B.7. COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS

You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other documents
released under this License, and replace the individual copies of this
License in the various documents with a single copy that is included in the
collection, provided that you follow the rules of this License for verbatim
copying of each of the documents in all other respects.

You may extract a single document from such a collection, and distribute it
individually under this License, provided you insert a copy of this License
into the extracted document, and follow this License in all other respects
regarding verbatim copying of that document.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

B.8. AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS

A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other separate and
independent documents or works, in or on a volume of a storage or
distribution medium, is called an "aggregate" if the copyright resulting from
the compilation is not used to limit the legal rights of the compilation's
users beyond what the individual works permit. When the Document is included
in an aggregate, this License does not apply to the other works in the
aggregate which are not themselves derivative works of the Document.

If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these copies of
the Document, then if the Document is less than one half of the entire
aggregate, the Document's Cover Texts may be placed on covers that bracket
the Document within the aggregate, or the electronic equivalent of covers if
the Document is in electronic form. Otherwise they must appear on printed
covers that bracket the whole aggregate.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

B.9. TRANSLATION

Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may distribute
translations of the Document under the terms of section 4. Replacing
Invariant Sections with translations requires special permission from their
copyright holders, but you may include translations of some or all Invariant
Sections in addition to the original versions of these Invariant Sections.
You may include a translation of this License, and all the license notices in
the Document, and any Warranty Disclaimers, provided that you also include
the original English version of this License and the original versions of
those notices and disclaimers. In case of a disagreement between the
translation and the original version of this License or a notice or
disclaimer, the original version will prevail.

If a section in the Document is Entitled "Acknowledgments", "Dedications", or
"History", the requirement (section 4) to Preserve its Title (section 1) will
typically require changing the actual title.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

B.10. TERMINATION

You may not copy, modify, sub-license, or distribute the Document except as
expressly provided for under this License. Any other attempt to copy, modify,
sub-license or distribute the Document is void, and will automatically
terminate your rights under this License. However, parties who have received
copies, or rights, from you under this License will not have their licenses
terminated so long as such parties remain in full compliance.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

B.11. FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE

The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions of the GNU
Free Documentation License from time to time. Such new versions will be
similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to address
new problems or concerns. See http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/.

Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version number. If the
Document specifies that a particular numbered version of this License "or any
later version" applies to it, you have the option of following the terms and
conditions either of that specified version or of any later version that has
been published (not as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation. If the
Document does not specify a version number of this License, you may choose
any version ever published (not as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

B.12. ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents

To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of the
License in the document and put the following copyright and license notices
just after the title page:

   
      Copyright (c) YEAR YOUR NAME. Permission is granted to copy, distribute
    and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation
    License, Version 1.2 or any later version published by the Free Software
    Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no
    Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section
    entitled "GNU Free Documentation License".
   
If you have Invariant Sections, Front-Cover Texts and Back-Cover Texts,
replace the "with...Texts." line with this:

   
      with the Invariant Sections being LIST THEIR TITLES, with the
    Front-Cover Texts being LIST, and with the Back-Cover Texts being LIST.
   
If you have Invariant Sections without Cover Texts, or some other combination
of the three, merge those two alternatives to suit the situation.

If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we recommend
releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of free software
license, such as the GNU General Public License, to permit their use in free
software.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

C. Useful Web Sites

  These Web sites may be useful in planning and running an installfest:

  *     The Linux Documentation Project (www.tldp.org)
   
  *   [http://www.linux.org] www.linux.org
   
  *   [http://www.distrowatch.com]   www.distrowatch.com
   

