lftp(1)

NAME
lftp - Sophisticated file transfer program

SYNTAX
lftp [-d] [-e cmd] [-p port] [-u user[,pass]] [site]
lftp -f script_file
lftp -c commands
lftp --version
lftp --help

VERSION
This man page documents lftp version 3.6.0.

DESCRIPTION
lftp is a file transfer program that allows sophisticated ftp, http and other connections to other hosts. If site is specified then lftp will connect to that site otherwise a connection has to be established with the open command.

lftp can handle several file access methods - ftp, ftps, http, https, hftp, fish, sftp and file (https and ftps are only available when lftp is compiled with GNU TLS or OpenSSL library). You can specify the method to use in `open URL' command, e.g. `open http://www.us.kernel.org/pub/linux'. hftp is ftp-over-http-proxy protocol. It can be used automatically instead of ftp if ftp:proxy is set to `http://proxy[:port]'. Fish is a protocol working over an ssh connection to a unix account. SFtp is a protocol implemented in ssh2 as sftp subsystem.

Every operation in lftp is reliable, that is any not fatal error is ignored and the operation is repeated. So if downloading breaks, it will be restarted from the point automatically. Even if ftp server does not support REST command, lftp will try to retrieve the file from the very beginning until the file is transferred completely. lftp has shell-like command syntax allowing you to launch several commands in parallel in background (&). It is also possible to group commands within () and execute them in background. All background jobs are executed in the same single process. You can bring a foreground job to background with ^Z (c-z) and back with command `wait' (or `fg' which is alias to `wait'). To list running jobs, use command `jobs'. Some commands allow redirecting their output (cat, ls, ...) to file or via pipe to external command. Commands can be executed conditionally based on termination status of previous command (&&, ||).

If you exit lftp when some jobs are not finished yet, lftp will move itself to nohup mode in background. The same happens when you have a real modem hangup or when you close an xterm.

lftp has builtin mirror which can download or update a whole directory tree. There is also reverse mirror (mirror -R) which uploads or updates a directory tree on server. Mirror can also synchronize directories between two remote servers, using FXP if available.

There is command `at' to launch a job at specified time in current context, command `queue' to queue commands for sequential execution for current server, and much more.

On startup, lftp executes /etc/lftp.conf and then ~/.lftprc and ~/.lftp/rc. You can place aliases and `set' commands there. Some people prefer to see full protocol debug, use `debug' to turn the debug on. Use `debug 3' to see only greeting messages and error messages.

lftp has a number of settable variables. You can use `set -a' to see all variables and their values or `set -d' to see list of defaults. Variable names can be abbreviated and prefix can be omitted unless the rest becomes ambiguous.

If lftp was compiled with OpenSSL (configure --with-openssl), then it includes software developed by the OpenSSL Project for use in the OpenSSL Toolkit. (http://www.openssl.org/)

  Commands

! shell command

Launch shell or shell command.

!ls

To do a directory listing of the local host. alias [name [value]]

Define or undefine alias name. If value is omitted, the alias is undefined, else it takes the value value. If no argument is given the current aliases are listed.

alias dir ls -lF alias less zmore anon

Sets the user to anonymous. This is the default. at time [ -- command ]

Wait until the given time and execute given (optional) command. See also at(1). bookmark [subcommand]

The bookmark command controls bookmarks.
add <name> [<loc>]    add current place or given location
              to bookmarks and bind to given name
del <name>    remove bookmark with name
edit    start editor on bookmarks file
import <type>    import foreign bookmarks
list    list bookmarks (default)
cache [subcommand]

The cache command controls local memory cache. The following subcommands are recognized:
stat    print cache status (default)
on|off    turn on/off caching
flush    flush cache
size lim    set memory limit, -1 means unlimited
expire Nx    set cache expiration time to N seconds (x=s)
            minutes (x=m) hours (x=h) or days (x=d)

cat files

cat outputs the remote file(s) to stdout. (See also more, zcat and zmore) cd rdir

Change current remote directory. The previous remote directory is stored as `-'. You can do `cd -' to change the directory back. The previous directory for each site is also stored on disk, so you can do `open site; cd -' even after lftp restart. chmod mode files

Change permission mask on remote files. The mode must be an octal number. close [-a]

Close idle connections. By default only with the current server, use -a to close all idle connections. cls [OPTS] files...

`cls' tries to retrieve information about specified files or directories and outputs the information according to format options. The difference between `ls' and `cls' is that `ls' requests the server to format file listing, and `cls' formats it itself, after retrieving all the needed information. See `help cls' for options. command cmd args...

execute given command ignoring aliases. debug [-o file] level|off

Switch debugging to level or turn it off. Use -o to redirect the debug output to a file. echo [-n] string

guess what it does. eval [-f format ] args...

without -f it just executes given arguments as a command. With -f, arguments are transformed into a new command. The format can contain plain text and placeholders $0...$9 and $@, corresponding to the arguments. exit [bg] [top] [kill] [code]

exit will exit from lftp or move to background if there are active jobs. If no job is active, code is passed to operating system as lftp's termination status. If code is omitted, the exit code of last command is used.

`exit bg' forces moving to background when cmd:move-background is false. `exit top' makes top level `shell' (internal lftp command executor) terminate. `exit kill' kills all numbered jobs before exiting. The options can be combined, e.g. `at 08:00 -- exit top kill &' kills all jobs and makes lftp exit at specified time. fg

Alias for `wait'. find [directory]

List files in the directory (current directory by default) recursively. This can help with servers lacking ls -R support. You can redirect output of this command. ftpcopy

Obsolete. Use one of the following instead: get ftp://... -o ftp://... get -O ftp://... file1 file2... put ftp://... mput ftp://.../* mget -O ftp://... ftp://.../* or other combinations to get FXP transfer (directly between two ftp servers). lftp would fallback to plain copy (via client) if FXP transfer cannot be initiated or ftp:use-fxp is false. get [-E] [-a] [-c] [-O base] rfile [-o lfile] ...

Retrieve the remote file rfile and store it as the local file lfile. If -o is omitted, the file is stored to local file named as base name of rfile. You can get multiple files by specifying multiple instances of rfile (and -o lfile). Does not expand wildcards, use mget for that.
-c    continue, reget
-E    delete source files after successful transfer
-a    use ascii mode (binary is the default)
-O <base>    specifies base directory or URL where files should be placed

Examples: get README get README -o debian.README get README README.mirrors get README -o debian.README README.mirrors -o debian.mirrors get README -o ftp://some.host.org/debian.README get README -o ftp://some.host.org/debian-dir/ (end slash is important) get1 [OPTS] rfile

Transfer a single file. Options:
-o <lfile>    destination file name (default - basename of rfile)
-c    continue, reget
-E    delete source files after successful transfer
-a    use ascii mode (binary is the default)
--source-region=<from-to>
        transfer specified region of source file --target-position=<pos>
        position in target file to write data at glob [-d] [-a] [-f] command patterns

Glob given patterns containing metacharacters and pass result to given command. E.g. ``glob echo *''.
-f    plain files (default)
-d    directories
-a    all types
help [cmd]

Print help for cmd or if no cmd was specified print a list of available commands. jobs [-v]

List running jobs. -v means verbose, several -v can be specified. kill all|job_no

Delete specified job with job_no or all jobs. (For job_no see jobs) lcd ldir

Change current local directory ldir. The previous local directory is stored as `-'. You can do `lcd -' to change the directory back. lpwd

Print current working directory on local machine. ls params

List remote files. You can redirect output of this command to file or via pipe to external command. By default, ls output is cached, to see new listing use rels or cache flush. mget [-c] [-d] [-a] [-E] [-O base] files

Gets selected files with expanded wildcards.

-c    continue, reget.
-d    create directories the same as file names and get
        the files into them instead of current directory.
-E    delete source files after successful transfer
-a    use ascii mode (binary is the default)
-O <base>    specifies base directory or URL where files should be placed
mirror [OPTS] [source [target]]

Mirror specified source directory to local target directory. If target directory ends with a slash, the source base name is appended to target directory name. Source and/or target can be URLs pointing to directories.

-c, --continue    continue a mirror job if possible
-e, --delete    delete files not present at remote site
    --delete-first    delete old files before transferring new ones
    --depth-first    descend into subdirectories before transferring files
-s, --allow-suid    set suid/sgid bits according to remote site
    --allow-chown    try to set owner and group on files
    --ascii    use ascii mode transfers (implies --ignore-size)
    --ignore-time    ignore time when deciding whether to download
    --ignore-size    ignore size when deciding whether to download
    --only-missing    download only missing files
    --only-existing    download only files already existing at target
-n, --only-newer    download only newer files (-c won't work)
    --no-empty-dirs    don't create empty directories (implies --depth-first)
-r, --no-recursion    don't go to subdirectories
    --no-symlinks    don't create symbolic links
-p, --no-perms    don't set file permissions
    --no-umask    don't apply umask to file modes
-R, --reverse    reverse mirror (put files)
-L, --dereference    download symbolic links as files
-N, --newer-than=SPEC    download only files newer than specified time
    --on-change=CMD    execute the command if anything has been changed
    --older-than=SPEC    download only files older than specified time
    --size-range=RANGE    download only files with size in specified range
-P, --parallel[=N]    download N files in parallel
    --use-pget[-n=N]    use pget to transfer every single file
    --loop    loop until no changes found
-i RX, --include RX    include matching files
-x RX, --exclude RX    exclude matching files
-I GP, --include-glob GP    include matching files
-X GP, --exclude-glob GP    exclude matching files
-v, --verbose[=level]    verbose operation
    --log=FILE    write lftp commands being executed to FILE
    --script=FILE    write lftp commands to FILE, but don't execute them
    --just-print, --dry-run    same as --script=-
    --use-cache    use cached directory listings
--Remove-source-files    remove files after transfer (use with caution)
-a    same as --allow-chown --allow-suid --no-umask

When using -R, the first directory is local and the second is remote. If the second directory is omitted, base name of first directory is used. If both directories are omitted, current local and remote directories are used. If target directory ends with a slash (except root directory) then base name of source directory is appended.

RX is an extended regular expression, just like in egrep(1).

GP is a glob pattern, e.g. `*.zip'.

Include and exclude options can be specified multiple times. It means that a file or directory would be mirrored if it matches an include and does not match to excludes after the include, or does not match anything and the first check is exclude. Directories are matched with a slash appended.

Note that symbolic links are not created when uploading to remote server, because ftp protocol cannot do it. To upload files the links refer to, use `mirror -RL' command (treat symbolic links as files).

For option --newer-than you can either specify a file or time specification like that used by at(1) command, e.g. `now-7days' or `week ago'. If you specify a file, then modification time of that file will be used.

Verbosity level can be selected using --verbose=level option or by several -v options, e.g. -vvv. Levels are: 0 - no output (default) 1 - print actions 2 - +print not deleted file names (when -e is not specified) 3 - +print directory names which are mirrored

--only-newer turns off file size comparison and uploads/downloads only newer files even if size is different. By default older files are transferred and replace newer ones.

You can mirror between two servers if you specify URLs instead of directories. FXP is used automatically for transfers between ftp servers, if possible.

Some ftp servers hide dot-files by default (e.g. .htaccess), and show them only when LIST command is used with -a option. In such case try to use `set ftp:list-options -a'. mkdir [-p] dir(s)

Make remote directories. If -p is used, make all components of paths. module module [ args ]

Load given module using dlopen(3) function. If module name does not contain a slash, it is searched in directories specified by module:path variable. Arguments are passed to module_init function. See README.modules for technical details. more files

Same as `cat files | more'. if PAGER is set, it is used as filter. (See also cat, zcat and zmore) mput [-c] [-d] [-a] [-E] [-O base] files

Upload files with wildcard expansion. By default it uses the base name of local name as remote one. This can be changed by `-d' option.
-c    continue, reput
-d    create directories the same as in file names and put the
        files into them instead of current directory
-E    delete source files after successful transfer (dangerous)
-a    use ascii mode (binary is the default)
-O <base>    specifies base directory or URL where files should be placed
mrm file(s)

Same as `glob rm'. Removes specified file(s) with wildcard expansion. mv file1 file2

Rename file1 to file2. nlist [args]

List remote file names open [-e cmd] [-u user[,pass]] [-p port] host|url

Select an ftp server. pget [OPTS] rfile [-o lfile] Gets the specified file using several connections. This can speed up transfer, but loads the net and server heavily impacting other users. Use only if you really have to transfer the file ASAP. Options:
-c    continue transfer. Requires lfile.lftp-pget-status file.
-n maxconn    set maximum number of connections (default is taken from pget:default-n setting)

put [-E] [-a] [-c] [-O base] lfile [-o rfile]

Upload lfile with remote name rfile. If -o omitted, the base name of lfile is used as remote name. Does not expand wildcards, use mput for that.
-o <rfile>    specifies remote file name (default - basename of lfile)
-c    continue, reput
        it requires permission to overwrite remote files
-E    delete source files after successful transfer (dangerous)
-a    use ascii mode (binary is the default)
-O <base>    specifies base directory or URL where files should be placed
pwd [-p]

Print current remote URL. Use `-p' option to show password in the URL. queue [-n num ] cmd

Add the given command to queue for sequential execution. Each site has its own queue. `-n' adds the command before the given item in the queue. Don't try to queue `cd' or `lcd' commands, it may confuse lftp. Instead do the cd/lcd before `queue' command, and it will remember the place in which the command is to be done. It is possible to queue up an already running job by `queue wait <jobno>', but the job will continue execution even if it is not the first in queue.

`queue stop' will stop the queue, it will not execute any new commands, but already running jobs will continue to run. You can use `queue stop' to create an empty stopped queue. `queue start' will resume queue execution. When you exit lftp, it will start all stopped queues automatically.

`queue' with no arguments will either create a stopped queue or print queue status. queue --delete|-d [index or wildcard expression]

Delete one or more items from the queue. If no argument is given, the last entry in the queue is deleted. queue --move|-m <index or wildcard expression> [index]

Move the given items before the given queue index, or to the end if no destination is given.

-q    Be quiet.
-v    Be verbose.
-Q    Output in a format that can be used to re-queue.
    Useful with --delete.

> get file & [1] get file > queue wait 1 > queue get another_file > cd a_directory > queue get yet_another_file

queue -d 3    Delete the third item in the queue.
queue -m 6 4    Move the sixth item in the queue before the fourth.
queue -m "get*zip" 1    Move all commands matching "get*zip" to the beginning
            of the queue. (The order of the items is preserved.)
queue -d "get*zip"    Delete all commands matching "get*zip".
quote cmd

For FTP - send the command uninterpreted. Use with caution - it can lead to unknown remote state and thus will cause reconnect. You cannot be sure that any change of remote state because of quoted command is solid - it can be reset by reconnect at any time.

For HTTP - specific to HTTP action. Syntax: ``quote <command> [<args>]''. Command may be ``set-cookie'' or ``post''. open http://www.site.net quote set-cookie "variable=value; othervar=othervalue" set http:post-content-type application/x-www-form-urlencoded quote post /cgi-bin/script.cgi "var=value&othervar=othervalue" > local_file

For FISH - send the command uninterpreted. This can be used to execute arbitrary commands on server. The command must not take input or print ### at new line beginning. If it does, the protocol will become out of sync. open fish://server quote find -name \*.zip reget rfile [-o lfile]

Same as `get -c'. rels [args]

Same as `ls', but ignores the cache. renlist [args]

Same as `nlist', but ignores the cache. repeat [ -c <count>] [[-d] delay] [command]

Repeat the command. Between the commands a delay is inserted, by default 1 second. Option `-c' limits number of repeations. Option `--while-ok' breaks loop when command returns non-zero exit code; `--until-ok' breaks on zero exit code. Examples: repeat at tomorrow -- mirror repeat 1d mirror reput lfile [-o rfile]

Same as `put -c'. rm [-r] [-f] files

Remove remote files. Does not expand wildcards, use mrm for that. -r is for recursive directory remove. Be careful, if something goes wrong you can lose files. -f suppress error messages. rmdir dir(s)

Remove remote directories. scache [session]

List cached sessions or switch to specified session. set [var [val]]

Set variable to given value. If the value is omitted, unset the variable. Variable name has format ``name/closure'', where closure can specify exact application of the setting. See below for details. If set is called with no variable then only altered settings are listed. It can be changed by options:

-a    list all settings, including default values
-d    list only default values, not necessary current ones

site site_cmd

Execute site command site_cmd and output the result. You can redirect its output. sleep interval

Sleep given time interval and exit. Interval is in seconds by default, but can be suffixed with 'm', 'h', 'd' for minutes, hours and days respectively. See also at. slot [name]

Select specified slot or list all slots allocated. A slot is a connection to a server, somewhat like a virtual console. You can create multiple slots connected to different servers and switch between them. You can also use slot:name as a pseudo-URL evaluating to that slot location.

Default readline binding allows quick switching between slots named 0-9 using Meta-0 - Meta-9 keys (often you can use Alt instead of Meta). source file
source -e command

Execute commands recorded in file file or returned by specified external command. source ~/.lftp/rc source -e echo help suspend

Stop lftp process. Note that transfers will be also stopped until you continue the process with shell's fg or bg commands. user user [pass]
user URL [pass]

Use specified info for remote login. If you specify an URL with user name, the entered password will be cached so that future URL references can use it. version

Print lftp version. wait [jobno]
wait all

Wait for specified job to terminate. If jobno is omitted, wait for last backgrounded job.

`wait all' waits for all jobs termination. zcat files

Same as cat, but filter each file through zcat. (See also cat, more and zmore) zmore files

Same as more, but filter each file through zcat. (See also cat, zcat and more)

  Settings

On startup, lftp executes ~/.lftprc and ~/.lftp/rc. You can place aliases and `set' commands there. Some people prefer to see full protocol debug, use `debug' to turn the debug on.

There is also a system-wide startup file in /etc/lftp.conf. It can be in different directory, see FILES section.

lftp has the following settable variables (you can also use `set -a' to see all variables and their values):

bmk:save-passwords (boolean)
    save plain text passwords in ~/.lftp/bookmarks on `bookmark add' command. Off by default.

cmd:at-exit (string)
    the commands in string are executed before lftp exits.

cmd:csh-history (boolean)
    enables csh-like history expansion.

cmd:default-protocol (string)
    The value is used when `open' is used with just host name without protocol. Default is `ftp'.

cmd:fail-exit (boolean)
    if true, exit when an unconditional (without || and && at begin) command fails.

cmd:long-running (seconds)
    time of command execution, which is considered as `long' and a beep is done before next prompt. 0 means off.

cmd:ls-default (string)
    default ls argument

cmd:move-background (boolean)
    when false, lftp refuses to go to background when exiting. To force it, use `exit bg'.

cmd:prompt (string)
    The prompt. lftp recognizes the following backslash-escaped special characters that are decoded as follows:
    \@  insert @ if current user is not default
    \a  an ASCII bell character (07)
    \e  an ASCII escape character (033)
    \h  the hostname you are connected to
    \n  newline
    \s  the name of the client (lftp)
    \S  current slot name
    \u  the username of the user you are logged in as
    \U  the URL of the remote site (e.g., ftp://g437.ub.gu.se/home/james/src/lftp)
    \v  the version of lftp (e.g., 2.0.3)
    \w  the current working directory at the remote site
    \W  the base name of the current working directory at the remote site
    \nnn
        the character corresponding to the octal number nnn
    \\  a backslash
    \?  skips next character if previous substitution was empty.
    \[  begin a sequence of non-printing characters, which could be used to embed a terminal control sequence into the prompt
    \]  end a sequence of non-printing characters

cmd:parallel (boolean)
    Number of jobs run in parallel in non-interactive mode. For example, this may be useful for scripts with multiple `get' commands. Note that setting this to a value greater than 1 changes conditional execution behaviour, basically makes it inconsistent.

cmd:queue-parallel (boolean)
    Number of jobs run in parallel in a queue.

cmd:time-style (string)
    This setting is the default value for cls --time-style option.

cache:cache-empty-listings (boolean)
    When false, empty listings are not cached.

cache:enable (boolean)
    When false, cache is disabled.

cache:expire (time interval)
    Positive cache entries expire in this time interval.

cache:expire-negative (time interval)
    Negative cache entries expire in this time interval.

cache:size (number)
    Maximum cache size. When exceeded, oldest cache entries will be removed from cache.

cmd:remote-completion (boolean)
    a boolean to control whether or not lftp uses remote completion.

cmd:verify-host (boolean)
    if true, lftp resolves host name immediately in `open' command. It is also possible to skip the check for a single `open' command if `&' is given, or if ^Z is pressed during the check.

cmd:verify-path (boolean)
    if true, lftp checks the path given in `cd' command. It is also possible to skip the check for a single `cd' command if `&' is given, or if ^Z is pressed during the check. Examples: set cmd:verify-path/hftp://* false cd directory &

cmd:verify-path-cached (boolean)
    When false, `cd' to a directory known from cache as existent will succeed immediately. Otherwise the verification will depend on cmd:verify-path setting.

dns:SRV-query (boolean)
    query for SRV records and use them before gethostbyname. The SRV records are only used if port is not explicitly specified. See RFC2052 for details.

dns:cache-enable (boolean)
    enable DNS cache. If it is off, lftp resolves host name each time it reconnects.

dns:cache-expire (time interval)
    time to live for DNS cache entries. It has format <number><unit>+, e.g. 1d12h30m5s or just 36h. To disable expiration, set it to `inf' or `never'.

dns:cache-size (number)
    maximum number of DNS cache entries.

dns:fatal-timeout (time interval)
    limit the time for DNS queries. If DNS server is unavailable too long, lftp will fail to resolve a given host name. Set to `never' to disable.

dns:order (list of protocol names)
    sets the order of DNS queries. Default is ``inet6 inet'' which means first look up address in inet6 family, then inet and use them in that order. To disable inet6 (AAAA) lookup, set this variable to ``inet''.

dns:use-fork (boolean)
    if true, lftp will fork before resolving host address. Default is true.

dns:max-retries (number)
    If zero, there is no limit on the number of times lftp will try to lookup an address. If > 0, lftp will try only this number of times to look up an address of each address family in dns:order.

file:charset (string)
    local character set. It is set from current locale initially.

fish:charset (string)
    the character set used by fish server in requests, replies and file listings. Default is empty which means the same as local.

fish:connect-program (string)
    the program to use for connecting to remote server. It should support `-l' option for user name, `-p' for port number. Default is `ssh -a -x'. You can set it to `rsh', for example.

fish:shell (string)
    use specified shell on server side. Default is /bin/sh. On some systems, /bin/sh exits when doing cd to a non-existent directory. lftp can handle that but it has to reconnect. Set it to /bin/bash for such systems if bash is installed.

ftp:acct (string)
    Send this string in ACCT command after login. The result is ignored. The closure for this setting has format user@host.

ftp:anon-pass (string)
    sets the password used for anonymous ftp access authentication. Default is "-name@", where name is the username of the user running the program.

ftp:anon-user (string)
    sets the user name used for anonymous ftp access authentication. Default is "anonymous".

ftp:auto-sync-mode (regex)
    if first server message matches this regex, turn on sync mode for that host.

ftp:charset (string)
    the character set used by ftp server in requests, replies and file listings. Default is empty which means the same as local. This setting is only used when the server does not support UTF8.

ftp:client (string)
    the name of ftp client to send with CLNT command, if supported by server. If it is empty, then no CLNT command will be sent.

ftp:bind-data-socket (boolean)
    bind data socket to the interface of control connection (in passive mode). Default is true, exception is the loopback interface.

ftp:fix-pasv-address (boolean)
    if true, lftp will try to correct address returned by server for PASV command in case when server address is in public network and PASV returns an address from a private network. In this case lftp would substitute server address instead of the one returned by PASV command, port number would not be changed. Default is true.

ftp:fxp-passive-source (boolean)
    if true, lftp will try to set up source ftp server in passive mode first, otherwise destination one. If first attempt fails, lftp tries to set them up the other way. If the other disposition fails too, lftp falls back to plain copy. See also ftp:use-fxp.

ftp:home (string)
    Initial directory. Default is empty string which means auto. Set this to `/' if you don't like the look of %2F in ftp URLs. The closure for this setting has format user@host.

ftp:ignore-pasv-address (boolean)
    If true, lftp uses control connection address instead of the one returned in PASV reply for data connection. This can be useful for broken NATs. Default is false.

ftp:list-empty-ok (boolean)
    if set to false, empty lists from LIST command will be treated as incorrect, and another method (NLST) will be used.

ftp:list-options (string)
    sets options which are always appended to LIST command. It can be useful to set this to `-a' if server does not show dot (hidden) files by default. Default is empty.

ftp:nop-interval (seconds)
    delay between NOOP commands when downloading tail of a file. This is useful for ftp servers which send "Transfer complete" message before flushing data transfer. In such cases NOOP commands can prevent connection timeout.

ftp:passive-mode (boolean)
    sets passive ftp mode. This can be useful if you are behind a firewall or a dumb masquerading router. In passive mode lftp uses PASV command, not the PORT command which is used in active mode. In passive mode lftp itself makes the data connection to the server; in active mode the server connects to lftp for data transfer. Passive mode is the default.

ftp:port-ipv4 (ipv4 address)
    specifies an IPv4 address to send with PORT command. Default is empty which means to send the address of local end of control connection.

ftp:port-range (from-to)
    allowed port range for active mode. Format is min-max, or `full' or `any' to indicate any port. Default is `full'.

ftp:proxy (URL)
    specifies ftp proxy to use. To disable proxy set this to empty string. Note that it is an ftp proxy which uses ftp protocol, not ftp over http. Default value is taken from environment variable ftp_proxy if it starts with ``ftp://''. If your ftp proxy requires authentication, specify user name and password in the URL. If ftp:proxy starts with http:// then hftp protocol (ftp over http proxy) is used instead of ftp automatically.

ftp:proxy-auth-type (string)
    When set to ``joined'', lftp sends ``user@proxy_user@ftp.example.org'' as user name to proxy, and ``password@proxy_password'' as password.

    When set to ``joined-acct'', lftp sends ``user@ftp.example.org proxy_user'' as user name to proxy. The site password is sent as usual and the proxy password is expected in the following ACCT command.

    When set to ``open'', lftp first sends proxy user and proxy password and then ``OPEN ftp.example.org'' followed by ``USER user''. The site password is then sent as usual.

    When set to ``user'' (default), lftp first sends proxy user and proxy password and then ``user@ftp.example.org'' as user name. The site password is then sent as usual.

ftp:rest-list (boolean)
    allow usage of REST command before LIST command. This might be useful for large directories, but some ftp servers silently ignore REST before LIST.

ftp:rest-stor (boolean)
    if false, lftp will not try to use REST before STOR. This can be useful for some buggy servers which corrupt (fill with zeros) the file if REST followed by STOR is used.

ftp:retry-530 (regex)
    Retry on server reply 530 for PASS command if text matches this regular expression. This setting should be useful to distinguish between overloaded server (temporary condition) and incorrect password (permanent condition).

ftp:retry-530-anonymous (regex)
    Additional regular expression for anonymous login, like ftp:retry-530.

ftp:site-group (string)
    Send this string in SITE GROUP command after login. The result is ignored. The closure for this setting has format user@host.

ftp:skey-allow (boolean)
    allow sending skey/opie reply if server appears to support it. On by default.

ftp:skey-force (boolean)
    do not send plain text password over the network, use skey/opie instead. If skey/opie is not available, assume failed login. Off by default.

ftp:ssl-allow (boolean)
    if true, try to negotiate SSL connection with ftp server for non-anonymous access. Default is true. This and other ssl settings are only available if lftp was compiled with an ssl/tls library.

ftp:ssl-data-use-keys (boolean)
    if true, lftp loads ssl:key-file for protected data connection too. When false, it does not, and the server can match data and control connections by session ID. Default is true.

ftp:ssl-force (boolean)
    if true, refuse to send password in clear when server does not support SSL. Default is false.

ftp:ssl-protect-data (boolean)
    if true, request ssl connection for data transfers. This is cpu-intensive but provides privacy. Default is false.

ftp:ssl-protect-fxp (boolean)
    if true, request ssl connection for data transfer between two ftp servers in FXP mode. CPSV or SSCN command will be used in that case. If ssl connection fails for some reason, lftp would try unprotected FXP transfer unless ftp:ssl-force is set for any of the two servers. Default is false.

ftp:ssl-protect-list (boolean)
    if true, request ssl connection for file list transfers. Default is true.

ftp:ssl-use-ccc (boolean)
    if true, lftp would issue CCC command after logon, thus disable ssl protection layer on control connection.

ftp:stat-interval (time interval)
    interval between STAT commands. Default is 1 second.

ftp:sync-mode (boolean)
    if true, lftp will send one command at a time and wait for response. This might be useful if you are using a buggy ftp server or router. When it is off, lftp sends a pack of commands and waits for responses - it speeds up operation when round trip time is significant. Unfortunately it does not work with all ftp servers and some routers have troubles with it, so it is on by default.

ftp:timezone (string)
    Assume this timezone for time in listings returned by LIST command. This setting can be GMT offset [+|-]HH[:MM[:SS]] or any valid TZ value (e.g. Europe/Moscow or MSK-3MSD,M3.5.0,M10.5.0/3). The default is GMT. Set it to an empty value to assume local timezone specified by environment variable TZ.

ftp:use-abor (boolean)
    if false, lftp does not send ABOR command but closes data connection immediately.

ftp:use-allo (boolean)
    when true (default), lftp sends ALLO command before uploading a file.

ftp:use-feat (boolean)
    when true (default), lftp uses FEAT command to determine extended features of ftp server.

ftp:use-fxp (boolean)
    if true, lftp will try to set up direct connection between two ftp servers.

ftp:use-hftp (boolean)
    when ftp:proxy points to an http proxy, this setting selects hftp method (GET, HEAD) when true, and CONNECT method when false. Default is true.

ftp:lang (boolean)
    the language selected with LANG command, if supported as indicated by FEAT response. Default is empty which means server default.

ftp:use-mdtm (boolean)
    when true (default), lftp uses MDTM command to determine file modification time.

ftp:use-mdtm-overloaded (boolean)
    when true, lftp uses two argument MDTM command to set file modification time on uploaded files. Default is false.

ftp:use-site-idle (boolean)
    when true, lftp sends `SITE IDLE' command with net:idle argument. Default is false.

ftp:use-site-utime (boolean)
    when true, lftp sends `SITE UTIME' command to set file modification time on uploaded files. Default is true.

ftp:use-size (boolean)
    when true (default), lftp uses SIZE command to determine file size.

ftp:use-stat (boolean)
    if true, lftp sends STAT command in FXP mode transfer to know how much data has been transferred. See also ftp:stat-interval. Default is true.

ftp:use-stat-for-list (boolean)
    when true, lftp uses STAT instead of LIST command. By default `.' is used as STAT argument. Using STAT, lftp avoids creating data connection for directory listing. Some servers require special options for STAT, use ftp:list-options to specify them (e.g. -la).

ftp:use-telnet-iac (boolean)
    when true (default), lftp uses TELNET IAC command and follows TELNET protocol as specified in RFC959. When false, it does not follow TELNET protocol and thus does not double 255 (0xFF, 0377) character and does not prefix ABOR and STAT commands with TELNET IP+SYNCH signal.

ftp:use-quit (boolean)
    if true, lftp sends QUIT before disconnecting from ftp server. Default is true.

ftp:verify-address (boolean)
    verify that data connection comes from the network address of control connection peer. This can possibly prevent data connection spoofing which can lead to data corruption. Unfortunately, this can fail for certain ftp servers with several network interfaces, when they do not set outgoing address on data socket, so it is disabled by default.

ftp:verify-port (boolean)
    verify that data connection has port 20 (ftp-data) on its remote end. This can possibly prevent data connection spoofing by users of remote host. Unfortunately, too many windows and even unix ftp servers forget to set proper port on data connection, thus this check is off by default.

ftp:web-mode (boolean)
    disconnect after closing data connection. This can be useful for totally broken ftp servers. Default is false.

ftps:initial-prot (string)
    specifies initial PROT setting for FTPS connections. Should be one of: C, S, E, P, or empty. Default is empty which means unknown, so that lftp will use PROT command unconditionally. If PROT command turns out to be unsupported, then Clear mode would be assumed.

hftp:cache (boolean)
    allow server/proxy side caching for ftp-over-http protocol.

hftp:cache-control (string)
    specify corresponding HTTP request header.

hftp:proxy (URL)
    specifies http proxy for ftp-over-http protocol (hftp). The protocol hftp cannot work without a http proxy, obviously. Default value is taken from environment variable ftp_proxy if it starts with ``http://'', otherwise from environment variable http_proxy. If your ftp proxy requires authentication, specify user name and password in the URL.

hftp:use-authorization (boolean)
    if set to off, lftp will send password as part of URL to the proxy. This may be required for some proxies (e.g. M-soft). Default is on, and lftp will send password as part of Authorization header.

hftp:use-head (boolean)
    if set to off, lftp will try to use `GET' instead of `HEAD' for hftp protocol. While this is slower, it may allow lftp to work with some proxies which don't understand or mishandle ``HEAD ftp://'' requests.

hftp:use-mkcol (boolean)
    if set to off, lftp will try to use `PUT' instead of `MKCOL' to create directories with hftp protocol. Default is off.

hftp:use-propfind (boolean)
    if set to off, lftp will not try to use `PROPFIND' to get directory contents with hftp protocol and use `GET' instead. Default is off.

hftp:use-type (boolean)
    If set to off, lftp won't try to append `;type=' to URLs passed to proxy. Some broken proxies don't handle it correctly. Default is on.

http:accept, http:accept-charset, http:accept-language (string)
    specify corresponding HTTP request headers.

http:authorization (string)
    the authorization to use by default, when no user is specified. The format is ``user:password''. Default is empty which means no authorization.

http:cache (boolean)
    allow server/proxy side caching.

http:cache-control (string)
    specify corresponding HTTP request header.

http:cookie (string)
    send this cookie to server. A closure is useful here:
         set cookie/www.somehost.com "param=value"

http:post-content-type (string)
    specifies value of Content-Type http request header for POST method. Default is ``application/x-www-form-urlencoded''.

http:proxy (URL)
    specifies http proxy. It is used when lftp works over http protocol. Default value is taken from environment variable http_proxy. If your proxy requires authentication, specify user name and password in the URL.

http:put-method (PUT or POST)
    specifies which http method to use on put.

http:put-content-type (string)
    specifies value of Content-Type http request header for PUT method.

http:referer (string)
    specifies value for Referer http request header. Single dot `.' expands to current directory URL. Default is `.'. Set to empty string to disable Referer header.

http:set-cookies (boolean)
    if true, lftp modifies http:cookie variables when Set-Cookie header is received.

http:use-mkcol (boolean)
    if set to off, lftp will try to use `PUT' instead of `MKCOL' to create directories with http protocol. Default is on.

http:use-propfind (boolean)
    if set to off, lftp will not try to use `PROPFIND' to get directory contents with http protocol and use `GET' instead. Default is on.

http:user-agent (string)
    the string lftp sends in User-Agent header of HTTP request.

https:proxy (string)
    specifies https proxy. Default value is taken from environment variable https_proxy.

mirror:dereference (boolean)
    when true, mirror will dereference symbolic links by default. You can override it by --no-dereference option. Default if false.

mirror:exclude-regex (regex)
    specifies default exclusion pattern. You can override it by --include option.

mirror:include-regex (regex)
    specifies default inclusion pattern. It is used just after mirror:exclude-regex is applied. It is never used if mirror:exclude-regex is empty.

mirror:order (list of patterns)
    specifies order of file transfers. E.g. setting this to "*.sfv *.sum" makes mirror to transfer files matching *.sfv first, then ones matching *.sum and then all other files. To process directories after other files, add "*/" to end of pattern list.

mirror:parallel-directories (boolean)
    if true, mirror will start processing of several directories in parallel when it is in parallel mode. Otherwise, it will transfer files from a single directory before moving to other directories.

mirror:parallel-transfer-count (number)
    specifies number of parallel transfers mirror is allowed to start. Default is 1. You can override it with --parallel option.

mirror:set-permissions (boolean)
    When set to off, mirror won't try to copy file and directory permissions. You can override it by --perms option. Default is on.

mirror:use-pget-n (number)
    specifies -n option for pget command used to transfer every single file under mirror. Default is 1 which disables pget.

module:path (string)
    colon separated list of directories to look for modules. Can be initialized by environment variable LFTP_MODULE_PATH. Default is `PKGLIBDIR/VERSION:PKGLIBDIR'.

net:connection-limit (number)
    maximum number of concurrent connections to the same site. 0 means unlimited.

net:connection-takeover (boolean)
    if true, foreground connections have priority over background ones and can interrupt background transfers to complete a foreground operation.

net:idle (time interval)
    disconnect from server after this idle time. Default is 3 minutes.

net:limit-rate (bytes per second)
    limit transfer rate on data connection. 0 means unlimited. You can specify two numbers separated by colon to limit download and upload rate separately.

net:limit-max (bytes)
    limit accumulating of unused limit-rate. 0 means unlimited.

net:limit-total-rate (bytes per second)
    limit transfer rate of all connections in sum. 0 means unlimited. You can specify two numbers separated by colon to limit download and upload rate separately. Note that sockets have receive buffers on them, this can lead to network link load higher than this rate limit just after transfer beginning. You can try to set net:socket-buffer to relatively small value to avoid this.

net:limit-total-max (bytes)
    limit accumulating of unused limit-total-rate. 0 means unlimited.

net:max-retries (number)
    the maximum number of sequential retries of an operation without success. 0 means unlimited.

net:no-proxy (string)
    contains comma separated list of domains for which proxy should not be used. Default is taken from environment variable no_proxy.

net:persist-retries (number)
    ignore this number of hard errors. Useful to login to buggy ftp servers which reply 5xx when there is too many users.

net:reconnect-interval-base (seconds)
    sets the base minimal time between reconnects. Actual interval depends on net:reconnect-interval-multiplier and number of attempts to perform an operation.

net:reconnect-interval-max (seconds)
    sets maximum reconnect interval. When current interval after multiplication by net:reconnect-interval-multiplier reachs this value (or exceeds it), it is reset back to net:reconnect-interval-base.

net:reconnect-interval-multiplier (real number)
    sets multiplier by which base interval is multiplied each time new attempt to perform an operation fails. When the interval reachs maximum, it is reset to base value. See net:reconnect-interval-base and net:reconnect-interval-max.

net:socket-bind-ipv4 (ipv4 address)
    bind all IPv4 sockets to specified address. This can be useful to select a specific network interface to use. Default is empty which means not to bind IPv4 sockets, operating system will choose an address automatically using routing table.

net:socket-bind-ipv6 (ipv6 address)
    the same for IPv6 sockets.

net:socket-buffer (bytes)
    use given size for SO_SNDBUF and SO_RCVBUF socket options. 0 means system default.

net:socket-maxseg (bytes)
    use given size for TCP_MAXSEG socket option. Not all operating systems support this option, but linux does.

net:timeout (time interval)
    sets the network protocol timeout.

pget:default-n (number)
    default number of chunks to split the file to in pget.

pget:save-status (time interval)
    save pget transfer status this often. Set to `never' to disable saving of the status file. The status is saved to a file with suffix .lftp-pget-status.

sftp:charset (string)
    the character set used by sftp server in file names and file listings. Default is empty which means the same as local. This setting is only used for sftp protocol version prior to 4. Version 4 and later always use UTF-8.

sftp:connect-program (string)
    the program to use for connecting to remote server. It should support `-l' option for user name, `-p' for port number. Default is `ssh -a -x'. You can set it to `rsh', for example.

sftp:max-packets-in-flight (number)
    The maximum number of unreplied packets in flight. If round trip time is significant, you should increase this and size-read/size-write. Default is 16.

sftp:protocol-version (number)
    The protocol number to negotiate. Default is 4. The actual protocol version used depends on server.

sftp:server-program (string)
    The server program implementing SFTP protocol. If it does not contain a slash `/', it is considered a ssh2 subsystem and -s option is used when starting connect-program. Default is `sftp'. You can use rsh as transport level protocol like this: set sftp:connect-program rsh set sftp:server-program /usr/libexec/openssh/sftp-server Similarly you can run sftp over ssh1.

sftp:size-read (number)
    Block size for reading. Default is 0x8000.

sftp:size-write (number)
    Block size for writing. Default is 0x8000.

ssl:ca-file (path to file)
    use specified file as Certificate Authority certificate.

ssl:check-hostname (boolean)
    when true, lftp checks if the host name used to connect to the server corresponds to the host name in its certificate.

ssl:ca-path (path to directory)
    use specified directory as Certificate Authority certificate repository.

ssl:crl-file (path to file)
    use specified file as Certificate Revocation List certificate.

ssl:crl-path (path to directory)
    use specified directory as Certificate Revocation List certificate repository.

ssl:key-file (path to file)
    use specified file as your private key.

ssl:cert-file (path to file)
    use specified file as your certificate.

ssl:verify-certificate (boolean)
    if set to yes, then verify server's certificate to be signed by a known Certificate Authority and not be on Certificate Revocation List.

xfer:clobber (boolean)
    if this setting is off, get commands will not overwrite existing files and generate an error instead. Default is on.

xfer:destination-directory (path or URL to directory)
    This setting is used as default -O option for get and mget commands. Default is empty, which means current directory (no -O option).

xfer:eta-period (seconds)
    the period over which weighted average rate is calculated to produce ETA.

xfer:eta-terse (boolean)
    show terse ETA (only high order parts). Default is true.

xfer:log (boolean)
    when true, lftp logs transfers to ~/.lftp/transfer_log.

xfer:max-redirections (number)
    maximum number of redirections. This can be useful for downloading over HTTP. 0 prohibits redirections.

xfer:rate-period (seconds)
    the period over which weighted average rate is calculated to be shown.

The name of a variable can be abbreviated unless it becomes ambiguous. The prefix before `:' can be omitted too. You can set one variable several times for different closures, and thus you can get a particular settings for particular state. The closure is to be specified after variable name separated with slash `/'.

The closure for `dns:', `net:', `ftp:', `http:', `hftp:' domain variables is currently just the host name as you specify it in the `open' command (with some exceptions where closure is meaningless, e.g. dns:cache-size). For some `cmd:' domain variables the closure is current URL without path. For other variables it is not currently used. See examples in the sample lftp.conf.

Certain commands and settings take a time interval parameter. It has the format Nx[Nx...], where N is time amount (floating point) and x is time unit: d - days, h - hours, m - minutes, s - seconds. Default unit is second. E.g. 5h30m or 5.5h. Also the interval can be `infinity', `inf', `never', `forever' - it means infinite interval. E.g. `sleep forever' or `set dns:cache-expire never'.

Boolean settings can be one of (true, on, yes, 1, +) for a True value or one of (false, off, no, 0, -) for a False value.

  FTP asynchronous mode (pipelining)

Lftp can speed up ftp operations by sending several commands at once and then checking all the responses. See ftp:sync-mode variable. Sometimes this does not work, thus synchronous mode is the default. You can try to turn synchronous mode off and see if it works for you. It is known that some network software dealing with address translation works incorrectly in the case of several FTP commands in one network packet.

RFC959 says: ``The user-process sending another command before the completion reply would be in violation of protocol; but server-FTP processes should queue any commands that arrive while a preceding command is in progress''. Also, RFC1123 says: ``Implementors MUST NOT assume any correspondence between READ boundaries on the control connection and the Telnet EOL sequences (CR LF).'' and ``a single READ from the control connection may include more than one FTP command''. So it must be safe to send several commands at once, which speeds up operation a lot and seems to work with all Unix and VMS based ftp servers. Unfortunately, windows based servers often cannot handle several commands in one packet, and so cannot some broken routers.

OPTIONS

-d  Switch on debugging mode

-e commands
    Execute given commands and don't exit.

-p port
    Use the given port to connect

-u user[,pass]
    Use the given username and password to connect

-f script_file
    Execute commands in the file and exit

-c commands
    Execute the given commands and exit

ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
The following environment variables are processed by lftp:

HOME
    Used for (local) tilde (`~') expansion

SHELL
    Used by the ! command to determine the shell to run.

PAGER
    This should be the name of the pager to use. It's used by the more and zmore commands.

http_proxy, https_proxy
    Used to set initial http:proxy, hftp:proxy and https:proxy variables.

ftp_proxy
    Used to set initial ftp:proxy or hftp:proxy variables, depending on URL protocol used in this environment variable.

no_proxy
    Used to set initial net:no-proxy variable.

LFTP_MODULE_PATH
    Used to set initial module:path variable.

LFTP_HOME
    Used to locate the directory that stores user-specific configuration files. If unset, ~/.lftp will be used.

FILES

/etc/lftp.conf
    system-wide startup file. Actual location depends on --sysconfdir configure option. It is /etc when prefix is /usr, /usr/local/etc by default.

~/.lftp/rc, ~/.lftprc
    These files are executed on lftp startup after /etc/lftp.conf.

~/.lftp/log
    The file things are logged to when lftp moves into the background in nohup mode.

~/.lftp/transfer_log
    The file transfers are logged to when xfer:log setting is set to `yes'.

~/.lftp/bookmarks
    The file is used to store lftp's bookmarks. See the bookmark command.

~/.lftp/cwd_history
    The file is used to store last working directories for each site visited.

~/.netrc
    The file is consulted to get default login and password to ftp server. Passwords are also searched here if an URL with user name but with no password is used.

SEE ALSO
ftpd(8), ftp(1)
RFC854 (telnet), RFC959 (ftp), RFC1123, RFC1945 (http/1.0), RFC2052 (SRV RR), RFC2228 (ftp security extensions), RFC2389 (ftp FEAT), RFC2428 (ftp/ipv6), RFC2518 (WebDAV), RFC2616 (http/1.1), RFC2617 (http/1.1 authentication), RFC2640 (ftp i18n), RFC4217 (ftp over ssl).
http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-ftpext-mlst-16.txt (ftp extensions over RFC959),
http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-secsh-filexfer-10.txt (sftp).

AUTHOR
Alexander V. Lukyanov
lav@yars.free.net

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
This manual page was originally written by Christoph Lameter <clameter@debian.org>, for the Debian GNU/Linux system. The page was improved and updated later by Nicolas Lichtmaier <nick@Feedback.com.ar>, James Troup <J.J.Troup@comp.brad.ac.uk> and Alexander V. Lukyanov <lav@yars.free.net>.