Contributing to pandoc
======================

Welcome to pandoc! Very soon after its beginnings in 2006, pandoc
has been influenced, improved, and modified, by users, devs, and
newcomers alike. The project thrives on its active community. It is
great to have you here.

How can I help?
---------------

There are many ways in which you can support pandoc. Here are a few
ideas:

  * Participate in online discussions. The [discussion
    forum] is a good place for this.

  * Help with questions. Every request that is answered by the wider
    community frees time for programming contributors. This will
    speed up development of new features and issue fixes. Don't
    underestimate your knowledge, please share it!

    Good places to help are the [discussion forum], Q/A
    sites like StackOverflow, community forums (e.g.
    [RStudio][RStudio Community], [Zettlr][Zettlr Forum]), and, for
    technical questions, the GitHub [issue tracker].

  * Write or improve documentation. If you ran into a problem which
    took more time to figure out than expected, please consider to
    save other users from the same experience. People writing the
    documentation tend to lack an outside view, so please help
    provide one. Good documentation is both difficult and extremely
    important.

    The official docs are not the only place for documentation.
    Pandoc also has a [Wiki][pandoc wiki]. Private blogs can serve
    as documentation just as the official manual can.

  * Contribute code. No matter whether it's a small fix in a format
    template or a huge lump of Haskell code: help is welcome. It's
    usually a good idea to talk about the plans early, as this can
    prevent unnecessary work. See below for more information.

  * Last but not least: consider funding the development and
    maintenance of pandoc financially. You can find sponsor buttons
    on the [pandoc website] and the [GitHub repository][GitHub
    repo].

A rich ecosystem of libraries, editors, filters, and templates has
developed around pandoc; conversely, pandoc builds and depends on a
large number of libraries. Contributing to any of these projects is
another way that can help to ensure stability, and to keep pushing
the boundaries of what is possible with pandoc.

[RStudio Community]: https://community.rstudio.com/
[Zettlr Forum]: https://forum.zettlr.com/
[pandoc wiki]: https://github.com/jgm/pandoc/wiki
[pandoc website]: https://pandoc.org
[GitHub repo]: https://github.com/jgm/pandoc

Have a question?
----------------

Ask on the [discussion forum].


Found a bug?
------------

Bug reports are welcome!  Please report all bugs on pandoc's GitHub
[issue tracker].

Before you submit a bug report, search the [open issues] *and* [closed issues]
to make sure the issue hasn't come up before. Also, check the [User's Guide] and
[FAQs] for anything relevant.

Make sure you can reproduce the bug with the [latest released
version] of pandoc---or, even better, the development version,
since the bug may have been fixed since the last release.
[Nightly builds] are available, so you don't need to compile
from source to test against the development version.
(To fetch a nightly, visit the link, click the topmost "Nightly"
in the table, then choose your platform under "Artifacts."  Note
that you must be logged in with a GitHub account.)

Your report should give detailed, *reproducible* instructions, including

  * the pandoc version (check using `pandoc -v`)
  * the exact command line used
  * the exact input used
  * the output received
  * the output you expected instead

A small test case (just a few lines) is ideal.  If your input is large,
try to whittle it down to a *minimum working example*.

Out of scope?
-------------

A less than perfect conversion does not necessarily mean there's
a bug in pandoc.  Quoting from the MANUAL:

> Because pandoc's intermediate representation of a document is less
> expressive than many of the formats it converts between, one should
> not expect perfect conversions between every format and every other.
> Pandoc attempts to preserve the structural elements of a document, but
> not formatting details such as margin size.  And some document elements,
> such as complex tables, may not fit into pandoc's simple document
> model.  While conversions from pandoc's Markdown to all formats aspire
> to be perfect, conversions from formats more expressive than pandoc's
> Markdown can be expected to be lossy.

For example, both `docx` and `odt` formats can represent margin size, but
because pandoc's internal document model does not contain a representation of
margin size, this information will be lost on converting from docx
to `odt`.  (You can, however, customize margin size using `--reference-doc`.)

So before submitting a bug report, consider whether it might be
"out of scope." If it concerns a feature of documents that isn't
representable in pandoc's Markdown, then it very likely is.
(If in doubt, you can always ask on the [discussion forum].)

Fixing bugs from the issue tracker
----------------------------------

Almost all the bugs on the issue tracker have one or more associated
tags. These are used to indicate the *complexity* and *nature* of a
bug. There is not yet a way to indicate priority. An up to date
summary of issues can be found on [GitHub labels].

* [good first issue] — The perfect starting point for new contributors. The
  issue is generic and can be resolved without deep knowledge of the code
  base.
* [enhancement] — A feature which would be desirable. We recommend
  you discuss any proposed enhancement on the [discussion forum]
  before writing code.
* [bug] — A problem which needs to be fixed.
* [complexity:low] — The fix should only be a couple of lines.
* [complexity:high] — The fix might require structural changes or in depth
  knowledge of the code base.
* [new:reader] — A request to add a new input format.
* [new:writer] — A request to add a new output format.
* [docs] — A discrepancy,  or ambiguity in the documentation.
* [status:in-progress] — Someone is actively working on or planning to work on the
  ticket.
* [status:more-discussion-needed] — It is unclear what the correct approach
  to solving the ticket is. Before starting on tickets such as this it
  would be advisable to post on the ticket.
* [status:more-info-needed] — We require more information from a user before
  we can classify a report properly.

Issues related to a specific format are tagged accordingly, e.g. feature request
or bug reports related to Markdown are labelled with [format:markdown].

Have an idea for a new feature?
-------------------------------

First, search the [discussion forum]
and the issue tracker (both [open issues] *and*
[closed issues]) to make sure that the idea has not been discussed before.

Explain the rationale for the feature you're requesting.  Why would this
feature be useful?  Consider also any possible drawbacks, including backwards
compatibility, new library dependencies, and performance issues.

Features are very rarely "implement and forget", as all code must be
maintained. This is especially relevant for large or complex
contributions. It is helpful to be sympathetic to that fact, and to
communicate future plans and availability clearly.

Any potential new feature is best discussed on the [discussion
forum] before opening an issue.

Patches and pull requests
-------------------------

Patches and pull requests are welcome.  Before you put time into a nontrivial
patch, it is a good idea to discuss it on the
[discussion forum], especially if it is for a new feature (rather
than fixing a bug).

Please follow these guidelines:

1.  Each patch (commit) should make a single logical change (fix a bug, add
    a feature, clean up some code, add documentation).  Everything
    related to that change should be included (including tests and
    documentation), and nothing unrelated should be included.

2.  The first line of the commit message should be a short description
    of the whole commit (ideally <= 50 characters).  Then there should
    be a blank line, followed by a more detailed description of the
    change.

3.  Follow the stylistic conventions you find in the existing
    pandoc code.  Use spaces, not tabs, and wrap code to 80 columns.
    Always include type signatures for top-level functions.
    Consider installing [EditorConfig], this will help you to follow the
    coding style prevalent in pandoc.

4.  Your code should compile without warnings (`-Wall` clean).

5.  Run the tests to make sure your code does not introduce new bugs.
    (See below under [Tests](#tests).)  All tests should pass.

6.  It is a good idea to add test cases for the bug you are fixing.  (See
    below under [Tests](#tests).)  If you are adding a new writer or reader,
    you must include tests.

7.  If you are adding a new feature, include updates to `MANUAL.txt`.

8.  All code must be released under the general license governing pandoc
    (GPL v2).

9.  It is better not to introduce new dependencies.  Dependencies on
    external C libraries should especially be avoided.

10. We aim for compatibility with at least the last three
    released ghc versions, and sometimes more.  Currently we
    support ghc versions 9.6 and higher. All pull requests
    and commits are tested automatically on GitHub Actions.

Tests
-----

Tests can be run as follows:

    cabal install --only-dependencies --enable-tests
    cabal configure --enable-tests
    cabal build
    cabal test

or, if you're using [stack],

    stack setup
    stack test

The test program is `test/test-pandoc.hs`.

To run particular tests (pattern-matching on their names), use
the `-p` option:

    cabal install pandoc --enable-tests
    cabal test --test-options='-p markdown'

Or with stack:

    stack test --test-arguments='-p markdown'

It is often helpful to add `-j4` (run tests in parallel) and
`--hide-successes` (don't clutter output with successes) to the test
arguments as well. Collecting all options in a `cabal.project.local`
file in the project's root directory can help to keep `cabal`
commands short. E.g.:

    flags: +embed_data_files
    tests: True
    test-show-details: direct
    test-options: -j4 --hide-successes

If you add a new feature to pandoc, please add tests as well, following
the pattern of the existing tests. The test suite code is in
`test/test-pandoc.hs`. If you are adding a new reader or writer, it is
probably easiest to add some data files to the `test` directory, and
modify `test/Tests/Old.hs`. Otherwise, it is better to modify the module
under the `test/Tests` hierarchy corresponding to the pandoc module you
are changing.  Alternatively, you may add a "command test" to
the `/test/command/` hierarchy, following the pattern of the tests there.
These test files should have a meaningful name, which can include the issue
number and/or the feature that's being tested. For example, `5474-tables.md`
refers to both issue and feature.

You can rebuild the golden tests in `tests/` by passing
`--accept` to the test script. (If you're using stack, `stack
test --test-arguments "--accept"`; or `make TESTARGS=--accept`).
Then check the changed golden files for accuracy, and
commit the changes.  For docx or pptx tests, open the files in Word
or Powerpoint to ensure that they weren't corrupted and that
they had the expected result, and mention the Word/Powerpoint
version and OS in your commit comment.

Code style
----------

Pandoc uses [hlint] to identify opportunities for code improvements
like redundant brackets or unnecessary `Language` extensions.
However, sometimes there are cases where there are good reasons to
use code different from what hlint proposes. In these cases, the
respective warning should be disabled in the file `.hlint.yaml`.

There should be no errors when running `hlint .`; this is checked by
the continuous integration (CI) setup. It is recommended that
contributors check their code with a local hlint installation, but
relying on the CI is fine, too.

A good way to ensure no new warnings are introduced is to use a Git
[pre-commit hook] which runs hlint on all updated Haskell files
before creating a commit:

    #!/bin/sh
    git diff --diff-filter=MA --cached --name-only | grep '\.hs$' | \
      xargs hlint --hint .hlint.yaml

(If you are using GNU `xargs`, add the `-r` option immediately
after `xargs`.)

Saving this to `.git/hooks/pre-commit`, and making the script
executable, will prevent accidental introduction of potentially
problematic code.

Benchmarks
----------

To run benchmarks with cabal:

    cabal configure --enable-benchmarks
    cabal build
    cabal bench

With stack:

    stack bench


Using the REPL
--------------

With a recent version of cabal, you can do `cabal repl` and get
a ghci REPL for working with pandoc.  With [stack], use
`stack ghci`.

We recommend using the following `.ghci` file (which can be
placed in the source directory):

    :set -fobject-code
    :set -XTypeSynonymInstances
    :set -XScopedTypeVariables
    :set -XOverloadedStrings

Profiling
---------

To diagnose a performance issue with parsing, first try using
the `--trace` option.  This will give you a record of when block
parsers succeed, so you can spot backtracking issues.

To use the GHC profiler with cabal:

    cabal clean
    cabal install --enable-library-profiling --enable-executable-profiling
    pandoc +RTS -p -RTS [file]...
    less pandoc.prof

With stack:

    stack clean
    stack install --profile
    pandoc +RTS -p -RTS [file]...
    less pandoc.prof

The code
--------

Pandoc has a publicly accessible git repository on
GitHub: <https://github.com/jgm/pandoc>.  To get a local copy of the source:

    git clone https://github.com/jgm/pandoc.git

The source for the main pandoc program is `pandoc.hs`.  The source for
the pandoc library is in `src/`, the source for the tests is in
`test/`, and the source for the benchmarks is in `benchmark/`.

The modules `Text.Pandoc.Definition`, `Text.Pandoc.Builder`, and
`Text.Pandoc.Generic` are in a separate library `pandoc-types`.  The code can
be found in <https://github.com/jgm/pandoc-types>.

To build pandoc, you will need a working installation of the
[Haskell platform].

The library is structured as follows:

  - `Text.Pandoc` is a top-level module that exports what is needed
    by most users of the library.  Any patches that add new readers
    or writers will need to make changes here, too.
  - `Text.Pandoc.Definition` (in `pandoc-types`) defines the types
    used for representing a pandoc document.
  - `Text.Pandoc.Builder` (in `pandoc-types`) provides functions for
    building pandoc documents programmatically.
  - `Text.Pandoc.Generics` (in `pandoc-types`) provides functions allowing
    you to promote functions that operate on parts of pandoc documents
    to functions that operate on whole pandoc documents, walking the
    tree automatically.
  - `Text.Pandoc.Readers.*` are the readers, and `Text.Pandoc.Writers.*`
    are the writers.
  - `Text.Pandoc.Citeproc.*` contain the code for citation handling,
    including an interface to the [citeproc] library.
  - `Text.Pandoc.Data` is used to embed data files when the `embed_data_files`
    cabal flag is used.
  - `Text.Pandoc.Emoji` is a thin wrapper around [emojis].
  - `Text.Pandoc.Highlighting` contains the interface to the
    skylighting library, which is used for code syntax highlighting.
  - `Text.Pandoc.ImageSize` is a utility module containing functions for
    calculating image sizes from the contents of image files.
  - `Text.Pandoc.MIME` contains functions for associating MIME types
    with extensions.
  - `Text.Pandoc.Options` defines reader and writer options.
  - `Text.Pandoc.PDF` contains functions for producing a PDF from a
    LaTeX source.
  - `Text.Pandoc.Parsing` contains parsing functions used in multiple readers.
    the needs of pandoc.
  - `Text.Pandoc.SelfContained` contains functions for making an HTML
    file "self-contained," by importing remotely linked images, CSS,
    and JavaScript and turning them into `data:` URLs.
  - `Text.Pandoc.Shared` is a grab-bag of shared utility functions.
  - `Text.Pandoc.Writers.Shared` contains utilities used in writers only.
  - `Text.Pandoc.Slides` contains functions for splitting a markdown document
    into slides, using the conventions described in the MANUAL.
  - `Text.Pandoc.Templates` defines pandoc's templating system.
  - `Text.Pandoc.UTF8` contains functions for converting text to and from
    UTF8 bytestrings (strict and lazy).
  - `Text.Pandoc.Asciify` contains functions to derive ascii versions of
    identifiers that use accented characters.
  - `Text.Pandoc.UUID` contains functions for generating UUIDs.
  - `Text.Pandoc.XML` contains functions for formatting XML.

Adding a new command-line option
--------------------------------

To add a new command-line option, you'll need to make changes in several
places:

- `MANUAL.txt` -- documentation for new option, both in the list
  of options and in the section on defaults files.
- `Text.Pandoc.App.Opt` -- new constructor for Opt and default
  value
- `Text.Pandoc.App.CommandLineOptions` -- the option parser
- `Text.Pandoc.App` or `Text.Pandoc.App.OutputSettings` --
  handle the new option
- possibly in pandoc-server: `Text.Pandoc.Server` -- handle the
  new option

If your change requires a new field for ReaderOptions or
WriterOptions, you'll also need to

- `Text.Pandoc.Options` -- type change and default value
- in pandoc-lua-engine: Text.Pandoc.Lua.Marshal.WriterOptions
  and/or Text.Pandoc.Lua.Marshal.ReaderOptions


[open issues]: https://github.com/jgm/pandoc/issues
[closed issues]: https://github.com/jgm/pandoc/issues?q=is%3Aissue+is%3Aclosed
[latest released version]: https://github.com/jgm/pandoc/releases/latest
[Nightly builds]: https://github.com/jgm/pandoc/actions?query=workflow%3ANightly
[pandoc-discuss]: https://groups.google.com/group/pandoc-discuss
[issue tracker]: https://github.com/jgm/pandoc/issues
[User's Guide]: https://pandoc.org/MANUAL.html
[FAQs]:  https://pandoc.org/faqs.html
[EditorConfig]: https://editorconfig.org/
[Haskell platform]: https://www.haskell.org/platform/
[hlint]: https://hackage.haskell.org/package/hlint
[citeproc]: https://hackage.haskell.org/package/citeproc
[emojis]: https://hackage.haskell.org/package/emojis
[hsb2hs]: https://hackage.haskell.org/package/hsb2hs
[pre-commit hook]: https://git-scm.com/book/en/v2/Customizing-Git-Git-Hooks
[GitHub labels]: https://github.com/jgm/pandoc/labels
[good first issue]:https://github.com/jgm/pandoc/labels/good%20first%20issue
[enhancement]: https://github.com/jgm/pandoc/labels/enhancement
[bug]: https://github.com/jgm/pandoc/labels/bug
[complexity:low]: https://github.com/jgm/pandoc/labels/complexity:low
[complexity:high]: https://github.com/jgm/pandoc/labels/complexity:high
[docs]: https://github.com/jgm/pandoc/labels/docs
[format:markdown]: https://github.com/jgm/pandoc/labels/format:markdown
[new:reader]: https://github.com/jgm/pandoc/labels/new:reader
[new:writer]: https://github.com/jgm/pandoc/labels/new:writer
[status:in-progress]: https://github.com/jgm/pandoc/labels/status:in-progress
[status:more-discussion-needed]: https://github.com/jgm/pandoc/labels/status:more-discussion-needed
[status:more-info-needed]: https://github.com/jgm/pandoc/labels/status:more-info-needed
[stack]: https://github.com/commercialhaskell/stack
[discussion forum]: https://github.com/jgm/pandoc/discussions

