Help On LaTeX Commands

## Hypertext Help with LaTeX

# Help by Subject, Command, or Environment

## Subjects

- Accenting characters (umlauts, graves, etc.)
- Arrays (math mode)
- Commands, defining and redefining
- Comments in input file
- Counters
- Cross References
- Dashes
- Declarations (changing how things look)
- Defining New Commands
- Document Styles
- Environments (or see list below)
- Footnotes
- Fonts
- Fragile commands (and how to protect them)
- Input to LaTeX
- International characters and punctuation
- Lengths and how to change them
- Letters (as in "Dear John")
- Line and Page Breaking
- Lists
- Making Paragraphs
- Math Formulas and Math Symbols
- Modes (paragraph, left-right, math)
- Non-English characters and punctuation
- Page Styles
- Picture environment
- Quotation Marks
- Sectioning
- Spaces and Boxes
- Special Characters: # $ % & ~ _ ^ \ { }
- Special Symbols
  - Accents on characters (umlauts, graves, etc.)
  - Arrows (math mode)
  - Binary and relational operators (math mode)
  - Delimiters (parenthesis-like objects; math mode)
  - Ellipses
  - Greek letters (math mode)
  - Miscellaneous symbols
  - Math functions (sin, cos, log, ...; math mode)
  - Variable size math symbols (sums, integrals, ...; math mode)
- Splitting the Input
- Starting and Ending
- Subscripts and Superscripts
- Table, Tabular and Tabbing Environments
- Table of Contents
- Terminal Input and Output
- Typefaces

## LaTeX Commands

A LaTeX command begins with the command name, which consists of a `\` followed by either (a) a string of letters or (b) a single non-letter. Arguments contained in square brackets [] are optional while arguments contained in braces {} are required.

NOTE: LaTeX is case sensitive. Enter all commands in lower case unless explicitly directed to do otherwise.

- `\<space>` (force ordinary space)
- `\@` (following period ends sentence)
- `\\` (new line)
- `\,` (thin space)
- `\;` (thick space, math mode)
- `\:` (medium space, math mode)
- `\!` (negative thin space, math mode)
- `\-` (hyphenation; tabbing)
- `\=` (set tab, see tabbing)
- `\>` (tab, see tabbing)
- `\<` (back tab, see tabbing)
- `\+` (see tabbing)
- `\'` (accent or tabbing)
- `\`` (accent or tabbing)
- `\|` (double vertical lines, math mode)
- `\(` and `\)` (define math environment)
- `\[` and `\]` (define displaymath environment)
- \addcontentsline
- \addtocontents
- \addtocounter
- \address
- \addtolength
- \addvspace
- \alph
- \appendix
- \arabic
- \author
- \backslash
- \baselineskip
- \baselinestretch
- \bf
- \bibitem
- \bigskip
- \boldmath
- \cal
- \caption
- \cdots
- \centering
- \circle
- \cite
- \cleardoublepage
- \clearpage
- \cline
- \closing
- \dashbox
- \date
- \ddots
- \dotfill
- \em
- \ensuremath (LaTeX2e)
- \fbox
- \flushbottom
- \fnsymbol
- \footnote
- \footnotemark
- \footnotesize
- \footnotetext
- \frac
- \frame
- \framebox
- \frenchspacing
- \hfill
- \hline
- \hrulefill
- \hspace
- \huge
- \Huge (capital "h")
- \hyphenation
- \include
- \includeonly
- \indent
- \input
- \it
- \item
- \kill
- \label
- \large
- \Large (capital "l")
- \LARGE (all caps)
- \ldots
- \left
- \lefteqn
- \line
- \linebreak
- \linethickness
- \linewidth
- \location
- \makebox
- \maketitle
- \markboth \markright
- \mathcal
- \mathop
- \mbox
- \medskip
- \multicolumn
- \multiput
- \newcommand
- \newcounter
- \newenvironment
- \newfont
- \newlength
- \newline
- \newpage
- \newsavebox
- \newtheorem
- \nocite
- \noindent
- \nolinebreak
- \normalsize (default)
- \nopagebreak
- \not
- \onecolumn
- \opening
- \oval
- \overbrace
- \overline
- \pagebreak
- \pagenumbering
- \pageref
- \pagestyle
- \par
- \parbox
- \parindent
- \parskip
- \protect
- \providecommand (LaTeX2e)
- \put
- \raggedbottom
- \raggedleft
- \raggedright
- \raisebox
- \ref
- \renewcommand
- \right
- \rm
- \roman
- \rule
- \savebox
- \sbox
- \sc
- \scriptsize
- \setcounter
- \setlength
- \settowidth
- \sf
- \shortstack
- \signature
- \sl
- \small
- \smallskip
- \sqrt
- \stackrel
- \tableofcontents
- \telephone
- \textwidth
- \textheight
- \thanks
- \thispagestyle
- \tiny
- \title
- \today
- \tt
- \twocolumn
- \typeout
- \typein
- \underbrace
- \underline
- \unitlength
- \usebox
- \usecounter
- \value
- \vdots
- \vector
- \verb
- \vfill
- \vline
- \vphantom
- \vspace

## LaTeX Environments

LaTeX environments are created by

      \begin{environment}  ...  \end{environment}

Declarations can be effected by an environment of the same name.

- abstract
- array
- center
- description
- displaymath
- enumerate
- eqnarray
- equation
- figure
- flushleft
- flushright
- itemize
- list
- math
- minipage
- picture
- quotation
- quote
- tabbing
- table
- tabular
- thebibliography
- theorem
- titlepage
- trivlist
- verbatim
- verse

Return to the Introduction