Chapter 2. Installation
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# Chapter 2. Installation

### Warning

Before upgrading from Netatalk 2 or 3 to Netatalk 4, please read the upgrading chapter in this manual.

## How to obtain Netatalk

Please have a look at the Netatalk homepage for the most up to date information on where to find the latest version of the software.

### Binary packages

Binary packages of Netatalk are included in the package repositories of some Linux, BSD, and Solaris-like distributions. Installing Netatalk through this channel will give you the most seamless experience, with managed updates when new package versions are available.

You might also want to have a look at 3rd party package repositories for your operating system, such as rpmfind for Red Hat based Linux distributions, OpenCSW for Solaris and its descendants, and Homebrew or MacPorts for macOS.

### Source packages

#### Tarballs

Prepackaged tarballs with stable releases of the Netatalk source code are available on the Netatalk releases page on GitHub.

#### Git

Downloading the Git repository can be done quickly and easily:

1. Make sure you have Git installed. which git should produce a path to git.

       $ which git
       /usr/bin/git

2. Now get the source:

       $ git clone https://github.com/Netatalk/netatalk.git netatalk-code
       Cloning into 'netatalk-code'...
       remote: Enumerating objects: 41592, done.
       ...
       Resolving deltas: 100% (32227/32227), done.

   This will create a local directory called `netatalk-code` containing a complete and fresh copy of the whole Netatalk source tree from the Git repository.

3. If you don't specify a branch or tag, you will get the bleeding edge development code. In order to get the latest stable Netatalk 3.1 code, for instance, check out the branch named "branch-netatalk-3-1":

       $ git checkout branch-netatalk-3-1

4. In order to keep your repository copy updated, occasionally run:

       $ git pull

## Compiling Netatalk

### Prerequisites

#### Required third-party software

- Berkeley DB

  The default dbd CNID backend for netatalk uses Berkeley DB to store unique file identifiers. At the time of writing you need at least version 4.6.

  The recommended version is 5.3, the final release under the permissive Sleepycat license, and therefore the most widely distributed version.

- libevent

  Internal event callbacks in the netatalk service controller daemon are built on libevent version 2.

- Libgcrypt

  The Libgcrypt library supplies the encryption for the standard User Authentication Modules (UAMs). They are: DHX2, DHCAST128 (a.k.a. DHX) and RandNum.

- Perl and UnicodeData.txt

  The build system uses Perl and the Unicode Character Database to generate Netatalk's Unicode character conversion sources.

  Additionally, Netatalk's administrative utility scripts rely on the Perl runtime, version 5.8 or later. The required Perl modules include IO::Socket::IP (asip-status) and Net::DBus (afpstats).

#### Optional third-party software

Netatalk can use the following third-party software to enhance its functionality.

- ACL and LDAP

  LDAP is an open and industry-standard user directory protocol that works in tandem with the advanced permissions scheme of ACL. On some operating systems ACL and LDAP libraries are built in to the system, while on others you have to install supporting packages to enable this functionality.

- Avahi or mDNSresponder for Bonjour

  Mac OS X 10.2 and later uses Bonjour (a.k.a. Zeroconf) for automatic service discovery. Netatalk can advertise AFP file sharing and Time Machine volumes by using Avahi or mDNSResponder.

  The Avahi library itself must have been built with D-Bus support.

- CrackLib

  When using the Random Number UAMs and netatalk's own `afppasswd` password manager, CrackLib can help protect against setting weak passwords for authentication with netatalk.

  The CrackLib dictionary, which is sometimes distributed separately in a runtime package, is also a requirement.

- D-Bus and GLib

  Used by the `afpstats` tool to inquire afpd about file server usage statistics.

- DocBook XSL and xsltproc

  The Netatalk documentation, including this manual, are authored in XML format. Then we leverage DocBook XSL stylesheets and xsltproc to transcode the XML to other human-readable formats such as troff (for man pages), html, or pdf.

- iconv

  iconv provides conversion routines for many character encodings. Netatalk uses it to provide charsets it does not have built in conversions for, like ISO-8859-1. On glibc systems, Netatalk can use the glibc provided iconv implementation. Otherwise you can use the GNU libiconv implementation.

- Kerberos V

  Kerberos v5 is a client-server based authentication protocol invented at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. With the Kerberos library, netatalk can produce the GSS UAM library for authentication with existing Kerberos infrastructure.

- MySQL or MariaDB

  By leveraging a MySQL-compatible client library, netatalk can be built with a MySQL CNID backend that is highly scalable and reliable. The administrator has to provide a separate database instance for use with this backend.

- PAM

  PAM provides a flexible mechanism for authenticating users. PAM was invented by SUN Microsystems. Linux-PAM is a suite of shared libraries that enable the local system administrator to choose how applications authenticate users.

- TCP wrappers

  Wietse Venema's network logger, also known as TCPD or LOG_TCP.

  Security options are: access control per host, domain and/or service; detection of host name spoofing or host address spoofing; booby traps to implement an early-warning system.

- Tracker, or TinySPARQL / LocalSearch

  Netatalk uses Tracker or its later incarnation TinySPARQL/LocalSearch as the metadata backend for Spotlight search indexing. The minimum required version is 0.7 as this was the first version to support SPARQL.

- talloc / bison / flex

  Samba's talloc library, a Yacc parser such as bison, and a lexer like flex are also required for Spotlight.

### Configure and build Netatalk

Instructions on how to use the build system to configure and build netatalk source code are documented in the INSTALL.md file in the Netatalk source tree.

For examples of concrete steps to compile on specific operating systems, refer to the Compile Netatalk from Source appendix in this manual, which is automatically generated from the CI build scripts.

## Starting and stopping Netatalk

The Netatalk distribution comes with several operating system specific startup script templates that are tailored according to the options given to the build system before compiling. Currently, templates are provided for systemd, openrc, in addition to platform specific scripts for popular Linux distributions, BSD variants, Solaris descendants, and macOS.

When building from source, the Netatalk build system will attempt to detect which init style is appropriate for your platform. You can also configure the build system to install the specific type of startup script(s) you want by specifying the `with-init-style` option. For the syntax, please refer to the build system's help text.

Since new Linux, *BSD, and Solaris-like distributions appear at regular intervals, and the startup procedure for the other systems mentioned above might change as well, it is a good idea to not blindly install a startup script but to confirm first that it will work on your system.

If you use Netatalk as part of a fixed setup, like a Linux distribution, an RPM or a BSD package, things will probably have been arranged properly for you. The previous paragraphs therefore apply mostly for people who have compiled Netatalk themselves.

The following daemon need to be started by whatever startup script mechanism is used:

- netatalk

In the absence of a startup script, you can also launch this daemon directly (as root), and kill it with SIGTERM when you are done with it.

Additionally, make sure that the configuration file `afp.conf` is in the right place. You can inquire netatalk where it is expecting the file to be by running the `netatalk -V` command.

If you want to run AppleTalk services, you also need to start the atalkd daemon, plus the optional papd, timelord, and a2boot daemons. See the AppleTalk chapter in this manual for more information.

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