Keywords: SQL-92, features supported by Derby, features not supported by Derby

# Derby support for SQL-92 features

There are four levels of SQL-92 support:

- SQL92E

  Entry

- SQL92T

  Transitional, a level defined by NIST in a publication called FIPS 127-2

- SQL92I

  Intermediate

- SQL92F

  Full

#### Basic data types

The following table shows Derby support for the SQL-92 basic data types.

Table 1. Support for SQL-92 Features: Basic data types
Feature | Source | Derby
--- | --- | ---
SMALLINT | SQL92E | Yes
INTEGER | SQL92E | Yes
DECIMAL(p,s) | SQL92E | Yes
NUMERIC(p,s) | SQL92E | Yes
REAL | SQL92E | Yes
FLOAT(p) | SQL92E | Yes
DOUBLE PRECISION | SQL92E | Yes
CHAR(n) | SQL92E | Yes

#### Basic math operations

Table 1. Support for SQL-92 Features: Basic math operations
Feature | Source | Derby
--- | --- | ---
+, *, -, /, unary +, unary - | SQL92E | Yes

#### Basic comparisons

Table 1. Support for SQL-92 Features: Basic comparisons
Feature | Source | Derby
--- | --- | ---
<, >, <= ,>=, <>, = | SQL92E | Yes

#### Basic predicates

Table 1. Support for SQL-92 Features: Basic predicates
Feature | Source | Derby
--- | --- | ---
BETWEEN, LIKE, NULL | SQL92E | Yes

#### Quantified predicates

Table 1. Support for SQL-92 Features: Quantified predicates
Feature | Source | Derby
--- | --- | ---
IN, ALL/SOME, EXISTS | SQL92E | Yes

#### Schema definition

Table 1. Support for SQL-92 Features: schema definition
Feature | Source | Derby
--- | --- | ---
Tables | SQL92E | Yes
Views | SQL92E | Yes
Privileges | SQL92E | Yes

#### Column attributes

Table 1. Support for SQL-92 Features: column attributes
Feature | Source | Derby
--- | --- | ---
Default values | SQL92E | Yes
Nullability | SQL92E | Yes

#### Constraints (non-deferrable)

Table 1. Support for SQL-92 Features: constraints (non-deferrable)
Feature | Source | Derby
--- | --- | ---
NOT NULL | SQL92E | Yes (not stored in SYSCONSTRAINTS)
UNIQUE/PRIMARY KEY | SQL92E | Yes
FOREIGN KEY | SQL92E | Yes
CHECK | SQL92E | Yes
View WITH CHECK OPTION | SQL92E | No, views cannot be updated

#### Cursors

Table 1. Support for SQL-92 Features: Cursors
Feature | Source | Derby
--- | --- | ---
DECLARE, OPEN, FETCH, CLOSE | SQL92E | Yes, by using JDBC method calls
UPDATE, DELETE CURRENT | SQL92E | Yes

#### Dynamic SQL 1

Table 1. Support for SQL-92 Features: Dynamic SQL 1
Feature | Source | Derby
--- | --- | ---
ALLOCATE / DEALLOCATE / GET / SET DESCRIPTOR | SQL92T | Yes, by using JDBC method calls
PREPARE / EXECUTE / EXECUTE IMMEDIATE | SQL92T | Yes, by using JDBC method calls
DECLARE, OPEN, FETCH, CLOSE, UPDATE, DELETE dynamic cursor | SQL92T | Yes, by using JDBC method calls
DESCRIBE output | SQL92T | Yes, by using JDBC method calls

#### Basic information schema

Table 1. Support for SQL-92 Features: Basic information schema
Feature | Source | Derby
--- | --- | ---
TABLES | SQL92T | SYS.SYSTABLES, SYS.SYSVIEWS, SYS.SYSCOLUMNS
VIEWS | SQL92T | SYS.SYSTABLES, SYS.SYSVIEWS, SYS.SYSCOLUMNS
COLUMNS | SQL92T | SYS.SYSTABLES, SYS.SYSVIEWS, SYS.SYSCOLUMNS

#### Basic schema manipulation

Table 1. Support for SQL-92 Features: Basic schema manipulation
Feature | Source | Derby
--- | --- | ---
CREATE / DROP TABLE | SQL92T | Yes
CREATE / DROP VIEW | SQL92T | Yes
GRANT / REVOKE | SQL92T | Yes
ALTER TABLE ADD COLUMN | SQL92T | Yes
ALTER TABLE DROP COLUMN | SQL92T | Yes

#### Joined table

Table 1. Support for SQL-92 Features: Joined table
Feature | Source | Derby
--- | --- | ---
INNER JOIN | SQL92T | Yes
natural join | SQL92T | No
LEFT, RIGHT OUTER JOIN | SQL92T | Yes
join condition | SQL92T | Yes
named columns join | SQL92T | Yes

#### Date and time data types

Table 1. Support for SQL-92 Features: Date and time data types
Feature | Source | Derby
--- | --- | ---
simple DATE, TIME, TIMESTAMP, INTERVAL | SQL92T | Yes, not INTERVAL
datetime constants | SQL92T | Yes
datetime math | SQL92T | Yes, with Java methods
datetime comparisons | SQL92T | Yes
predicates: OVERLAPS | SQL92T | Yes, with Java methods

#### VARCHAR data type

Table 1. Support for SQL-92 Features: VARCHAR
Feature | Source | Derby
--- | --- | ---
LENGTH | SQL92T | Yes
concatenation (||) | SQL92T | Yes

#### Transaction isolation

Table 1. Support for SQL-92 Features: Transaction isolation
Feature | Source | Derby
--- | --- | ---
READ WRITE / READ ONLY | SQL92T | By using JDBC, database properties, and storage media
RU, RC, RR, SER | SQL92T | Yes

#### Multiple schemas per user

Table 1. Support for SQL-92 Features: Multiple schemas per user
Feature | Source | Derby
--- | --- | ---
SCHEMATA view | SQL92T | SYS.SYSSCHEMAS

#### Privilege tables

Table 1. Support for SQL-92 Features: Privilege tables
Feature | Source | Derby
--- | --- | ---
TABLE_PRIVILEGES | SQL92T | No
COLUMNS_PRIVILEGES | SQL92T | No
USAGE_PRIVILEGES | SQL92T | No

#### Table operations

Table 1. Support for SQL-92 Features: Table operations
Feature | Source | Derby
--- | --- | ---
UNION relaxations | SQL92I | Yes
EXCEPT | SQL92I | Yes
INTERSECT | SQL92I | Yes
CORRESPONDING | SQL92I | No

#### Schema definition statement

Table 1. Support for SQL-92 Features: Schema definition statement
Feature | Source | Derby
--- | --- | ---
CREATE SCHEMA | SQL92I | Partial support

#### User authorization

Table 1. Support for SQL-92 Features: User authorization
Feature | Source | Derby
--- | --- | ---
SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION | SQL92I | Use SET SCHEMA
CURRENT_USER | SQL92I | Yes
SESSION_USER | SQL92I | Yes
SYSTEM_USER | SQL92I | No

#### Constraint tables

Table 1. Support for SQL-92 Features: Constraint tables
Feature | Source | Derby
--- | --- | ---
TABLE CONSTRAINTS | SQL92I | SYS.SYSCONSTRAINTS
REFERENTIAL CONSTRAINTS | SQL92I | SYS.SYSFOREIGNKEYS
CHECK CONSTRAINTS | SQL92I | SYS.SYSCHECKS

#### Documentation schema

Table 1. Support for SQL-92 Features: Documentation schema
Feature | Source | Derby
--- | --- | ---
SQL_FEATURES | SQL92I/FIPS 127-2 | Use JDBC DatabaseMetaData
SQL_SIZING | SQL92I/FIPS 127-2 | Use JDBC DatabaseMetaData

#### Full DATETIME

Table 1. Support for SQL-92 Features: Full DATETIME
Feature | Source | Derby
--- | --- | ---
precision for TIME and TIMESTAMP | SQL92F | Yes

#### Full character functions

Table 1. Support for SQL-92 Features: Full character functions
Feature | Source | Derby
--- | --- | ---
POSITION expression | SQL92F | Use Java methods or LOCATE
UPPER/LOWER functions | SQL92F | Yes

#### Miscellaneous features

Table 1. Support for SQL-92 Features: Miscellaneous
Feature | Source | Derby
--- | --- | ---
Delimited identifiers | SQL92E | Yes
Correlated subqueries | SQL92E | Yes
Insert, Update, Delete statements | SQL92E | Yes
Joins | SQL92E | Yes
Where qualifications | SQL92E | Yes
Group by | SQL92E | Yes
Having | SQL92E | Yes
Aggregate functions | SQL92E | Yes
Order by | SQL92E | Yes
Select expressions | SQL92E | Yes
Select * | SQL92E | Yes
SQLCODE | SQL92E | No, deprecated in SQL-92
SQLSTATE | SQL92E | Yes
UNION, INTERSECT, and EXCEPT in views | SQL92T | Yes
Implicit numeric casting | SQL92T | Yes
Implicit character casting | SQL92T | Yes
Get diagnostics | SQL92T | Use JDBC SQLExceptions
Grouped operations | SQL92T | Yes
Qualified * in select list | SQL92T | Yes
Lowercase identifiers | SQL92T | Yes
nullable PRIMARY KEYs | SQL92T | No
Multiple module support | SQL92T | No (not required and not part of JDBC)
Referential delete actions | SQL92T | CASCADE, SET NULL, RESTRICT, and NO ACTION
CAST functions | SQL92T | Yes
INSERT expressions | SQL92T | Yes
Explicit defaults | SQL92T | Yes
Keyword relaxations | SQL92T | Yes
Domain definition | SQL92I | No
CASE expression | SQL92I | Partial support
Compound character string constants | SQL92I | Use concatenation
LIKE enhancements | SQL92I | Yes
UNIQUE predicate | SQL92I | No
Usage tables | SQL92I | SYS.SYSDEPENDS
Intermediate information schema | SQL92I | Use JDBC DatabaseMetaData and Derby system tables
Subprogram support | SQL92I | Not relevant to JDBC, which is much richer
Intermediate SQL Flagging | SQL92I | No
Schema manipulation | SQL92I | Yes
Long identifiers | SQL92I | Yes
Full outer join | SQL92I | No
Time zone specification | SQL92I | No
Scrolled cursors | SQL92I | Partial support (scrollable insensitive result sets through JDBC 2.0)
Intermediate set function support | SQL92I | Partial support
Character set definition | SQL92I | Support for Java locales
Named character sets | SQL92I | Support for Java locales
Scalar subquery values | SQL92I | Yes
Expanded null predicate | SQL92I | Yes
Constraint management | SQL92I | Yes (ADD/DROP CONSTRAINT)
FOR BIT DATA types | SQL92F | Yes
Assertion constraints | SQL92F | No
Temporary tables | SQL92F | Partial support, with DECLARE GLOBAL TEMPORARY TABLE
Full dynamic SQL | SQL92F | No
Full value expressions | SQL92F | Yes
Truth value tests | SQL92F | Yes
Derived tables in FROM | SQL92F | Yes
Trailing underscore | SQL92F | Yes
Indicator data types | SQL92F | Not relevant to JDBC
Referential name order | SQL92F | No
Full SQL Flagging | SQL92F | No
Row and table constructors | SQL92F | Yes
Catalog name qualifiers | SQL92F | No
Simple tables | SQL92F | No
Subqueries in CHECK | SQL92F | No, but can with Java methods
Union join | SQL92F | No
Collation and translation | SQL92F | Java locales supported
Referential update actions | SQL92F | RESTRICT and NO ACTION. Can do others with triggers.
ALTER domain | SQL92F | nNo
INSERT column privileges | SQL92F | No
Referential MATCH types | SQL92F | No
View CHECK enhancements | SQL92F | No, views cannot be updated
Session management | SQL92F | Use JDBC
Connection management | SQL92F | Use JDBC
Self-referencing operations | SQL92F | Yes
Insensitive cursors | SQL92F | Yes through JDBC 2.0
Full set function | SQL92F | Partial support
Catalog flagging | SQL92F | No
Local table references | SQL92F | No
Full cursor update | SQL92F | No