NAME
       text,  tk_textCopy,  tk_textCut, tk_textPaste - Create and
       manipulate text widgets

SYNOPSIS
       text pathName ?options?
       tk_textCopy pathName
       tk_textCut pathName
       tk_textPaste pathName

STANDARD OPTIONS
       -background           -highlightthickness  -relief
       -borderwidth          -insertbackground    -selectbackground
       -cursor               -insertborderwidth   -selectborderwidth
       -exportselection      -insertofftime       -selectforeground
       -font                 -insertontime        -setgrid
       -foreground           -insertwidth         -takefocus
       -highlightbackground  -padx                -xscrollcommand
       -highlightcolor       -pady                -yscrollcommand

       See the options manual entry for details on  the  standard
       options.

WIDGET-SPECIFIC OPTIONS
       Command-Line Name:-autoseparators
       Database Name:  autoSeparators
       Database Class: AutoSeparators

              Specifies  a  boolean  that says whether separators
              are automatically inserted in the undo stack.  Only
              meaningful when the -undo option is true.

       Command-Line Name:-height
       Database Name:  height
       Database Class: Height

              Specifies  the  desired  height  for the window, in
              units of characters in the font given by the  -font
              option.  Must be at least one.

       Command-Line Name:-maxundo
       Database Name:  maxUndo
       Database Class: MaxUndo

              Specifies  the  maximum  number  of  compound  undo
              actions on the undo stack. A  zero  or  a  negative
              value imply an unlimited undo stack.

       Command-Line Name:-spacing1
       Database Name:  spacing1
       Database Class: Spacing1

              Requests  additional  space above each text line in
              the widget, using any of  the  standard  forms  for
              screen  distances.   If  a  line wraps, this option
              only applies to the  first  line  on  the  display.
              This option may be overriden with -spacing1 options
              in tags.

       Command-Line Name:-spacing2
       Database Name:  spacing2
       Database Class: Spacing2

              For lines that wrap (so that they cover  more  than
              one  line  on  the  display)  this option specifies
              additional space to  provide  between  the  display
              lines  that  represent  a single line of text.  The
              value may have any of the standard forms for screen
              distances.   This  option  may  be  overriden  with
              -spacing2 options in tags.

       Command-Line Name:-spacing3
       Database Name:  spacing3
       Database Class: Spacing3

              Requests additional space below each text  line  in
              the  widget,  using  any  of the standard forms for
              screen distances.  If a  line  wraps,  this  option
              only applies to the last line on the display.  This
              option may be overriden with -spacing3  options  in
              tags.

       Command-Line Name:-state
       Database Name:  state
       Database Class: State

              Specifies  one  of two states for the text:  normal
              or disabled.  If the text is disabled then  charac-
              ters  may  not be inserted or deleted and no inser-
              tion cursor will be displayed, even  if  the  input
              focus is in the widget.

       Command-Line Name:-tabs
       Database Name:  tabs
       Database Class: Tabs

              Specifies  a  set of tab stops for the window.  The
              option's value consists of a list  of  screen  dis-
              tances giving the positions of the tab stops.  Each
              position may optionally be  followed  in  the  next
              list  element  by  one of the keywords left, right,
              center, or numeric, which specifies how to  justify
              text  relative  to  the  tab  stop.   Left  is  the
              default; it causes the text following the tab char-
              acter  to  be  positioned with its left edge at the
              tab position.  Right means that the right  edge  of
              the  text following the tab character is positioned
              at the tab position, and center means that the text
              is  centered  at  the  tab position.  Numeric means
              that the decimal point in the text is positioned at
              the  tab  position;   if  there is no decimal point
              then the least significant digit of the  number  is
              positioned  just  to  the left of the tab position;
              if there is no number in the text then the text  is
              right-justified  at the tab position.  For example,
              -tabs {2c left 4c  6c  center}  creates  three  tab
              stops  at  two-centimeter intervals;  the first two
              use left justification and the  third  uses  center
              justification.   If  the list of tab stops does not
              have enough elements to cover all of the tabs in  a
              text line, then Tk extrapolates new tab stops using
              the spacing and alignment from the last tab stop in
              the  list.   The  value  of  the tabs option may be
              overridden by -tabs options in tags.  If  no  -tabs
              option  is  specified,  or if it is specified as an
              empty list, then Tk uses default tabs spaced  every
              eight (average size) characters.

       Command-Line Name:-undo
       Database Name:  undo
       Database Class: Undo

              Specifies  a  boolean  that  says  whether the undo
              mechanism is active or not.

       Command-Line Name:-width
       Database Name:  width
       Database Class: Width

              Specifies the desired width for the window in units
              of  characters  in  the  font  given  by  the -font
              option.  If the font doesn't have a  uniform  width
              then  the  width  of the character ``0'' is used in
              translating from character units to screen units.

       Command-Line Name:-wrap
       Database Name:  wrap
       Database Class: Wrap

              Specifies how to handle lines in the text that  are
              too  long  to  be displayed in a single line of the
              text's window.  The value must be none or  char  or
              word.   A wrap mode of none means that each line of
              text appears as exactly one  line  on  the  screen;
              extra  characters  that don't fit on the screen are
              not displayed.  In the other  modes  each  line  of
              text will be broken up into several screen lines if
              necessary to keep all the characters  visible.   In
              char  mode  a screen line break may occur after any
              character; in word mode a line break will  only  be
              made at word boundaries.


DESCRIPTION
       The  text command creates a new window (given by the path-
       Name argument) and makes it into  a  text  widget.   Addi-
       tional  options,  described above, may be specified on the
       command line  or  in  the  option  database  to  configure
       aspects  of  the text such as its default background color
       and relief.  The text command returns the path name of the
       new window.

       A  text  widget  displays  one  or  more lines of text and
       allows that text to be edited.  Text widgets support  four
       different  kinds  of annotations on the text, called tags,
       marks, embedded windows or embedded  images.   Tags  allow
       different  portions  of the text to be displayed with dif-
       ferent fonts and colors.  In addition, Tcl commands can be
       associated with tags so that scripts are invoked when par-
       ticular  actions  such  as  keystrokes  and  mouse  button
       presses  occur in particular ranges of the text.  See TAGS
       below for more details.

       The second form of annotation consists of marks, which are
       floating  markers  in  the  text.   Marks are used to keep
       track of various interesting positions in the text  as  it
       is edited.  See MARKS below for more details.

       The  third  form of annotation allows arbitrary windows to
       be embedded in a text widget.  See EMBEDDED WINDOWS  below
       for more details.

       The  fourth  form  of  annotation  allows  Tk images to be
       embedded in a text widget.  See EMBEDDED IMAGES below  for
       more details.

       The  text  widget also has a built-in undo/redo mechanism.
       See UNDO MECHANISM below for more details.


INDICES
       Many of the widget commands for texts  take  one  or  more
       indices  as arguments.  An index is a string used to indi-
       cate a particular place within a text, such as a place  to
       insert characters or one endpoint of a range of characters
       to delete.  Indices have the syntax
              base modifier modifier modifier ...
       Where base gives a starting point and the modifiers adjust
       the  index  from  the starting point (e.g. move forward or
       backward one character).  Every index must contain a base,
       but the modifiers are optional.

       The  base  for  an  index  must  have one of the following
       forms:

       line.char   Indicates  char'th  character  on  line  line.
                   Lines are numbered from 1 for consistency with
                   other UNIX programs that  use  this  numbering
                   scheme.   Within  a  line, characters are num-
                   bered from 0.  If char is end then  it  refers
                   to the newline character that ends the line.

       @x,y        Indicates  the character that covers the pixel
                   whose x and y coordinates  within  the  text's
                   window are x and y.

       end         Indicates  the  end of the text (the character
                   just after the last newline).

       mark        Indicates the character just  after  the  mark
                   whose name is mark.

       tag.first   Indicates the first character in the text that
                   has been tagged with tag.  This form generates
                   an error if no characters are currently tagged
                   with tag.

       tag.last    Indicates the character just  after  the  last
                   one in the text that has been tagged with tag.
                   This form generates an error if no  characters
                   are currently tagged with tag.

       pathName    Indicates  the position of the embedded window
                   whose name is pathName.  This  form  generates
                   an error if there is no embedded window by the
                   given name.

       imageName   Indicates the position of the  embedded  image
                   whose  name is imageName.  This form generates
                   an error if there is no embedded image by  the
                   given name.

       If  the base could match more than one of the above forms,
       such as a mark and imageName both having the  same  value,
       then  the form earlier in the above list takes precedence.
       If modifiers follow the base index, each one of them  must
       have  one  of  the  forms  listed below.  Keywords such as
       chars and wordend may be abbreviated as long as the abbre-
       viation is unambiguous.

       + count chars
              Adjust  the index forward by count characters, mov-
              ing to later lines in the text  if  necessary.   If
              there  are  fewer than count characters in the text
              after the current index, then set the index to  the
              last  character in the text.  Spaces on either side
              of count are optional.

       - count chars
              Adjust the index backward by count characters, mov-
              ing  to earlier lines in the text if necessary.  If
              there are fewer than count characters in  the  text
              before the current index, then set the index to the
              first character in the text.  Spaces on either side
              of count are optional.

       + count lines
              Adjust  the index forward by count lines, retaining
              the same character position within  the  line.   If
              there  are  fewer  than  count lines after the line
              containing the current index, then set the index to
              refer  to  the  same character position on the last
              line of the text.  Then, if the line  is  not  long
              enough  to  contain  a  character  at the indicated
              character position, adjust the  character  position
              to  refer  to  the  last character of the line (the
              newline).  Spaces  on  either  side  of  count  are
              optional.

       - count lines
              Adjust the index backward by count lines, retaining
              the same character position within  the  line.   If
              there  are  fewer  than count lines before the line
              containing the current index, then set the index to
              refer  to  the same character position on the first
              line of the text.  Then, if the line  is  not  long
              enough  to  contain  a  character  at the indicated
              character position, adjust the  character  position
              to  refer  to  the  last character of the line (the
              newline).  Spaces  on  either  side  of  count  are
              optional.

       linestart
              Adjust the index to refer to the first character on
              the line.

       lineend
              Adjust the index to refer to the last character  on
              the line (the newline).

       wordstart
              Adjust the index to refer to the first character of
              the word containing the current index.  A word con-
              sists of any number of adjacent characters that are
              letters, digits, or underscores, or a single  char-
              acter that is not one of these.

       wordend
              Adjust  the  index  to  refer to the character just
              after the last one of the word containing the  cur-
              rent  index.   If  the  current index refers to the
              last character of the text then it is not modified.

       If more than one modifier is present then they are applied
       in left-to-right order.  For example, the index ``end -  1
       chars''  refers  to the next-to-last character in the text
       and ``insert wordstart - 1 c''  refers  to  the  character
       just  before  the  first  one  in  the word containing the
       insertion cursor.


TAGS
       The first form of annotation in text widgets is a tag.   A
       tag  is  a  textual string that is associated with some of
       the characters in a  text.   Tags  may  contain  arbitrary
       characters, but it is probably best to avoid using the the
       characters `` '' (space), +, or -: these  characters  have
       special  meaning in indices, so tags containing them can't
       be used as indices.  There may be any number of tags asso-
       ciated with characters in a text.  Each tag may refer to a
       single character, a range of characters, or several ranges
       of  characters.  An individual character may have any num-
       ber of tags associated with it.

       A priority order is defined among tags, and this order  is
       used  in  implementing  some  of the tag-related functions
       described below.  When a tag is defined (by associating it
       with  characters or setting its display options or binding
       commands to it), it is given a priority  higher  than  any
       existing tag.  The priority order of tags may be redefined
       using  the  ``pathName  tag  raise''  and  ``pathName  tag
       lower'' widget commands.

       Tags  serve  three  purposes in text widgets.  First, they
       control the way information is displayed  on  the  screen.
       By  default, characters are displayed as determined by the
       background, font, and foreground options for the text wid-
       get.   However,  display  options  may  be associated with
       individual tags using the ``pathName tag configure''  wid-
       get  command.   If  a  character has been tagged, then the
       display options  associated  with  the  tag  override  the
       default  display  style.   The  following options are cur-
       rently supported for tags:

       -background color
              Color specifies the background  color  to  use  for
              characters  associated  with  the tag.  It may have
              any of the forms accepted by Tk_GetColor.

       -bgstipple bitmap
              Bitmap specifies a bitmap that is used as a stipple
              pattern for the background.  It may have any of the
              forms accepted by Tk_GetBitmap.  If  bitmap  hasn't
              been  specified,  or if it is specified as an empty
              string, then a solid fill  will  be  used  for  the
              background.

       -borderwidth pixels
              Pixels  specifies the width of a 3-D border to draw
              around the background.  It  may  have  any  of  the
              forms  accepted  by  Tk_GetPixels.   This option is
              used in conjunction with the -relief option to give
              a  3-D appearance to the background for characters;
              it is ignored unless  the  -background  option  has
              been set for the tag.

       -elide boolean
              Elide  specifies whether the data should be elided.
              Elided data is not displayed and takes no space  on
              screen, but further on behaves just as normal data.

       -fgstipple bitmap
              Bitmap specifies a bitmap that is used as a stipple
              pattern  when  drawing  text  and  other foreground
              information such as underlines.  It may have any of
              the  forms  accepted  by  Tk_GetBitmap.   If bitmap
              hasn't been specified, or if it is specified as  an
              empty string, then a solid fill will be used.

       -font fontName
              FontName  is  the name of a font to use for drawing
              characters.  It may have any of the forms  accepted
              by Tk_GetFont.

       -foreground color
              Color  specifies the color to use when drawing text
              and other foreground  information  such  as  under-
              lines.   It  may  have any of the forms accepted by
              Tk_GetColor.

       -justify justify
              If the first character of a display line has a  tag
              for which this option has been specified, then jus-
              tify determines how to justify the line.   It  must
              be one of left, right, or center.  If a line wraps,
              then the justification for each line on the display
              is  determined  by the first character of that dis-
              play line.

       -lmargin1 pixels
              If the first character of a text line has a tag for
              which  this  option has been specified, then pixels
              specifies how much the line should be indented from
              the  left  edge of the window.  Pixels may have any
              of the standard forms for screen distances.   If  a
              line of text wraps, this option only applies to the
              first line on the display;   the  -lmargin2  option
              controls the indentation for subsequent lines.

       -lmargin2 pixels
              If  the first character of a display line has a tag
              for which this option has been  specified,  and  if
              the display line is not the first for its text line
              (i.e., the text  line  has  wrapped),  then  pixels
              specifies how much the line should be indented from
              the left edge of the window.  Pixels may  have  any
              of  the  standard forms for screen distances.  This
              option is only used when wrapping is  enabled,  and
              it  only  applies  to  the second and later display
              lines for a text line.

       -offset pixels
              Pixels specifies an  amount  by  which  the  text's
              baseline should be offset vertically from the base-
              line of the overall line, in pixels.  For  example,
              a  positive offset can be used for superscripts and
              a negative offset can be used for subscripts.  Pix-
              els  may  have any of the standard forms for screen
              distances.

       -overstrike boolean
              Specifies whether or not to draw a horizontal  rule
              through the middle of characters.  Boolean may have
              any of the forms accepted by Tk_GetBoolean.

       -relief relief
              Relief specifies the 3-D relief to use for  drawing
              backgrounds,  in  any  of  the  forms  accepted  by
              Tk_GetRelief.  This option is used  in  conjunction
              with  the -borderwidth option to give a 3-D appear-
              ance  to  the  background  for  characters;  it  is
              ignored  unless the -background option has been set
              for the tag.

       -rmargin pixels
              If the first character of a display line has a  tag
              for which this option has been specified, then pix-
              els specifies how wide a margin  to  leave  between
              the  end of the line and the right edge of the win-
              dow.  Pixels may have any of the standard forms for
              screen  distances.   This  option is only used when
              wrapping is enabled.  If a  text  line  wraps,  the
              right margin for each line on the display is deter-
              mined by the first character of that display  line.

       -spacing1 pixels
              Pixels  specifies  how much additional space should
              be left above each text  line,  using  any  of  the
              standard  forms  for  screen  distances.  If a line
              wraps, this option only applies to the  first  line
              on the display.

       -spacing2 pixels
              For lines that wrap, this option specifies how much
              additional space to leave between the display lines
              for a single text line.  Pixels may have any of the
              standard forms for screen distances.

       -spacing3 pixels
              Pixels specifies how much additional  space  should
              be  left  below  each  text  line, using any of the
              standard forms for screen  distances.   If  a  line
              wraps, this option only applies to the last line on
              the display.

       -tabs tabList
              TabList specifies a set of tab stops  in  the  same
              form  as  for the -tabs option for the text widget.
              This option only applies to a display  line  if  it
              applies  to  the  first  character  on that display
              line.  If this option  is  specified  as  an  empty
              string,  it cancels the option, leaving it unspeci-
              fied for the tag (the default).  If the  option  is
              specified  as  a  non-empty string that is an empty
              list, such as -tags { }, then it  requests  default
              8-character  tabs  as described for the tags widget
              option.

       -underline boolean
              Boolean specifies whether or not to draw an  under-
              line underneath characters.  It may have any of the
              forms accepted by Tk_GetBoolean.

       -wrap mode
              Mode specifies how to handle lines that  are  wider
              than the text's window.  It has the same legal val-
              ues as the -wrap option for the text widget:  none,
              char, or word.  If this tag option is specified, it
              overrides the -wrap option for the text widget.

       If a character has several tags associated with it, and if
       their  display  options  conflict, then the options of the
       highest priority tag are used.  If  a  particular  display
       option  hasn't  been specified for a particular tag, or if
       it is specified as an empty string, then that option  will
       never  be  used;   the  next-highest-priority tag's option
       will used instead.  If no tag specifies a particular  dis-
       play option, then the default style for the widget will be
       used.

       The second purpose for tags is event  bindings.   You  can
       associate bindings with a tag in much the same way you can
       associate bindings with a widget class:  whenever particu-
       lar  X  events  occur  on characters with the given tag, a
       given Tcl command will be executed.  Tag bindings  can  be
       used  to  give  behaviors  to  ranges of characters; among
       other things, this allows hypertext-like  features  to  be
       implemented.   For details, see the description of the tag
       bind widget command below.

       The third use for tags is in managing the selection.   See
       THE SELECTION below.


MARKS
       The  second  form of annotation in text widgets is a mark.
       Marks are used for  remembering  particular  places  in  a
       text.   They  are  something  like tags, in that they have
       names and they refer to places in the  file,  but  a  mark
       isn't  associated  with particular characters.  Instead, a
       mark is associated with the gap  between  two  characters.
       Only  a  single  position may be associated with a mark at
       any given time.  If  the  characters  around  a  mark  are
       deleted the mark will still remain;  it will just have new
       neighbor characters.  In contrast, if the characters  con-
       taining a tag are deleted then the tag will no longer have
       an association with characters in the file.  Marks may  be
       manipulated with the ``pathName mark'' widget command, and
       their current locations may be  determined  by  using  the
       mark name as an index in widget commands.

       Each  mark  also  has  a  gravity, which is either left or
       right.  The gravity for a mark specifies what  happens  to
       the  mark  when text is inserted at the point of the mark.
       If a mark has left gravity, then the mark is treated as if
       it were attached to the character on its left, so the mark
       will remain to the left of any text inserted at  the  mark
       position.   If  the  mark  has  right  gravity,  new  text
       inserted at the mark position will appear to the  left  of
       the  mark (so that the mark remains rightmost).  The grav-
       ity for a mark defaults to right.

       The name space for marks is different from that for  tags:
       the  same  name may be used for both a mark and a tag, but
       they will refer to different things.

       Two marks have  special  significance.   First,  the  mark
       insert   is  associated  with  the  insertion  cursor,  as
       described under THE INSERTION CURSOR below.   Second,  the
       mark  current  is associated with the character closest to
       the mouse and is adjusted automatically to track the mouse
       position  and  any  changes to the text in the widget (one
       exception:  current is not updated in  response  to  mouse
       motions  if  a  mouse  button is down;  the update will be
       deferred until all  mouse  buttons  have  been  released).
       Neither of these special marks may be deleted.


EMBEDDED WINDOWS
       The  third  form  of  annotation  in  text  widgets  is an
       embedded window.  Each embedded window annotation causes a
       window to be displayed at a particular point in  the text.
       There may be any number of embedded windows in a text wid-
       get,  and  any  widget  may  be used as an embedded window
       (subject to the usual rules for geometry management, which
       require  the  text window to be the parent of the embedded
       window or a descendant of its parent).  The embedded  win-
       dow's  position  on the screen will be updated as the text
       is modified  or  scrolled,  and  it  will  be  mapped  and
       unmapped  as  it moves into and out of the visible area of
       the text widget.  Each embedded window occupies one  char-
       acter's  worth  of  index space in the text widget, and it
       may be referred to either by the name of its embedded win-
       dow  or  by  its position in the widget's index space.  If
       the range  of  text  containing  the  embedded  window  is
       deleted then the window is destroyed.

       When an embedded window is added to a text widget with the
       window  create  widget  command,   several   configuration
       options  may  be associated with it.  These options may be
       modified later with the window configure  widget  command.
       The following options are currently supported:

       -align where
              If  the  window is not as tall as the line in which
              it is displayed, this option determines  where  the
              window  is  displayed in the line.  Where must have
              one of the values top (align the top of the  window
              with  the top of the line), center (center the win-
              dow within the range of the  line),  bottom  (align
              the  bottom  of  the  window with the bottom of the
              line's area), or baseline (align the bottom of  the
              window with the baseline of the line).

       -create script
              Specifies  a  Tcl  script  that may be evaluated to
              create the window for the annotation.  If no  -win-
              dow  option  has  been specified for the annotation
              this script will be evaluated when  the  annotation
              is  about  to  be  displayed on the screen.  Script
              must create a window for the annotation and  return
              the  name  of  that  window  as its result.  If the
              annotation's window should ever be deleted,  script
              will  be  evaluated again the next time the annota-
              tion is displayed.

       -padx pixels
              Pixels specifies the amount of extra space to leave
              on  each  side of the embedded window.  It may have
              any of the usual forms defined for  a  screen  dis-
              tance.

       -pady pixels
              Pixels specifies the amount of extra space to leave
              on the top and on the bottom of the  embedded  win-
              dow.   It  may  have any of the usual forms defined
              for a screen distance.

       -stretch boolean
              If the requested height of the embedded  window  is
              less  than  the  height  of the line in which it is
              displayed, this  option  can  be  used  to  specify
              whether  the  window should be stretched vertically
              to fill its line.  If the  -pady  option  has  been
              specified  as well, then the requested padding will
              be retained even if the window is stretched.

       -window pathName
              Specifies the name of a window to  display  in  the
              annotation.


EMBEDDED IMAGES
       The  final form of annotation in text widgets is an embed-
       ded image.  Each embedded image annotation causes an image
       to be displayed at a particular point in  the text.  There
       may be any number of embedded images in a text widget, and
       a  particular  image may be embedded in multiple places in
       the same text widget.  The embedded  image's  position  on
       the  screen  will  be  updated  as the text is modified or
       scrolled.  Each embedded image  occupies  one  character's
       worth  of  index  space  in the text widget, and it may be
       referred to either by its position in the  widget's  index
       space,  or  the  name  it  is  assigned  when the image is
       inserted into the text widget widh image create.   If  the
       range  of  text  containing  the embedded image is deleted
       then that copy of the image is removed from the screen.

       When an embedded image is added to a text widget with  the
       image  create  widget  command,  a  name  unique  to  this
       instance of the image is returned.  This name may then  be
       used  to  refer to this image instance.  The name is taken
       to be the value of the -name option (described below).  If
       the  -name option is not provided, the -image name is used
       instead.  If the imageName is already in use in  the  text
       widget,  then  #nn  is  added to the end of the imageName,
       where nn is an arbitrary integer.  This insures the image-
       Name  is  unique.   Once  this  name  is  assigned to this
       instance of the image, it does not change, even though the
       -image  or  -name values can be changed with image config-
       ure.

       When an embedded image is added to a text widget with  the
       image create widget command, several configuration options
       may be associated with it.  These options may be  modified
       later  with  the image configure widget command.  The fol-
       lowing options are currently supported:

       -align where
              If the image is not as tall as the line in which it
              is  displayed,  this  option  determines  where the
              image is displayed in the line.   Where  must  have
              one  of  the values top (align the top of the image
              with the top of the line), center (center the image
              within  the  range  of the line), bottom (align the
              bottom of the image with the bottom of  the  line's
              area),  or  baseline (align the bottom of the image
              with the baseline of the line).

       -image image
              Specifies the name of the Tk image  to  display  in
              the  annotation.  If image is not a valid Tk image,
              then an error is returned.

       -name ImageName
              Specifies the name by which this image instance may
              be  referenced  in the text widget. If ImageName is
              not supplied, then the name of the Tk image is used
              instead.   If  the imageName is already in use, #nn
              is appended to the end of  the  name  as  described
              above.

       -padx pixels
              Pixels specifies the amount of extra space to leave
              on each side of the embedded image.   It  may  have
              any  of  the  usual forms defined for a screen dis-
              tance.

       -pady pixels
              Pixels specifies the amount of extra space to leave
              on the top and on the bottom of the embedded image.
              It may have any of the usual forms  defined  for  a
              screen distance.


THE SELECTION
       Selection support is implemented via tags.  If the export-
       Selection option for the text widget is true then the  sel
       tag will be associated with the selection:

       [1]    Whenever  characters  are  tagged with sel the text
              widget will claim ownership of the selection.

       [2]    Attempts to retrieve the selection will be serviced
              by  the  text  widget, returning all the characters
              with the sel tag.

       [3]    If the selection is claimed away by another  appli-
              cation  or  by  another window within this applica-
              tion, then the sel tag will  be  removed  from  all
              characters in the text.

       [4]    Whenever  the sel tag range changes a virtual event
              <<Selection>> is generated.

       The sel tag is automatically defined when a text widget is
       created, and it may not be deleted with the ``pathName tag
       delete'' widget  command.   Furthermore,  the  selectBack-
       ground,  selectBorderWidth,  and  selectForeground options
       for the text widget are tied to the -background,  -border-
       width,  and  -foreground options for the sel tag:  changes
       in either will automatically be reflected in the other.


THE INSERTION CURSOR
       The mark named insert has  special  significance  in  text
       widgets.   It  is defined automatically when a text widget
       is created and it may not be  unset  with  the  ``pathName
       mark  unset''  widget command.  The insert mark represents
       the position of the insertion cursor,  and  the  insertion
       cursor  will automatically be drawn at this point whenever
       the text widget has the input focus.


THE MODIFIED FLAG
       The text widget can keep track of changes to  the  content
       of  the widget by means of the modified flag. Inserting or
       deleting text will set this flag. The flag can be queried,
       set and cleared programatically as well. Whenever the flag
       changes state a <<Modified>> virtual event  is  generated.
       See the edit modified widget command for more details.


THE UNDO MECHANISM
       The  text  widget has an unlimited undo and redo mechanism
       (when the -undo widget option is true) which records every
       insert and delete action on a stack.

       Boundaries (called "separators") are inserted between edit
       actions.  The purpose of  these  separators  is  to  group
       inserts  and  deletes into one compound edit action.  When
       undoing a change everything between two separators will be
       undone.   The  undone  changes  are then moved to the redo
       stack, so that an undone edit can be  redone  again.   The
       redo  stack  is  cleared  whenever  new  edit  actions are
       recorded on the undo stack.  The undo and redo stacks  can
       be cleared to keep their depth under control.

       Separators  are inserted automatically when the -autosepa-
       rators widget option is true.  You can  insert  separators
       programatically  as  well.  If a separator is already pre-
       sent at the top  of  the  undo  stack  no  other  will  be
       inserted.   That  means  that  two  separators on the undo
       stack are always separated  by  at  least  one  insert  or
       delete action.

       The  undo  mechanism  is also linked to the modified flag.
       This means that undoing or redoing changes can take a mod-
       ified  text  widget  back  to the unmodified state or vice
       versa.  The modified flag will be set automatically to the
       appropriate  state.  This automatic coupling does not work
       when the modified flag has been set by the user, until the
       flag has been reset again.

       See  below  for  the edit widget command that controls the
       undo mechanism.


WIDGET COMMAND
       The text command creates a new Tcl command whose  name  is
       the same as the path name of the text's window.  This com-
       mand may be used to invoke various operations on the  wid-
       get.  It has the following general form:
              pathName option ?arg arg ...?
       PathName  is the name of the command, which is the same as
       the text widget's path name.  Option and the  args  deter-
       mine  the  exact  behavior  of the command.  The following
       commands are possible for text widgets:

       pathName bbox index
              Returns a list  of  four  elements  describing  the
              screen  area  of the character given by index.  The
              first two elements of the list give  the  x  and  y
              coordinates  of  the  upper-left corner of the area
              occupied by the character, and the  last  two  ele-
              ments  give  the  width and height of the area.  If
              the character is  only  partially  visible  on  the
              screen,  then  the  return  value reflects just the
              visible part.  If the character is not  visible  on
              the  screen then the return value is an empty list.

       pathName cget option
              Returns the  current  value  of  the  configuration
              option given by option.  Option may have any of the
              values accepted by the text command.

       pathName compare index1 op index2
              Compares the indices given  by  index1  and  index2
              according  to  the relational operator given by op,
              and returns 1 if the relationship is satisfied  and
              0  if it isn't.  Op must be one of the operators <,
              <=, ==, >=, >, or !=.   If  op  is  ==  then  1  is
              returned if the two indices refer to the same char-
              acter, if op is < then  1  is  returned  if  index1
              refers  to  an  earlier  character in the text than
              index2, and so on.

       pathName configure ?option? ?value option value ...?
              Query or modify the configuration  options  of  the
              widget.   If no option is specified, returns a list
              describing all of the available options  for  path-
              Name  (see  Tk_ConfigureInfo for information on the
              format of this list).  If option is specified  with
              no  value, then the command returns a list describ-
              ing the one named option (this list will be identi-
              cal  to  the  corresponding  sublist  of  the value
              returned if no option is  specified).   If  one  or
              more  option-value  pairs  are  specified, then the
              command modifies the given widget option(s) to have
              the  given  value(s);   in  this  case  the command
              returns an empty string.  Option may  have  any  of
              the values accepted by the text command.

       pathName debug ?boolean?
              If  boolean  is specified, then it must have one of
              the true  or  false  values  accepted  by  Tcl_Get-
              Boolean.   If the value is a true one then internal
              consistency checks will be turned on in the  B-tree
              code  associated with text widgets.  If boolean has
              a false value then the  debugging  checks  will  be
              turned  off.  In either case the command returns an
              empty string.  If boolean is not specified then the
              command  returns  on  or off to indicate whether or
              not debugging is turned  on.   There  is  a  single
              debugging switch shared by all text widgets:  turn-
              ing debugging on or off in any widget turns  it  on
              or  off  for  all  widgets.  For widgets with large
              amounts of text, the consistency checks may cause a
              noticeable slow-down.

       When  debugging  is turned on, the drawing routines of the
       text widget set the  global  variables  tk_textRedraw  and
       tk_textRelayout  to the lists of indices that are redrawn.
       The values of these variables  are  tested  by  Tk's  test
       suite.

       pathName delete index1 ?index2 ...?
              Delete  a  range  of  characters from the text.  If
              both index1 and index2 are specified,  then  delete
              all  the  characters starting with the one given by
              index1 and stopping just before  index2  (i.e.  the
              character  at  index2  is  not deleted).  If index2
              doesn't specify a position later in the  text  than
              index1  then  no characters are deleted.  If index2
              isn't specified then the single character at index1
              is  deleted.  It is not allowable to delete charac-
              ters in a way that would leave the text  without  a
              newline as the last character.  The command returns
              an empty string.  If more indices are given, multi-
              ple  ranges  of  text will be deleted.  All indices
              are first checked for validity before any deletions
              are  made.  They are sorted and the text is removed
              from the last range to the first range  to  deleted
              text  does  not  cause  a  undesired index shifting
              side-effects.  If multiple  ranges  with  the  same
              start  index  are  given, then the longest range is
              used.  If overlapping ranges are given,  then  they
              will  be  merged into spans that do not cause dele-
              tion of text outside the given ranges due  to  text
              shifted during deletion.

       pathName dlineinfo index
              Returns  a  list  with five elements describing the
              area occupied by the display line containing index.
              The first two elements of the list give the x and y
              coordinates of the upper-left corner  of  the  area
              occupied by the line, the third and fourth elements
              give the width and height  of  the  area,  and  the
              fifth  element  gives  the position of the baseline
              for the line, measured down from  the  top  of  the
              area.   All of this information is measured in pix-
              els.  If the current wrap mode is none and the line
              extends  beyond  the  boundaries of the window, the
              area returned reflects the entire area of the line,
              including  the portions that are out of the window.
              If the line is shorter than the full width  of  the
              window  then  the  area  returned reflects just the
              portion of the line that is occupied by  characters
              and embedded windows.  If the display line contain-
              ing index is not visible on  the  screen  then  the
              return value is an empty list.

       pathName dump ?switches? index1 ?index2?
              Return  the contents of the text widget from index1
              up to, but not including index2, including the text
              and  information  about  marks,  tags, and embedded
              windows.  If  index2  is  not  specified,  then  it
              defaults  to one character past index1.  The infor-
              mation is returned in the following format:

              key1 value1 index1 key2 value2 index2 ...

              The possible key  values  are  text,  mark,  tagon,
              tagoff, and window.  The corresponding value is the
              text, mark name, tag name,  or  window  name.   The
              index  information is the index of the start of the
              text, the mark, the tag transition, or the  window.
              One or more of the following switches (or abbrevia-
              tions thereof) may  be  specified  to  control  the
              dump:

              -all   Return information about all elements: text,
                     marks, tags, images and  windows.   This  is
                     the default.

              -command command
                     Instead  of returning the information as the
                     result of the  dump  operation,  invoke  the
                     command  on  each element of the text widget
                     within the range.   The  command  has  three
                     arguments appended to it before it is evalu-
                     ated: the key, value, and index.

              -image Include information about images in the dump
                     results.

              -mark  Include  information about marks in the dump
                     results.

              -tag   Include information about tag transitions in
                     the   dump   results.   Tag  information  is
                     returned as tagon and tagoff  elements  that
                     indicate  the begin and end of each range of
                     each tag, respectively.

              -text  Include information about text in  the  dump
                     results.   The  value  is the text up to the
                     next element or the end of  range  indicated
                     by  index2.   A  text  element does not span
                     newlines.  A multi-line block of  text  that
                     contains  no  marks  or tag transitions will
                     still be dumped as a set  of  text  seqments
                     that  each  end with a newline.  The newline
                     is part of the value.

              -window
                     Include information about  embedded  windows
                     in  the dump results.  The value of a window
                     is its Tk pathname, unless  the  window  has
                     not  been created yet.  (It must have a cre-
                     ate script.)  In this case an  empty  string
                     is  returned,  and you must query the window
                     by its index position to get  more  informa-
                     tion.

       pathName edit option ?arg arg ...?
              This  command  controls  the undo mechanism and the
              modified flag.  The exact behavior of  the  command
              depends  on  the  option  argument that follows the
              edit argument.  The following forms of the  command
              are currently supported:

              pathName edit modified ?boolean?
                     If  boolean  is  not  specified, returns the
                     modified flag of  the  widget.  The  insert,
                     delete,  edit undo and edit redo commands or
                     the user can set or clear the modified flag.
                     If  boolean  is specified, sets the modified
                     flag of the widget to boolean.

              pathName edit redo
                     When the -undo option is true, reapplies the
                     last  undone  edits  provided no other edits
                     were done since  then.  Generates  an  error
                     when  the redo stack is empty.  Does nothing
                     when the -undo option is false.

              pathName edit reset
                     Clears the undo and redo stacks.

              pathName edit separator
                     Inserts a separator (boundary) on  the  undo
                     stack. Does nothing when the -undo option is
                     false.

              pathName edit undo
                     Undoes the last edit action when  the  -undo
                     option  is  true.  An edit action is defined
                     as all the insert and delete  commands  that
                     are  recorded  on  the undo stack in between
                     two separators. Generates an error when  the
                     undo  stack is empty.  Does nothing when the
                     -undo option is false.

       pathName get index1 ?index2 ...?
              Return a range of characters from  the  text.   The
              return value will be all the characters in the text
              starting with the one whose  index  is  index1  and
              ending  just  before  the one whose index is index2
              (the character at index2 will not be returned).  If
              index2  is  omitted  then  the  single character at
              index1 is returned.  If there are no characters  in
              the specified range (e.g. index1 is past the end of
              the file or index2 is less than or equal to index1)
              then an empty string is returned.  If the specified
              range contains  embedded  windows,  no  information
              about  them is included in the returned string.  If
              multiple index pairs are given, multiple ranges  of
              text  will  be  returned in a list.  Invalid ranges
              will not be represented with empty strings  in  the
              list.   The ranges are returned in the order passed
              to get.

       pathName image option ?arg arg ...?
              This command is used to manipulate embedded images.
              The  behavior  of the command depends on the option
              argument that follows the tag argument.   The  fol-
              lowing  forms  of  the  command  are currently sup-
              ported:

              pathName image cget index option
                     Returns the value of a configuration  option
                     for an embedded image.  Index identifies the
                     embedded image, and option specifies a  par-
                     ticular  configuration option, which must be
                     one of the ones listed in the section EMBED-
                     DED IMAGES.

              pathName image configure index ?option value ...?
                     Query  or  modify  the configuration options
                     for an embedded  image.   If  no  option  is
                     specified,  returns a list describing all of
                     the available options for the embedded image
                     at  index (see Tk_ConfigureInfo for informa-
                     tion on the format of this list).  If option
                     is specified with no value, then the command
                     returns a  list  describing  the  one  named
                     option  (this  list will be identical to the
                     corresponding sublist of the value  returned
                     if  no option is specified).  If one or more
                     option-value pairs are specified,  then  the
                     command modifies the given option(s) to have
                     the given value(s);  in this case  the  com-
                     mand  returns an empty string.  See EMBEDDED
                     IMAGES for information on the  options  that
                     are supported.

              pathName image create index ?option value ...?
                     This command creates a new image annotation,
                     which will appear in the text at  the  posi-
                     tion   given   by   index.   Any  number  of
                     option-value pairs may be specified to  con-
                     figure  the  annotation.   Returns  a unique
                     identifier that may be used as an  index  to
                     refer  to  this  image.  See EMBEDDED IMAGES
                     for information on the options that are sup-
                     ported,  and a description of the identifier
                     returned.

              pathName image names
                     Returns a list whose elements are the  names
                     of all image instances currently embedded in
                     window.

       pathName index index
              Returns the position corresponding to index in  the
              form  line.char  where  line is the line number and
              char is the character number.  Index may  have  any
              of the forms described under INDICES above.

       pathName insert index chars ?tagList chars tagList ...?
              Inserts  all of the chars arguments just before the
              character at index.  If index refers to the end  of
              the  text  (the  character  after the last newline)
              then the new text is inserted just before the  last
              newline  instead.  If there is a single chars argu-
              ment and no tagList, then the new text will receive
              any  tags  that  are  present on both the character
              before and the character after the insertion point;
              if a tag is present on only one of these characters
              then it will not be applied to the  new  text.   If
              tagList  is specified then it consists of a list of
              tag names;  the new characters will receive all  of
              the  tags in this list and no others, regardless of
              the tags present around the  insertion  point.   If
              multiple  chars-tagList argument pairs are present,
              they produce the  same  effect  as  if  a  separate
              insert  widget  command  had  been  issued for each
              pair, in order.  The last tagList argument  may  be
              omitted.

       pathName mark option ?arg arg ...?
              This  command  is  used  to  manipulate marks.  The
              exact behavior of the command depends on the option
              argument  that follows the mark argument.  The fol-
              lowing forms of  the  command  are  currently  sup-
              ported:

              pathName mark gravity markName ?direction?
                     If  direction is not specified, returns left
                     or right to indicate which of  its  adjacent
                     characters  markName  is  attached  to.   If
                     direction is specified, it must be  left  or
                     right; the gravity of markName is set to the
                     given value.

              pathName mark names
                     Returns a list whose elements are the  names
                     of all the marks that are currently set.

              pathName mark next index
                     Returns  the  name  of  the  next mark at or
                     after  index.   If  index  is  specified  in
                     numerical form, then the search for the next
                     mark begins at that index.  If index is  the
                     name of a mark, then the search for the next
                     mark begins  immediately  after  that  mark.
                     This  can  still  return  a mark at the same
                     position if there are multiple marks at  the
                     same  index.   These semantics mean that the
                     mark next operation  can  be  used  to  step
                     through  all  the  marks in a text widget in
                     the  same  order  as  the  mark  information
                     returned  by  the dump operation.  If a mark
                     has been set to the special end index,  then
                     it  appears  to be after end with respect to
                     the mark next operation.  An empty string is
                     returned  if there are no marks after index.

              pathName mark previous index
                     Returns the name of the mark  at  or  before
                     index.   If  index is specified in numerical
                     form, then the search for the previous  mark
                     begins  with  the character just before that
                     index.  If index is the name of a mark, then
                     the  search for the next mark begins immedi-
                     ately before  that  mark.   This  can  still
                     return  a mark at the same position if there
                     are multiple marks at the same index.  These
                     semantics mean that the mark previous opera-
                     tion can be used to  step  through  all  the
                     marks  in a text widget in the reverse order
                     as the mark information returned by the dump
                     operation.   An  empty string is returned if
                     there are no marks before index.

              pathName mark set markName index
                     Sets the mark named markName to  a  position
                     just  before  the  character  at  index.  If
                     markName already exists, it  is  moved  from
                     its old position; if it doesn't exist, a new
                     mark is created.  This  command  returns  an
                     empty string.

              pathName  mark  unset  markName  ?markName markName
              ...?
                     Remove the mark corresponding to each of the
                     markName arguments.  The removed marks  will
                     not  be  usable  in  indices and will not be
                     returned by future calls to ``pathName  mark
                     names''.   This  command  returns  an  empty
                     string.

       pathName scan option args
              This command  is  used  to  implement  scanning  on
              texts.  It has two forms, depending on option:

              pathName scan mark x y
                     Records  x and y and the current view in the
                     text window, for  use  in  conjunction  with
                     later  scan dragto commands.  Typically this
                     command is associated with  a  mouse  button
                     press  in  the  widget.  It returns an empty
                     string.

              pathName scan dragto x y
                     This command computes the difference between
                     its  x and y arguments and the x and y argu-
                     ments to the last scan mark command for  the
                     widget.   It  then  adjusts  the  view by 10
                     times the difference in  coordinates.   This
                     command  is  typically associated with mouse
                     motion events in the widget, to produce  the
                     effect  of  dragging  the text at high speed
                     through the window.  The return value is  an
                     empty string.

       pathName search ?switches? pattern index ?stopIndex?
              Searches the text in pathName starting at index for
              a range of characters that matches pattern.   If  a
              match is found, the index of the first character in
              the match is  returned  as  result;   otherwise  an
              empty  string is returned.  One or more of the fol-
              lowing switches (or abbreviations thereof)  may  be
              specified to control the search:

              -forwards
                     The  search will proceed forward through the
                     text,  finding  the  first  matching   range
                     starting  at  or after the position given by
                     index.  This is the default.

              -backwards
                     The search will proceed backward through the
                     text,  finding the matching range closest to
                     index whose first character is before index.

              -exact Use  exact  matching:  the characters in the
                     matching range must be identical to those in
                     pattern.  This is the default.

              -regexp
                     Treat  pattern  as  a regular expression and
                     match it against the text  using  the  rules
                     for regular expressions (see the regexp com-
                     mand for details).

              -nocase
                     Ignore case differences between the  pattern
                     and the text.

              -count varName
                     The argument following -count gives the name
                     of a variable; if a match is found, the num-
                     ber of index positions between beginning and
                     end of the matching range will be stored  in
                     the  variable.   If  there  are  no embedded
                     images or windows  in  the  matching  range,
                     this  is equivalent to the number of charac-
                     ters matched.  In  either  case,  the  range
                     matchIdx  to  matchIdx  +  $count chars will
                     return the entire matched text.

              -elide Find  elidden  (hidden)  text  as  well.  By
                     default only displayed text is searched.

              --     This  switch  has no effect except to termi-
                     nate the list of switches: the next argument
                     will be treated as pattern even if it starts
                     with -.

              The matching range must be entirely within a single
              line  of text.  For regular expression matching the
              newlines are removed from the  ends  of  the  lines
              before  matching:   use  the  $  feature in regular
              expressions to match the end of a line.  For  exact
              matching  the  newlines are retained.  If stopIndex
              is specified, the search stops at that  index:  for
              forward  searches,  no  match at or after stopIndex
              will be  considered;   for  backward  searches,  no
              match  earlier  in  the text than stopIndex will be
              considered.  If stopIndex is  omitted,  the  entire
              text will be searched: when the beginning or end of
              the text is reached, the search  continues  at  the
              other  end  until  the starting location is reached
              again;  if stopIndex is specified,  no  wrap-around
              will occur.

       pathName see index
              Adjusts  the view in the window so that the charac-
              ter given by index is completely visible.  If index
              is  already  visible then the command does nothing.
              If index is a short distance out of view, the  com-
              mand  adjusts  the  view  just enough to make index
              visible at the edge of the window.  If index is far
              out  of view, then the command centers index in the
              window.

       pathName tag option ?arg arg ...?
              This command is used to manipulate tags.  The exact
              behavior of the command depends on the option argu-
              ment that follows the tag argument.  The  following
              forms of the command are currently supported:

              pathName  tag  add  tagName  index1  ?index2 index1
              index2 ...?
                     Associate  the  tag  tagName with all of the
                     characters starting with index1  and  ending
                     just  before index2 (the character at index2
                     isn't tagged).  A single command may contain
                     any  number  of index1-index2 pairs.  If the
                     last index2 is omitted then the single char-
                     acter  at index1 is tagged.  If there are no
                     characters  in  the  specified  range  (e.g.
                     index1 is past the end of the file or index2
                     is less than or equal to  index1)  then  the
                     command has no effect.

              pathName tag bind tagName ?sequence? ?script?
                     This  command associates script with the tag
                     given  by  tagName.   Whenever   the   event
                     sequence  given  by  sequence  occurs  for a
                     character that has been tagged with tagName,
                     the  script  will  be  invoked.  This widget
                     command  is  similar  to  the  bind  command
                     except  that  it operates on characters in a
                     text rather than entire  widgets.   See  the
                     bind  manual  entry  for complete details on
                     the syntax of sequence and the substitutions
                     performed  on script before invoking it.  If
                     all arguments are specified then a new bind-
                     ing is created, replacing any existing bind-
                     ing for the same sequence  and  tagName  (if
                     the  first character of script is ``+'' then
                     script augments an existing  binding  rather
                     than replacing it).  In this case the return
                     value is an  empty  string.   If  script  is
                     omitted  then the command returns the script
                     associated with  tagName  and  sequence  (an
                     error  occurs  if there is no such binding).
                     If both script and sequence are omitted then
                     the  command  returns  a  list  of  all  the
                     sequences  for  which  bindings  have   been
                     defined for tagName.

                     The  only  events  for which bindings may be
                     specified are those related to the mouse and
                     keyboard (such as Enter, Leave, ButtonPress,
                     Motion, and  KeyPress)  or  virtual  events.
                     Event  bindings  for  a  text widget use the
                     current mark described  under  MARKS  above.
                     An  Enter  event triggers for a tag when the
                     tag first becomes  present  on  the  current
                     character,  and a Leave event triggers for a
                     tag when it ceases to be present on the cur-
                     rent  character.  Enter and Leave events can
                     happen either because the current mark moved
                     or  because  the  character at that position
                     changed.  Note that these events are differ-
                     ent than Enter and Leave events for windows.
                     Mouse and keyboard events  are  directed  to
                     the  current  character.  If a virtual event
                     is used in a binding, that binding can trig-
                     ger  only if the virtual event is defined by
                     an  underlying  mouse-related  or  keyboard-
                     related event.

                     It  is possible for the current character to
                     have multiple tags, and for each of them  to
                     have   a  binding  for  a  particular  event
                     sequence.  When this occurs, one binding  is
                     invoked  for each tag, in order from lowest-
                     priority to highest priority.  If there  are
                     multiple matching bindings for a single tag,
                     then the most  specific  binding  is  chosen
                     (see  the  manual entry for the bind command
                     for details).  continue and  break  commands
                     within  binding scripts are processed in the
                     same way as for bindings  created  with  the
                     bind command.

                     If  bindings are created for the widget as a
                     whole using the  bind  command,  then  those
                     bindings  will  supplement the tag bindings.
                     The tag bindings will be invoked first, fol-
                     lowed by bindings for the window as a whole.

              pathName tag cget tagName option
                     This command returns the  current  value  of
                     the  option named option associated with the
                     tag given by tagName.  Option may  have  any
                     of  the values accepted by the tag configure
                     widget command.

              pathName tag  configure  tagName  ?option?  ?value?
              ?option value ...?
                     This command is  similar  to  the  configure
                     widget   command  except  that  it  modifies
                     options associated with  the  tag  given  by
                     tagName instead of modifying options for the
                     overall text widget.  If no option is speci-
                     fied,  the command returns a list describing
                     all of the  available  options  for  tagName
                     (see Tk_ConfigureInfo for information on the
                     format of this list).  If option  is  speci-
                     fied with no value, then the command returns
                     a list describing the one named option (this
                     list  will be identical to the corresponding
                     sublist of the value returned if  no  option
                     is  specified).  If one or more option-value
                     pairs are specified, then the command  modi-
                     fies  the  given option(s) to have the given
                     value(s) in tagName; in this case  the  com-
                     mand  returns  an  empty  string.   See TAGS
                     above for details on the  options  available
                     for tags.

              pathName tag delete tagName ?tagName ...?
                     Deletes  all tag information for each of the
                     tagName arguments.  The command removes  the
                     tags  from  all  characters  in the file and
                     also deletes any other  information  associ-
                     ated  with  the  tags,  such as bindings and
                     display information.  The command returns an
                     empty string.

              pathName tag lower tagName ?belowThis?
                     Changes  the priority of tag tagName so that
                     it is just lower in priority  than  the  tag
                     whose  name  is  belowThis.  If belowThis is
                     omitted, then tagName's priority is  changed
                     to make it lowest priority of all tags.

              pathName tag names ?index?
                     Returns  a list whose elements are the names
                     of all the tags that are active at the char-
                     acter  position given by index.  If index is
                     omitted, then the return value will describe
                     all  of  the  tags  that  exist for the text
                     (this includes all tags that have been named
                     in  a  ``pathName  tag''  widget command but
                     haven't been deleted  by  a  ``pathName  tag
                     delete''  widget command, even if no charac-
                     ters are currently  marked  with  the  tag).
                     The list will be sorted in order from lowest
                     priority to highest priority.

              pathName tag nextrange tagName index1 ?index2?
                     This command searches the text for  a  range
                     of  characters tagged with tagName where the
                     first character of the range is  no  earlier
                     than  the  character  at index1 and no later
                     than the character  just  before  index2  (a
                     range starting at index2 will not be consid-
                     ered).  If several  matching  ranges  exist,
                     the  first  one  is  chosen.   The command's
                     return value is a list containing  two  ele-
                     ments,  which  are  the  index  of the first
                     character of the range and the index of  the
                     character  just  after  the  last one in the
                     range.  If no matching range is  found  then
                     the  return  value  is  an empty string.  If
                     index2 is not given then it defaults to  the
                     end of the text.

              pathName tag prevrange tagName index1 ?index2?
                     This  command  searches the text for a range
                     of characters tagged with tagName where  the
                     first  character  of the range is before the
                     character at index1 and no earlier than  the
                     character  at  index2  (a  range starting at
                     index2  will  be  considered).   If  several
                     matching  ranges  exist,  the one closest to
                     index1  is  chosen.   The  command's  return
                     value  is  a  list  containing two elements,
                     which are the index of the  first  character
                     of  the range and the index of the character
                     just after the last one in the range.  If no
                     matching  range  is  found  then  the return
                     value is an empty string.  If index2 is  not
                     given  then  it defaults to the beginning of
                     the text.

              pathName tag raise tagName ?aboveThis?
                     Changes the priority of tag tagName so  that
                     it  is  just higher in priority than the tag
                     whose name is aboveThis.   If  aboveThis  is
                     omitted,  then tagName's priority is changed
                     to make it highest priority of all tags.

              pathName tag ranges tagName
                     Returns a list describing all of the  ranges
                     of  text that have been tagged with tagName.
                     The first two elements of the list  describe
                     the first tagged range in the text, the next
                     two elements describe the second range,  and
                     so  on.  The first element of each pair con-
                     tains the index of the  first  character  of
                     the  range,  and  the  second element of the
                     pair contains the  index  of  the  character
                     just  after  the  last one in the range.  If
                     there are no characters tagged with tag then
                     an empty string is returned.

              pathName  tag  remove tagName index1 ?index2 index1
              index2 ...?
                     Remove the tag tagName from all of the char-
                     acters starting at index1  and  ending  just
                     before index2 (the character at index2 isn't
                     affected).  A single command may contain any
                     number  of index1-index2 pairs.  If the last
                     index2 is omitted then the single  character
                     at  index1 is tagged.  If there are no char-
                     acters in the specified range  (e.g.  index1
                     is  past  the  end  of the file or index2 is
                     less than or equal to index1) then the  com-
                     mand has no effect.  This command returns an
                     empty string.

       pathName window option ?arg arg ...?
              This command is used to  manipulate  embedded  win-
              dows.   The  behavior of the command depends on the
              option argument that follows the tag argument.  The
              following  forms  of the command are currently sup-
              ported:

              pathName window cget index option
                     Returns the value of a configuration  option
                     for  an  embedded  window.  Index identifies
                     the embedded window, and option specifies  a
                     particular  configuration option, which must
                     be one of the ones  listed  in  the  section
                     EMBEDDED WINDOWS.

              pathName  window configure index ?option value ...?
                     Query  or  modify  the configuration options
                     for an embedded window.   If  no  option  is
                     specified,  returns a list describing all of
                     the available options for the embedded  win-
                     dow   at  index  (see  Tk_ConfigureInfo  for
                     information on the format of this list).  If
                     option  is specified with no value, then the
                     command returns a list  describing  the  one
                     named option (this list will be identical to
                     the  corresponding  sublist  of  the   value
                     returned if no option is specified).  If one
                     or more option-value  pairs  are  specified,
                     then   the   command   modifies   the  given
                     option(s) to have the  given  value(s);   in
                     this  case  the  command  returns  an  empty
                     string.  See EMBEDDED WINDOWS  for  informa-
                     tion on the options that are supported.

              pathName window create index ?option value ...?
                     This  command  creates  a new window annota-
                     tion, which will appear in the text  at  the
                     position  given  by  index.   Any  number of
                     option-value pairs may be specified to  con-
                     figure the annotation.  See EMBEDDED WINDOWS
                     for information  on  the  options  that  are
                     supported.  Returns an empty string.

              pathName window names
                     Returns  a list whose elements are the names
                     of all windows currently embedded in window.

       pathName xview option args
              This  command is used to query and change the hori-
              zontal position of the text in the widget's window.
              It can take any of the following forms:

              pathName xview
                     Returns  a  list  containing  two  elements.
                     Each element is a real  fraction  between  0
                     and  1;   together they describe the portion
                     of the document's horizontal  span  that  is
                     visible  in the window.  For example, if the
                     first element is .2 and the  second  element
                     is  .6, 20% of the text is off-screen to the
                     left, the middle 40% is visible in the  win-
                     dow,  and  40%  of the text is off-screen to
                     the right.  The fractions refer only to  the
                     lines  that are actually visible in the win-
                     dow:  if the lines in  the  window  are  all
                     very  short, so that they are entirely visi-
                     ble, the returned fractions will be 0 and 1,
                     even  if  there  are other lines in the text
                     that are much wider than the window.   These
                     are the same values passed to scrollbars via
                     the -xscrollcommand option.

              pathName xview moveto fraction
                     Adjusts the view in the window so that frac-
                     tion  of  the horizontal span of the text is
                     off-screen to the left.  Fraction is a frac-
                     tion between 0 and 1.

              pathName xview scroll number what
                     This  command  shifts the view in the window
                     left or right according to number and  what.
                     Number  must  be  an  integer.  What must be
                     either units or pages or an abbreviation  of
                     one  of  these.   If what is units, the view
                     adjusts left or  right  by  number  average-
                     width  characters  on the display;  if it is
                     pages  then  the  view  adjusts  by   number
                     screenfuls.   If  number  is  negative  then
                     characters farther to the left become  visi-
                     ble;  if it is positive then characters far-
                     ther to the right become visible.

       pathName yview ?args?
              This command is used to query and change the verti-
              cal  position  of  the text in the widget's window.
              It can take any of the following forms:

              pathName yview
                     Returns a list containing two elements, both
                     of which are real fractions between 0 and 1.
                     The first element gives the position of  the
                     first  character in the top line in the win-
                     dow, relative to the text as  a  whole  (0.5
                     means  it  is  halfway through the text, for
                     example).   The  second  element  gives  the
                     position  of  the  character  just after the
                     last one in the bottom line of  the  window,
                     relative  to the text as a whole.  These are
                     the same values passed to scrollbars via the
                     -yscrollcommand option.

              pathName yview moveto fraction
                     Adjusts  the  view in the window so that the
                     character given by fraction appears  on  the
                     top line of the window.  Fraction is a frac-
                     tion between 0 and 1;  0 indicates the first
                     character  in  the  text, 0.33 indicates the
                     character  one-third  the  way  through  the
                     text, and so on.

              pathName yview scroll number what
                     This  command  adjust the view in the window
                     up or down according  to  number  and  what.
                     Number  must  be  an  integer.  What must be
                     either units or pages.  If  what  is  units,
                     the  view adjusts up or down by number lines
                     on the display;  if it  is  pages  then  the
                     view  adjusts by number screenfuls.  If num-
                     ber is negative then  earlier  positions  in
                     the  text become visible;  if it is positive
                     then later positions in the text become vis-
                     ible.

              pathName yview ?-pickplace? index
                     Changes  the  view in the widget's window to
                     make  index  visible.   If  the   -pickplace
                     option   isn't  specified  then  index  will
                     appear at the top of the window.  If  -pick-
                     place  is  specified then the widget chooses
                     where index appears in the window:

                      [1]    If index is  already  visible  some-
                             where in the window then the command
                             does nothing.

                      [2]    If index is only a  few  lines  off-
                             screen above the window then it will
                             be positioned at the top of the win-
                             dow.

                      [3]    If  index  is  only a few lines off-
                             screen below the window then it will
                             be  positioned  at the bottom of the
                             window.

                      [4]    Otherwise, index will be centered in
                             the window.

                     The  -pickplace option has been obsoleted by
                     the see widget command (see handles both  x-
                     and  y-motion  to  make  a location visible,
                     whereas -pickplace only  handles  motion  in
                     y).

              pathName yview number
                     This  command  makes  the first character on
                     the line after the one given by number visi-
                     ble  at  the top of the window.  Number must
                     be an integer.  This command used to be used
                     for scrolling, but now it is obsolete.


BINDINGS
       Tk  automatically  creates  class  bindings for texts that
       give them the following default behavior.  In the descrip-
       tions  below,  ``word''  is  dependent on the value of the
       tcl_wordchars variable.  See tclvars(n).

       [1]    Clicking mouse button  1  positions  the  insertion
              cursor  just  before  the  character underneath the
              mouse cursor, sets the input focus to this  widget,
              and  clears  any selection in the widget.  Dragging
              with mouse button 1 strokes out a selection between
              the  insertion  cursor  and the character under the
              mouse.

       [2]    Double-clicking with mouse  button  1  selects  the
              word  under  the  mouse and positions the insertion
              cursor at the end of the word.   Dragging  after  a
              double click will stroke out a selection consisting
              of whole words.

       [3]    Triple-clicking with mouse  button  1  selects  the
              line  under  the  mouse and positions the insertion
              cursor at the end of the line.   Dragging  after  a
              triple click will stroke out a selection consisting
              of whole lines.

       [4]    The ends of the selection can be adjusted by  drag-
              ging  with  mouse  button  1 while the Shift key is
              down;  this will adjust the end  of  the  selection
              that  was nearest to the mouse cursor when button 1
              was  pressed.   If  the  button  is  double-clicked
              before dragging then the selection will be adjusted
              in units of whole words;  if it  is  triple-clicked
              then  the  selection  will  be adjusted in units of
              whole lines.

       [5]    Clicking mouse button 1 with the Control  key  down
              will   reposition   the  insertion  cursor  without
              affecting the selection.

       [6]    If any normal printing characters are  typed,  they
              are  inserted at the point of the insertion cursor.

       [7]    The view in the widget can be adjusted by  dragging
              with  mouse button 2.  If mouse button 2 is clicked
              without moving the mouse, the selection  is  copied
              into  the text at the position of the mouse cursor.
              The Insert key also inserts the selection,  but  at
              the position of the insertion cursor.

       [8]    If  the  mouse  is  dragged out of the widget while
              button 1 is pressed, the entry  will  automatically
              scroll  to make more text visible (if there is more
              text off-screen on the side where  the  mouse  left
              the window).

       [9]    The  Left  and Right keys move the insertion cursor
              one character to the  left  or  right;   they  also
              clear  any selection in the text.  If Left or Right
              is typed with the Shift key down, then  the  inser-
              tion  cursor moves and the selection is extended to
              include the new character.  Control-Left  and  Con-
              trol-Right  move the insertion cursor by words, and
              Control-Shift-Left and Control-Shift-Right move the
              insertion  cursor  by  words  and  also  extend the
              selection.  Control-b and Control-f behave the same
              as Left and Right, respectively.  Meta-b and Meta-f
              behave the same as Control-Left and  Control-Right,
              respectively.

       [10]   The  Up and Down keys move the insertion cursor one
              line up or down and  clear  any  selection  in  the
              text.   If  Up or Right is typed with the Shift key
              down, then  the  insertion  cursor  moves  and  the
              selection is extended to include the new character.
              Control-Up and Control-Down move the insertion cur-
              sor  by  paragraphs  (groups  of lines separated by
              blank lines),  and  Control-Shift-Up  and  Control-
              Shift-Down  move the insertion cursor by paragraphs
              and also extend the selection.  Control-p and  Con-
              trol-n  behave  the  same  as  Up and Down, respec-
              tively.

       [11]   The Next and Prior keys move the  insertion  cursor
              forward or backwards by one screenful and clear any
              selection in the text.  If the Shift  key  is  held
              down  while Next or Prior is typed, then the selec-
              tion is extended  to  include  the  new  character.
              Control-v moves the view down one screenful without
              moving the insertion cursor or adjusting the selec-
              tion.

       [12]   Control-Next  and  Control-Prior  scroll  the  view
              right or left by one page without moving the inser-
              tion cursor or affecting the selection.

       [13]   Home and Control-a move the insertion cursor to the
              beginning of its line and clear  any  selection  in
              the  widget.  Shift-Home moves the insertion cursor
              to the beginning of the line and also  extends  the
              selection to that point.

       [14]   End  and Control-e move the insertion cursor to the
              end of the line and clear any selection in the wid-
              get.   Shift-End moves the cursor to the end of the
              line and extends the selection to that point.

       [15]   Control-Home and Meta-< move the  insertion  cursor
              to  the  beginning of the text and clear any selec-
              tion in the widget.  Control-Shift-Home  moves  the
              insertion  cursor  to the beginning of the text and
              also extends the selection to that point.

       [16]   Control-End and Meta-> move the insertion cursor to
              the  end of the text and clear any selection in the
              widget.  Control-Shift-End moves the cursor to  the
              end  of  the text and extends the selection to that
              point.

       [17]   The Select key and Control-Space set the  selection
              anchor  to  the  position  of the insertion cursor.
              They don't affect the  current  selection.   Shift-
              Select and Control-Shift-Space adjust the selection
              to the current position of  the  insertion  cursor,
              selecting  from  the anchor to the insertion cursor
              if there was not any selection previously.

       [18]   Control-/ selects the entire contents of  the  wid-
              get.

       [19]   Control-\ clears any selection in the widget.

       [20]   The   F16   key   (labelled   Copy   on   many  Sun
              workstations) or Meta-w copies the selection in the
              widget  to  the clipboard, if there is a selection.
              This  action  is  carried  out   by   the   command
              tk_textCopy.

       [21]   The F20 key (labelled Cut on many Sun workstations)
              or Control-w copies the selection in the widget  to
              the  clipboard  and  deletes  the  selection.  This
              action is carried out by  the  command  tk_textCut.
              If  there  is no selection in the widget then these
              keys have no effect.

       [22]   The F18 key (labelled Paste on  many  Sun  worksta-
              tions)  or  Control-y  inserts  the contents of the
              clipboard at the position of the insertion  cursor.
              This   action   is   carried  out  by  the  command
              tk_textPaste.

       [23]   The Delete key deletes the selection, if  there  is
              one  in  the  widget.  If there is no selection, it
              deletes the character to the right of the insertion
              cursor.

       [24]   Backspace  and  Control-h  delete the selection, if
              there is one in the widget.  If there is no  selec-
              tion,  they delete the character to the left of the
              insertion cursor.

       [25]   Control-d deletes the character to the right of the
              insertion cursor.

       [26]   Meta-d  deletes the word to the right of the inser-
              tion cursor.

       [27]   Control-k deletes from the insertion cursor to  the
              end of its line; if the insertion cursor is already
              at the end of a line, then  Control-k  deletes  the
              newline character.

       [28]   Control-o  opens  a new line by inserting a newline
              character in front of the insertion cursor  without
              moving the insertion cursor.

       [29]   Meta-backspace  and  Meta-Delete delete the word to
              the left of the insertion cursor.

       [30]   Control-x deletes whatever is selected in the  text
              widget.

       [31]   Control-t  reverses the order of the two characters
              to the right of the insertion cursor.

       [32]   Control-z  (and  Control-underscore  on  UNIX  when
              tk_strictMotif is true) undoes the last edit action
              if the -undo option is true.  Does  nothing  other-
              wise.

       [33]   Control-Z  (or  Control-y on Windows) reapplies the
              last undone edit action  if  the  -undo  option  is
              true. Does nothing otherwise.

       If  the  widget  is disabled using the -state option, then
       its view can still be  adjusted  and  text  can  still  be
       selected, but no insertion cursor will be displayed and no
       text modifications will take place.

       The behavior of texts can be changed by defining new bind-
       ings  for  individual  widgets  or by redefining the class
       bindings.


PERFORMANCE ISSUES
       Text widgets should run efficiently  under  a  variety  of
       conditions.   The text widget uses about 2-3 bytes of main
       memory for each  byte  of  text,  so  texts  containing  a
       megabyte or more should be practical on most workstations.
       Text is represented  internally  with  a  modified  B-tree
       structure  that makes operations relatively efficient even
       with large texts.  Tags are included in the B-tree  struc-
       ture  in  a  way  that allows tags to span large ranges or
       have many disjoint smaller ranges without  loss  of  effi-
       ciency.   Marks  are also implemented in a way that allows
       large numbers of marks.  In most cases it is fine to  have
       large  numbers of unique tags, or a tag that has many dis-
       tinct ranges.

       One performance problem can arise if you have hundreds  or
       thousands  of  different  tags that all have the following
       characteristics: the first and last ranges of each tag are
       near the beginning and end of the text, respectively, or a
       single tag range covers most of the text widget.  The cost
       of  adding  and deleting tags like this is proportional to
       the number of other tags with  the  same  properties.   In
       contrast,  there  is  no  problem with having thousands of
       distinct tags if their overall ranges  are  localized  and
       spread uniformly throughout the text.

       Very  long text lines can be expensive, especially if they
       have many marks and tags within them.

       The display line with the insert cursor  is  redrawn  each
       time  the  cursor  blinks, which causes a steady stream of
       graphics traffic.  Set the insertOffTime  attribute  to  0
       avoid this.

KEYWORDS
