XFree Local Multi-User HOWTO

Svetoslav Slavtchev

<svetoslav (at) users.sourcefourge.net>

Sep 2003
Revision History                                                             
Revision 1.1.1            2003-09-04            Revised by: SS               
update email, add "Known Limitations" & some info on : bug-reporting, X      
-probeonly, XFree PrefBusId version 2                                        
Revision 1.1.0            2003-07-14            Revised by: SS               
sync input agent with examples, a bit more about ruby, less Fix-Me's,        
additions to video compatibility                                             
Revision 1.0              2003-05-13            Revised by: TP               
Initial release, reviewed by LDP.                                            


 This HOWTO explains the shortest way to get a working, multiple, local X
user-capable PC system. It is not intended to be a replacement of the
existing documentation on the Backstreet Ruby home page, which you'll
probably need to consult for more detailed information in case of problems.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Table of Contents
1. Introduction
    1.1. About Backstreet Ruby
    1.2. About this document
    1.3. Related Documentation
    1.4. New versions of this document
    1.5. Copyright and License
    1.6. Disclaimer
    1.7. Credits/Contributors
    1.8. Feedback/Bug Reporting
   
   
2. Before we begin
    2.1. Known Limitations
    2.2. XFree configuration files
    2.3. Reusing Xinerama configured XFree
    2.4. Binary packages
   
   
3. Installing the kernel
    3.1. Installing the Backstreet Ruby kernel
    3.2. Notes on building your own kernel
    3.3. Creating needed device files
    3.4. Notes on using multiple VT's
    3.5. Keyboard numbering(order of detection)
   
   
4. Setting up the X servers
    4.1. Installing modified X server
    4.2. Creating symbolic links
    4.3. Using independent keyboards with XFree
    4.4. Using independent mice with XFree
    4.5. For graphic cards without DRI
    4.6. Nvidia GLX & DRI
   
   
5. More on configuring input devices
    5.1. Finding the real devices
    5.2. Using hotplug with input.agent
    5.3. Using XFree with event interface support
    5.4. Using the "Phys" descriptor and USB devices
   
   
6. Configuring display managers
    6.1. Configuring xdm and kdm
    6.2. Configuring gdm
   
   
7. Tweaking it
    7.1. Using independent sound cards
    7.2. Customising the login screen
    7.3. 1st X server configuration file
    7.4. Number X servers started by Display managers
    7.5. Dynamically switching the number of X servers
   
   
8. Known problems
    8.1. Hardware problems
    8.2. Software problems
   
   
9. Special notes on some distributions
    9.1. Mandrake
    9.2. Red Hat
    9.3. Debian
    9.4. SuSE
   
   
10. Final words
A. Video Compatibility list
    A.1. Graphic card pairs/triples that work perfectly
    A.2. Graphic card pairs/triples that work, but with some glitches
   
   
B. Example configuration files
    B.1. XFree86
    B.2. Display managers
    B.3. Configuration files for Input Agent
   
   
C. Scripts
    C.1. input.agent
    C.2. input.agent for use with XFree supporting event devices
    C.3. Wrapper for starting X using Nvidia libGL.so
    C.4. For installing Nvidia drivers for parallel use with DRI
   
   

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Chapter 1. Introduction

1.1. About Backstreet Ruby

Backstreet Ruby is a kernel patch for the Linux kernel. It is a back port to
linux-2.4 of the Ruby kernel tree, which is developed by the Linux Console
Project. The aim of the Linux Console developers is to enhance and reorganise
the input, the console and the framebuffer subsystems in the Linux kernel, so
they can work independent from each other and to allow multi-desktop
operation. All this is done in the Ruby kernel tree which is based on the
development linux-2.5 kernel. The new Input subsystem and the new Framebuffer
layer are already integrated in linux-2.5 kernel, but as the main developer
of the Linux Console Project, James Simmons, is too busy with completing the
rewrite of the framebuffer layer in linux-2.5, the multi-desktop operation
will not be integrated in the next stable Linux kernel (linux-2.6).

So Backstreet Ruby brings to the current stable Linux kernel (linux-2.4) the
enhanced input subsystem and the ability to use multiple graphic cards and
multiple keyboards independently, in order to make multiple local XFree users
on a single PC system possible.

You can have multiple independent graphic cards and multiple independent
mouses, but in order for multiple users to interact with the system, they do
need independent keyboards as well. Multiple independent keyboards is the
feature that linux-2.4 (and in the future linux-2.6) lacks, and this is what
Backstreet Ruby adds to the stable Linux kernel linux-2.4.

The entire work on back porting Ruby to linux-2.4 is done by Aivils Stoss. <
Aivils.Stoss (at) unibanka.lv>

Visit his web site for more information on the patch itself, on the current
status, how to build a kernel using his patch or how to build modified
XFree86 server.

You can find it here:[http://startx.times.lv/] http://startx.times.lv

There are also several mirrors

 1. in the United States:
   
    [http://people.debian.org/~andreas/aivils/] http://people.debian.org/
    ~andreas/aivils/
   
 2. in Germany:
   
    [http://www.schuldei.org/aivils/] http://www.schuldei.org/aivils/
   
    [http://rfhs8012.fh-regensburg.de/~sls35340/aivils/] http://
    rfhs8012.fh-regensburg.de/~sls35340/aivils/
   
 3. in the United Kingdom:
   
    [http://varna.demon.co.uk/~svetlio/aivils/] http://varna.demon.co.uk/
    ~svetlio/aivils/
   

The address of the Linux Console Project is: [http://linuxconsole.sf.net]
http://linuxconsole.sf.net

"Why not just use ruby instead?" Well as I already mentioned, the main
developer James Simmons is pretty busy with the framebuffer layer and
drivers, so currently there is not much done in the ruby kernel tree(in the
last 4 months there was no a single commit to cvs or bk, and the original
ruby is currently against linux-2.5.59 -- acording to www.kernel.org current
linus kernel is 2.5.73-bk1). But Aivils releases from time to time an updated
ruby snapshot, so if you feel experimental you might want to check his site
for a 2.5 patch.

" What are the advantages/disadvantages of the 2.4 against the 2.5 patch"

  * Well the 2.4 linux kernel is really stable and most of the distributions
    are build on it, the 2.5 kernel is still in development and to my
    knowledge there is no distribution which supports 2.5 "out of the box".
   
  * The 2.4 patch is more tested/used so there should be less bugs(AFAIK
    there are no bugs added by the patch itself), but the 2.4 patch do not
    support framebuffers.
   
  * The 2.5 patch supports framebuffers(thougth framebuffer console is not
    yet implemented) so you could use a single dual-headed card which
    registers 2 framebuffers for 2 users/ X sessions, but the 2.5 patch is
    not really tested and may have a lot of bugs, the 2.5 kernel itself is
    not very stable.
   
  * And if you use the framebuffer driver of XFree with such a card (for
    example Matrox G550 DH) two get 2 X sessions on a single graphic card,
    you loose a lot of features as the XFree framebuffer driver do not
    support acceleration, DRI, XVideo extentions ....
   

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
1.2. About this document

This document explains how to configure your system for multiple local XFree
users using the enchanted console/input subsystem in the Backstreet Ruby
kernel .

Note Currently it is not possible to set up systems for multiple console     
     users.                                                                  

There are two ways of setting up multiple local XFree users:

 1. Modify the kernel to ignore input from USB keyboards and add the handling
    of USB keyboards to a modified Xserver. This solution was developed by
    Miguel Freitas. Visit his page on the topic at [http://
    cambuca.ldhs.cetuc.puc-rio.br/multiuser/] http://
    cambuca.ldhs.cetuc.puc-rio.br/multiuser/, for instructions on how to set
    up such a system.
   
 2. Use the Backstreet Ruby kernel which supports independent keyboards.
   

I'll concentrate on configuring a system for multiple local XFree users using
the Backstreet Ruby kernel, but there are parts which can be used also on a
system using the solution from Miguel Freitas.

Note Every ocurance of Backstreet ruby should be replacable with the original
     Ruby in sense that everything explained here, should work the same way  
     with Ruby (if not mentioned oderwise). When Ruby becomes more stable and
     finished I'll add some more information about it, but this probably     
     won't happen before linux-2.6 becomes reality.                          

Note this document is not intended to be a replacement of the existing
documentation on the Backstreet Ruby home page ([http://startx.times.lv/]
http://startx.times.lv), but rather, this is a smaller HOWTO, explaining the
way to a working X multi-user PC system. If you encounter any problems you'll
probably need to consult the more detailed information there.

The document is based on the file system layout of the Mandrake-Linux
distribution, but I tried to make it distribution-independent by including
information about the differences to other mainstream distributions like
Debian, Red Hat and SuSE Linux.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

1.3. Related Documentation

  * The Linux Console Project
   
    [http://linuxconsole.sourceforge.net] http://linuxconsole.sourceforge.net
   
  * The Backstreet Ruby home page
   
    [http://startx.times.lv/] http://startx.times.lv/
   
  * XFree with support for the new input layer by Zephaniah Hull
   
    [http://people.debian.org/~warp/evdev/] http://people.debian.org/~warp/
    evdev/
   
  * Miguel Freitas' page on multiple local XFree users
   
    [http://cambuca.ldhs.cetuc.puc-rio.br/multiuser/] http://
    cambuca.ldhs.cetuc.puc-rio.br/multiuser/
   
  * Russian multi-terminal project Gorinich
   
    [http://www.ctc.msiu.ru/zg/main.html] http://www.ctc.msiu.ru/zg/main.html
   
  * Step by step instructions by Jean-Daniel Pauget
   
    [http://disjunkt.com/dualhead/] http://disjunkt.com/dualhead/
   
  * Multi-seat XFree solution under Linux with framebuffers, by Frode Trydal
   
    [http://www.itsopen.net/projects/x-hack/] http://www.itsopen.net/projects
    /x-hack/
   

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
1.4. New versions of this document

You can find the latest stable version of this How-To at The Linux
Documentation Project web site:

[http://tldp.org/HOWTO/XFree-Local-multi-user-HOWTO/index.html] http://
tldp.org/HOWTO/XFree-Local-multi-user-HOWTO/

and the latest unstable version :

[http://varna.demon.co.uk/~svetlio/ruby-contrib/how-to/
XFree_local_multi-user-HOWTO/] http://varna.demon.co.uk/~svetlio/ruby-contrib
/how-to/XFree_local_multi-user-HOWTO/
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

1.5. Copyright and License

  This document, XFree_local_multi-user-HOWTO, is copyrighted (c) 2003 by 
Svetoslav Slavtchev.

  Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under
the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.1 or any later
version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
Sections, with no Front-Cover Texts, and with no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of
the license is available at [http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html]   http://
www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html.

  Linux is a registered trademark of Linus Torvalds.

  NVIDIA is a registered trademark of NVIDIA Corporation.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

1.6. Disclaimer

  No liability for the contents of this document can be accepted. Use the
concepts, examples and information at your own risk. There may be errors and
inaccuracies, that could be damaging to your system. Proceed with caution,
and although this is highly unlikely, the author(s) do not take any
responsibility.

  All copyrights are held by their by their respective owners, unless
specifically noted otherwise. Use of a term in this document should not be
regarded as affecting the validity of any trademark or service mark. Naming
of particular products or brands should not be seen as endorsements.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

1.7. Credits/Contributors

  In this document, I have the pleasure of acknowledging:

  * James Simmons <jsimmons (at) transvirtual.com >
   
    for working so hard on Linux console project, for developing the new
    framebuffer, VT/console subsystem
   
  * Vojtech Pavlik<vojtech (at) suse.cz>
   
    for rewriting the input subsystem and working hard on the Linux console
    project
   
  * Aivils Stoss <Aivils.Stoss (at) unibanka.lv>
   
    for back porting Ruby to linux-2.4 and providing his back port and
    experiences to the world
   
  * Andreas Schuldei <andreas (at) schuldei.org>
   
    for providing Debian packages, comments about Debian
   

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
1.8. Feedback/Bug Reporting

Feedback is most certainly welcome for this document. Send your additions,
comments and criticisms to the following email address : <svetoslav (at)
users.sourcefourge.net>.

In case you experiance troubles in configuring the system, feel free to
contact me or the linuxcosnole mailing list.

Please send as much details as possible, the most important information would
be (from a running Backstreet Ruby kernel):

  * output from dmesg
   
  * output from lsmod
   
  * output from cat /proc/bus/console/*/*
   
  * contents of /proc/bus/input/devices
   
  * contents of /proc/bus/usb/devices
   
  * contents of the XFree86 log files /var/log/XFree86.[n].log
   

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Chapter 2. Before we begin

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
2.1. Known Limitations

XFree do not support DRI acceleration on multiple graphic cards, the only way
to use accelrated XFree is to use Nvidia's closed source driver and GLlibrary
or a single card using DRI and multiple cards useing Nvidia's closed source
drivers. XFree extensions not dependand on DRI should work.

Most of the multiheaded graphic cards can be used only for a single user/
display. In order to start independant X servers the heads have to be
explicit addressable (which can not be done with most of the cards). It
should be possible to use cards with explicit addressable heads for
independent displays, but this is not yet tested.

In the following cases it might be possible to use a single multiheaded card
for mupliple independant displays :

  * The card(s) have different PCI Bus ID's for the different heads
   
    (for example Matrox MMS G200/G450)
   
  * The card(s) register frame buffer device for each head (only with the
    linux-2.5/2.6 patch)
   
    Have in mind that the XFree frame buffer driver does not support
    acceleration and most of the XFree extentions.
   
    (for example Matrox G400DH, G450DH, G550DH)
   

Using/configuring independent devices for the independent screens/users is
pretty hard or not explored, exceptions are the input devices, graphic cards
and sound thanks artsd. Some examples of such unexplored areas:

  * External storage device (USB/Firewire harddisks, CD/DVD drives, ZIP/
    Floppy drives, memmory stics, ....
   
  * USB/Firewire printers, scanners, cameras ...
   

In case you succeed in configuring such devices for independent usage by
multiple users, please share with us how you did it.

Note This doesn't mean that the devices wont work, but that every user will  
     have access to all devices.                                             
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

2.2. XFree configuration files

You should configure each of your video cards to work properly with a single
X server, which is actually beyond the scope of this document. You should
refer to the documentation that came with your distribution, but some general
hints couldn't hurt.

The easiest way would be to use the same kind of monitors & video cards, you
could then configure only the first card/monitor pair, make copies of this
configuration file for the number of video cards you have, and then only
adjust the BusID "PCI:x:xx:x" field in the configuration file. You can do
this with the help of lspci, XFree86 -scanpci -verbose , or other similar
distribution-specific tools.

You could use a similar approach if you have only monitors or video cards of
the same type.

Most modern distributions also have advanced tools for easier configuration
of Xinerama. You can use these tools to set up the system for Xinerama and
then use this configuration file for generating the configuration files for
the different X servers. You can use an example configuration file, replacing
video card and monitor section, by the corresponding sections from the
Xinerama XFConfig-4 file.

Other useful resources:

  * [http://www.tldp.org/HOWTO/XFree86-HOWTO/index.html] The Linux XFree86
    HOWTO
   
  * [http://www.tldp.org/HOWTO/XFree86-Video-Timings-HOWTO/index.html]
    XFree86 Video Timings HOWTO
   
  * [http://www.tldp.org/HOWTO/XWindow-Overview-HOWTO/index.html] X Window
    System Architecture Overview HOWTO
   
  * [http://www.tldp.org/HOWTO/XWindow-User-HOWTO/index.html] The X Window
    User HOWTO
   

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
2.3. Reusing Xinerama configured XFree

If you have a system configured for Xinerama, you can easily adjust the XFree
configuration file so you can use it for multiple users.

This will allow you to easily switch between a multi-user environment and a
Xinerama multi-monitor environment.

What is Xinerama and how does the system configured using this HOWTO differ
from a system using the Xinerama extensions in XFree?

The Xinerama extensions were introduced to the XFree86 system in version 4.0.
Xinerama is an extension to XFree86 Release 6 Version 4.0 (X4.0) which allows
applications and window managers to use the two (or more) physical displays
as one large virtual display. In case Xinerama is not used, applications can
only reside on one of the displays and can not be moved between the two.
Window managers had to be specially written to support the two displays. With
Xinerama, window managers and applications don't have to be specially written
to support the larger "Virtual Desktop" Xinerama creates.

Just the opposite, the primary goal of a system configured according to this
HOWTO is to offer multiple independent displays for several users on a single
PC system.

For more information on Xinerama read:

  * [http://www.tldp.org/HOWTO/Xinerama-HOWTO/index.html] Xinerama-HOWTO,
    Using Xinerama to MultiHead XFree86 v.4.0+
   

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
2.4. Binary packages

Binary rpms of modified XFree servers are currently available for Mandrake
8.2/ 9/ 9.1, Red Hat 8/ 9, SuSE 8.1 and Debian Sid. If you're running other
rpm-based distributions please help me to prepare and rebuild packages, so
other users can get pre-compiled binaries. Currently the binary rpm packages
are not mirrored and are only available from [http://varna.demon.co.uk/
~svetlio/ruby-contrib] http://varna.demon.co.uk/~svetlio/ruby-contrib.

Debian packages are also available thanks to Andreas Schuldei at [http://
www.schuldei.org/debian/bruby] http://www.schuldei.org/debian/bruby, or as
apt repository "deb http://www.schuldei.org/debian/bruby ./ ".
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

Chapter 3. Installing the kernel

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
3.1. Installing the Backstreet Ruby kernel

Now it's time to install the kernel.

The easiest way would be to pull an already prepared binary kernel; there are
packages for some distributions (currently only Mandrake and Debian) or a
source package, and rebuild it on your system.

If for some reason you cannot use them or have problems using them you can
also build your own kernel with the bruby patch, for more information how to
do this visit the Backstreet Ruby page on building and installing the kernel:
[http://startx.times.lv] http://startx.times.lv (or some of the mirrors) ->
Documentation -> Quick Kernel.

(If you are new to Linux, reading "The Linux Kernel HOWTO", [http://tldp.org/
HOWTO/Kernel-HOWTO.html] http://tldp.org/HOWTO/Kernel-HOWTO.html, could be
very helpful.)

You can find binary kernel package for Mandrake-9.1 at [http://
varna.demon.co.uk/~svetlio/ruby-contrib/kernel.html] http://varna.demon.co.uk
/~svetlio/ruby-contrib/kernel.html.

Debian binary kernel packages are available at [http://www.schuldei.org/
debian/bruby] http://www.schuldei.org/debian/bruby, or as apt repository "deb
http://www.schuldei.org/debian/bruby ./ "
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

3.2. Notes on building your own kernel

There are some things I would like to mention, although I won't go in
details, as the Backstreet Ruby page on compiling the kernel discusses this
topic.

 1. You have to follow this order:
    Input support                                                            
    Virtual Terminal support                                                 
    Console drivers                                                          
                                                                             
   
    for all required options to be available/selectable.
   
 2. You have to use built in input support:
    Input device support --> Input core support                              
    Input device support --> Mouse support                                   
                                                                             
   
 3. I would suggest you also include at least one keyboard (built in - not as
    a module). You can also use modules, but I find it safer to be able to
    use a keyboard instead of trying to find a PC with ssh (or something
    similar) to load the required modules.
   
    For AT/PS2 keyboards, turn on (not modules):
    Input device support --> Serial i/o support                              
    Input device support --> i8042 PC Keyboard controller                    
    Input device support --> Keyboards                                       
    Input device support --> AT keyboard support                             
                                                                             
   
    For a USB keyboard turn on (not modules):
    Input device support --> Keyboards                                       
    USB support --> support for USB                                          
    USB support --> USB driver (probably usb-uhci.o)                         
    USB support --> USB Human Interface Device (full HID) support            
    USB support --> HID input layer support                                  
                                                                             
   
 4. If you are new to Linux, do not try to patch an already patched kernel
    (heavily patched kernels like the ones that ship with most
    distributions). Use a kernel from [http://www.kernel.org] www.kernel.org,
    and take a look at the [http://www.tldp.org/HOWTO/Kernel-HOWTO/] Linux
    Kernel HOWTO.
   

Support for frame buffer devices is not back-ported, and is disabled.

Note As Backstreet Ruby lacks framebuffer support, you will most certainly   
     need separate graphic card for each display. You won't be able to use   
     dual-headed card with single BusID for 2 independent displays, but it   
     might be possible in case the card has different BusId's for the        
     different heads.                                                        
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

3.3. Creating needed device files

If you are not using the devfs file system, you'll have to create several
device files needed for the new input sub-system in the Backstreet Ruby
kernel:
cd /dev                                                                      
mkdir input.old                                                              
mv mouse js? input.old                                                       
mkdir input                                                                  
cd input                                                                     
mknod js0 c 13 0                                                             
mknod js1 c 13 1                                                             
mknod js2 c 13 2                                                             
mknod js3 c 13 3                                                             
mknod mouse0 c 13 32                                                         
mknod mouse1 c 13 33                                                         
mknod mouse2 c 13 34                                                         
mknod mouse3 c 13 35                                                         
mknod mice c 13 63                                                           
mknod event0 c 13 64                                                         
mknod event1 c 13 65                                                         
mknod event2 c 13 66                                                         
mknod event3 c 13 67                                                         
cd ..                                                                        
ln -s input/js0 js0                                                          
ln -s input/js1 js1                                                          
ln -s input/mice mouse                                                       
                                                                             

If you use devfs, all required devices will be created automatically by
devfs.

Mandrake is an example of one distribution that uses devfs. Debian does not
use devfs by default, but the kernel supports devfs; in order to activate
devfs you have to add "devfs=mount" to the "append" line of your boot loader
and install devfsd (the devfs demon). Distributions that do not use devfs are
Red Hat and SuSE.

You can check whether devfs is used by issuing the following commands:

  * To check whether support for devfs is enabled in your kernel
   
    cat /proc/filesystems | grep devfs
   
  * To check whether devfs is used/mounted
   
    mount | grep devfs
   

If you get an empty string this means that devfs is not used; if you get
something like the following output, devfs is activated:
[root@mc contrib]# cat /proc/filesystems | grep devfs                        
nodev   devfs                                                                
nodev   usbdevfs                                                             
[root@mc contrib]# mount | grep devfs                                        
none on /proc/bus/usb type usbdevfs (rw)                                     
none on /dev type devfs (rw)                                                 
[root@mc contrib]#                                                           
                                                                             
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

3.4. Notes on using multiple VT's

As the frame buffer layer is not back-ported to linux-2.4, only the primary
graphic card is initialised during the boot process. Secondary graphic cards
can only be initialised by an X server, so you will have a single VGA text
console on the primary graphic card.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

3.5. Keyboard numbering(order of detection)

In the following chapters you will read about 1st keyboard, 2nd keyboard and
so on, so here I will explain what is meant by n-th keyboard.

When a keyboard device is found, it is bound to a free VT (given that there
are free VT's). The first keyboard found will be bound to VT0 (tty0-tty7),
the second to VT1 (tty8-tty15), the third to VT2 (tty16-tty23).

The order of detecting the keyboards depends on the configuration of your
kernel :

  * If you are using kernel with integrated USB input the USB keyboard
    devices will be registered first, then the AT/PS2 keyboards will follow
    when the modules are loaded
   
  * If you are using kernel with integrated PS2 input the AT/PS2 keyboard
    devices will be registered first, then the USB keyboards will follow when
    the modules are loaded
   
  * If you are using kernel with integrated PS2 & USB input the AT/PS2
    keyboard devices will be registered first, then the USB keyboards will
    follow
   

But there are some caveats:

Most USB keyboards represent themselves as more than one keyboard; it is
common that the multimedia keys or the number-pad identify themselves as a
different keyboard device. So if you are running a kernel with integrated USB
input and have one USB keyboard with multimedia keys and one PS2 keyboard,
the USB keyboard will be bound to VT0(real keyboard) and VT1(multimedia
keys), the PS2 keyboard will be bound to VT2 (in case you have enough DUMB
consoles).

There are several ways to work around these issues. Here I'll explain the
easiest way to follow. It's definitely not the best one, but the shortest
explanation, and I just want to make it clear to you that the problem is not
that big. The Better solutions will follow later in their own section.

All you need to do is to start the Backstreet Ruby kernel with dumbcon=n ,
where n is the sum of your AT/PS2 keyboards plus the sum of your USB
keyboards multiplied by 2 (I suppose this is the maximum number of interfaces
a USB keyboard registers), so all keyboards will be bound to a VT. Now you
should find out which VT's the real keyboards are bound to (the keyboards
excluding the multimedia keys) and start X using the appropriate tty ranges.
Thanks to the proc interface integrated in Backstreet Ruby, you can easily
find the assignment of keyboards to VT's. Each VT creates a file /proc/bus/
console/[n]/keyboard (n is the number of the VT, for VT0 n will be 00, for
VT1 - 01, ... , for VT11 - 11); reading this file will give you the assigned
keyboard.

[root@svetljo root]# cat /proc/bus/console/*/*                               
usb-00:10.1-1.1/input0                                                       
usb-00:10.1-1.1/input1                                                       
isa0060/serio0/input0                                                        
tells us that:

  * USB keyboard (real) is bound to VT0
   
  * USB keyboard (multimedia keys) is bound to VT1
   
  * PS2 keyboard is bound to VT2
   

Now we can start X on the VT's with real keyboards, in this case VT0 and VT2.

Of course in this simple example with only 2 keyboards (one USB and one PS2)
the problem could be easily avoided by using a kernel with primary PS2 input
support. The PS2 keyboard would be found first and bound to VT0, the USB
keyboard would follow and it's real keyboard interface would be bound to VT1,
so there is no need for additional dumb consoles (for the multimedia
interfaces of USB keyboards).
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

Chapter 4. Setting up the X servers

Now its time to configure XFree.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

4.1. Installing modified X server

Note For some video cards you can skip this part. Before installing the      
     modified X server check the Video Compatibility list to determine       
     whether you need one. Currently there are reports for working           
     configurations without using a modified X server for Voodoo Graphics as 
     primary and Voodoo3 or Nvidia TNT2 as secondary.                        

"Why should a modified X server be used?" - The reason is that XFree is
designed to serve a single user and this design requires a single X server to
drive all available graphic cards. So when an unmodified X server starts, it
disables access to graphic cards for other X servers. Hence we have to modify
XFree to make it possible more then one X server to run at the same time.

You probably only need already-built binaries. If there are packages for your
distribution you can install them. If not, you have 3 more possibilities:

 1. Install an already built, but not packaged, modified X server and create
    the necessary symbolic links. You can get such binaries from the
    Backstreet Ruby home page, at [http://startx.times.lv] http://
    startx.times.lv.
   
 2. Help us (as well other people using your distribution) in building an rpm
    for your distribution (we lack systems installed with all available
    distributions, so we are not able to build packages for every
    distribution).
   
 3. To patch and rebuild XFree from source using the instructions at the
    Backstreet Ruby page go to the Documentation section, at [http://
    startx.times.lv] http://startx.times.lv (or some of the mirrors) ->
    Documentation -> Quick XFree.
   

Note that currently there are two different modifications of the X server:

 1. XFree86-4.3 prefbusid (Preferred Bus ID), the new recommended patch/
    binary which recently got updated, but is pending yet another rewrite
    (only new functionality, no bugs :)).
   
    Note This section needs to be rewritten once the rewrite of the new      
         XFree-prefbusid patch is finished.                                  
                                                                             
         For now just an advice: the old XFree patch is obsolated, please use
         the kernel "hackvideo" feature or even better the new prefbusid     
         patch/binaries.                                                     
   
 2. Just the XFree-4.3/ XFree-4.3.patch, which is the older one (in the rpm
    section *server-concurrent.*rpm).
   

The new patch solves major problems for a number of graphic cards. Check the
Video Compatibility list for details.

The older aproach(disabling the pci_disable functions in XFree) can also be
done in kernel space, so the user doesn't need a modified X server, but
rather can use the XFree packages that shipped with his distribution. The
latest bruby patch includes the needed changes to the linux kernel.

To enable this feature you have to add this to your XFree configuration file:
Section "ServerFlags"                                                        
...                                                                          
Option "PciOsConfig" "1"                                                     
 ...                                                                         
EndSection                                                                   
                                                                             

and to inform the kernel to filter unnecessary PCI commands:
[root@mc contrib]#echo  "1"> /proc/bus/pci/hackvideo                         

If you want to disable this functionality you have to:
[root@mc contrib]# echo "0"> /proc/bus/pci/hackvideo                         

Note This addition to Bruby is equal to the old XFree modification, so if    
     your system freezes on restarting the first X server, it is recommended 
     to install the Preferred Bus ID X server.                               
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

4.2. Creating symbolic links

The symbolic links are needed for properly starting several XFree instances,
as well for properly exiting an X session. This applies for both starting X
from console and the automatic starting of X by the display manager (kdm,
gdm, xdm).

You need to create as many symbolic links to the modified X server binary (or
the original X server in case you do not need a modified one), as the number
of your video cards/X sessions.

I assume that you will have to use a modified X server, but in case you do
not need it, use the following commands to create the links to your original
X server:
cd /usr/X11R6/bin/                                                           
ln -s XFree[modified] X0                                                     
ln -s XFree[modified] X1                                                     
ln -s XFree[modified] X2                                                     
                                                                             

In case you use the provided rpm packages, you'll only need this if you want
more than 4 parallel running X servers/X sessions, as the rpm creates 4
symbolic links to the X server binary.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

4.3. Using independent keyboards with XFree

Once you install the Backstreet Ruby kernel and start it with dumbcon=n, you
get n +1 independent consoles (1VGA + n DUMB). If you have enough keyboards
connected to your PC, each of these consoles are associated with a given
keyboard. This enables you to start multiple X servers on each of the
consoles, using the keyboard associated with the corresponding console for
input. Hence you get multiple independent X servers with independent
keyboards, which in turn make it possible for one single PC to be used by
several local X users simultaneously.

To start X on a given console (using a given independent keyboard) you pass
it the argument vt[N], where N is a number from a given tty range.

Under Backstreet Ruby, each console is represented by 8 tty's:

  * VGA: tty0 to tty7
   
  * DUMB1: tty8 to tty15
   
  * DUMB2: tty16 to tty23
   

Note   * For the older(version 1) Preferred Bus ID XFree Server you also have
         to specify the desired graphic card with parameter "-prefbusid x:x:x
         ", where x:x:x is the Bus ID of the desired graphic card.           
                                                                             
           + For AGP cards, something similar to -prefbusid 1:0:0            
                                                                             
           + For PCI cards, something similar to -prefbusid 0:x:0 (x is      
             normally the IRQ number)                                        
                                                                             
                                                                             
       * In the following explanation I will not use this option. If you use 
         the Preferred Bus ID X server just append -prefbusid x:x:x with the 
         correct Bus ID of the card you want to start right before the last  
         argument vt[x] .                                                    
                                                                             
                                                                             

Note In case you are using the latest(version 2) prefbusid patch/ binary you 
     may omit the -prefbusid x:x:x argument when starting X, but you have to 
     specify the correct settings in the XFree configuration file(s).        
                                                                             
     An example:                                                             
     Section "ServerLayout"                                                  
             Identifier     "X0"                                             
             Screen      0  "Screen0" 0 0                                    
             InputDevice    "Mouse0" "CorePointer"                           
             InputDevice    "Keyboard0" "CoreKeyboard"                       
             Option "PrefBusID" "1:0:0"                                      
     EndSection                                                              
     Section "ServerLayout"                                                  
             Identifier     "X1"                                             
             Screen      0  "Screen1" 0 0                                    
             InputDevice    "Mouse1" "CorePointer"                           
             InputDevice    "Keyboard0" "CoreKeyboard"                       
             Option "PrefBusID" "0:12:0"                                     
     EndSection                                                              
                                                                             
                                                                             
     The "PrefBusID" option is not case sensitive.                           

If you have 3 video cards, 3 keyboards, and you have started the Backstreet
Ruby kernel with dumbcon=2, you can start 3 independent X servers for 3
simultaneous users with the following commands:

For the 1st X server with the 1st keyboard:

$ startx -- /usr/X11R6/bin/X0 :0 -xf86config /etc/X11/XF86Config-4[for your
1st video card] vt7

For the 2nd X server with the 2nd keyboard:

$ startx -- /usr/X11R6/bin/X1 :1 -xf86config /etc/X11/XF86Config-4[for your
2nd video card] vt8

For the 3rd X server with the 3rd keyboard:

$ startx -- /usr/X11R6/bin/X2 :2 -xf86config /etc/X11/XF86Config-4[for your
3rd video card] vt16

For the 1st X server you can skip the -xf86config /etc/X11/XF86Config-4[for
your 1st video card] argument. In this case, the default configuration file,
/etc/X11/XF86Config-4, will be used.

Note   * For SuSE users:                                                     
                                                                             
         the XFree configuration files are normally /etc/X11/XF86Config      
                                                                             
       * The same applies for Red Hat users:                                 
                                                                             
         the XFree configuration files are normally /etc/X11/XF86Config      
                                                                             
                                                                             

You can also setup your display manager to start the independent X servers,
once everything is properly configured. But don't rush to setup your display
manager before the configuration is finished, because this could give you
serious problems. When you are ready with the required configurations, you'll
reach the section on configuring the display manager.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

4.4. Using independent mice with XFree

To use an independent mouse for each of your independent X servers/sessions,
you just have to modify the input section of the XFree configuration files to
adjust the proper device files.

Use /dev/input/mouse[n], where n is the number of your mouse starting from 0:

  * 1st mouse --> /dev/input/mouse0
   
  * 2nd mouse --> /dev/input/mouse1
   
  * 3rd mouse --> /dev/input/mouse2
   
  * 4th mouse --> /dev/input/mouse3
   

You shouldn't use /dev/input/mice because it merges the input from all mouse
devices.

Here is my configuration before modifications:
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
                                                                                                  
# **********************************************************************                          
# Pointer section                                                                                 
# **********************************************************************                          
                                                                                                  
Section "InputDevice"                                                                             
                                                                                                  
    Identifier  "Mouse1"                                                                          
    Driver      "mouse"                                                                           
    Option "Protocol"    "IMPS/2"                                                                 
    Option "Device"      "/dev/psaux"                                                             
    Option "ZAxisMapping" "4 5"                                                                   
                                                                                                  
# ChordMiddle is an option for some 3-button Logitech mice                                        
    Option "Emulate3Buttons"                                                                      
#    Option "ChordMiddle"                                                                         
                                                                                                  
EndSection                                                                                        
                                                                                                  
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
                                                                                                  

After modifications for the first X server:
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
                                                                                                  
# **********************************************************************                          
# Pointer section                                                                                 
# **********************************************************************                          
                                                                                                  
Section "InputDevice"                                                                             
                                                                                                  
    Identifier  "Mouse1"                                                                          
    Driver      "mouse"                                                                           
    Option "Protocol"    "IMPS/2"                                                                 
    Option "Device"      "/dev/input/mouse0"                                                      
    Option "ZAxisMapping" "4 5"                                                                   
                                                                                                  
# ChordMiddle is an option for some 3-button Logitech mice                                        
    Option "Emulate3Buttons"                                                                      
#    Option "ChordMiddle"                                                                         
                                                                                                  
EndSection                                                                                        
                                                                                                  
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------   
                                                                                                  

For the second X server:
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------    
# **********************************************************************                           
# Pointer section                                                                                  
# **********************************************************************                           
                                                                                                   
Section "InputDevice"                                                                              
                                                                                                   
    Identifier  "Mouse1"                                                                           
    Driver      "mouse"                                                                            
    Option "Protocol"    "IMPS/2"                                                                  
    Option "Device"      "/dev/input/mouse1"                                                       
    Option "ZAxisMapping" "4 5"                                                                    
                                                                                                   
# ChordMiddle is an option for some 3-button Logitech mice                                         
    Option "Emulate3Buttons"                                                                       
#    Option "ChordMiddle"                                                                          
                                                                                                   
EndSection                                                                                         
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------    
                                                                                                   

and so on ...
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

4.5. For graphic cards without DRI

(or reusing Xinerama configured XFree)

There could be several reasons for not using DRI:

  * As far I know only one graphic card in a system can use DRI.
   
  * The Nvidia closed source driver does not support DRI.
   

In case one of this reasons applies to your system, you do not need different
XFree configuration files for the different displays.

You can configure your system for Xinerama using the tools provided with your
distribution and reading [http://www.tldp.org/HOWTO/Xinerama-HOWTO/
index.html] The Xinerama-HOWTO, so when the system is used by a single user,
he/she could switch to Xinerama desktop and use all available displays for a
bigger desktop.

Once configured for Xinerama, only small additions are needed to achieve
multiple independent desktops. All you have to do is to add new layouts which
use single screen definition and have independent input devices (well, this
is actually needed only for the mouse devices, as the keyboard is managed
through the vt[n] option).

If you have configured Xinerama in the following way:
Section "ServerLayout"                                                       
    Identifier  "Simple Layout"                                              
    Screen "Screen 2"                                                        
    Screen "Screen 1" RightOf "Screen 2"                                     
    InputDevice "Mouse1" "CorePointer"                                       
    InputDevice "Keyboard1" "CoreKeyboard"                                   
EndSection                                                                   

To achieve multiple independent desktops you only have to add layout
definitions for a single screen :
Section "ServerLayout"                                                       
    Identifier  "first-Xserver"                                              
    Screen "Screen 1"                                                        
    InputDevice "Mouse1" "CorePointer"                                       
    InputDevice "Keyboard1" "CoreKeyboard"                                   
EndSection                                                                   
                                                                             
Section "ServerLayout"                                                       
    Identifier  "second-Xserver"                                             
    Screen "Screen 2"                                                        
    InputDevice "Mouse2" "CorePointer"                                       
    InputDevice "Keyboard1" "CoreKeyboard"                                   
EndSection                                                                   

Which should result in these layout definitions:
Section "ServerLayout"                                                       
    Identifier  "Xinerama"                                                   
    Screen "Screen 2"                                                        
    Screen "Screen 1" RightOf "Screen 2"                                     
    InputDevice "Mouse1" "CorePointer"                                       
    InputDevice "Keyboard1" "CoreKeyboard"                                   
EndSection                                                                   
                                                                             
Section "ServerLayout"                                                       
    Identifier  "first-Xserver"                                              
    Screen "Screen 1"                                                        
    InputDevice "Mouse1" "CorePointer"                                       
    InputDevice "Keyboard1" "CoreKeyboard"                                   
EndSection                                                                   
                                                                             
Section "ServerLayout"                                                       
    Identifier  "second-Xserver"                                             
    Screen "Screen 2"                                                        
    InputDevice "Mouse2" "CorePointer"                                       
    InputDevice "Keyboard1" "CoreKeyboard"                                   
EndSection                                                                   

Now you can start a single X server with option -layout Xinerama and enjoy
the Xinerama desktop, or

You can start 2 independent X servers using -layout first-Xserver for the
first, and -layout second-Xserver for the second.

[]

Since you will use a single XFree configuration file for all X servers,

 1. in order to use independent keyboards you have to use following command:
   
    For 1st X server with the 1st keyboard:
   
    $ startx -- /usr/X11R6/bin/X0 :0 -layout first-Xserver vt7
   
    For 2nd X server with the 2nd keyboard:
   
    $ startx -- /usr/X11R6/bin/X1 :1 -layout second-Xserver vt8
   
    and if you want to use Xinerama:
   
    $ startx -- /usr/X11R6/bin/X -layout Xinerama vt7
   
 2. also the mice must have different identifiers:
    ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 
                                                                                                     
    # **********************************************************************                         
    # Pointer section                                                                                
    # **********************************************************************                         
                                                                                                     
    Section "InputDevice"                                                                            
                                                                                                     
        Identifier  "Mouse1"                                                                         
        Driver      "mouse"                                                                          
        Option "Protocol"    "IMPS/2"                                                                
        Option "Device"      "/dev/input/mouse0"                                                     
        Option "ZAxisMapping" "4 5"                                                                  
                                                                                                     
    # ChordMiddle is an option for some 3-button Logitech mice                                       
        Option "Emulate3Buttons"                                                                     
    #    Option "ChordMiddle"                                                                        
                                                                                                     
    EndSection                                                                                       
                                                                                                     
    Section "InputDevice"                                                                            
                                                                                                     
        Identifier  "Mouse2"                                                                         
        Driver      "mouse"                                                                          
        Option "Protocol"    "IMPS/2"                                                                
        Option "Device"      "/dev/input/mouse1"                                                     
        Option "ZAxisMapping" "4 5"                                                                  
                                                                                                     
    # ChordMiddle is an option for some 3-button Logitech mice                                       
        Option "Emulate3Buttons"                                                                     
    #    Option "ChordMiddle"                                                                        
                                                                                                     
    EndSection                                                                                       
    -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
   

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
4.6. Nvidia GLX & DRI

Note Here you will learn how to configure your system for parallel use of    
     Nvidia's GLX and XFree's DRI. If you do not have Nvidia cards, or you   
     have only Nvidia cards, you do not need to read this section. In the    
     first case you do not need the Nvidia GLX at all, and in the second, you
     can use the standard procedure for installing GLX.                      

Why Nvidia? Why closed source drivers?

A bit of a mixed up answer:

 1. With the open source driver it's almost impossible to bring up a
    secondary card, so we should use the closed source driver.
   
 2. Why the Nvidia card? Currently these are the only available, affordable
    PCI video cards with some acceleration.
   
 3.  I tried to use DRI on 2 parallel X servers, but it didn't work. I posted
    emails to XFree, DRI and lkml list, but I only got a single answer with
    no valuable information on my problem. I tried to run DRI on a Matrox
    G550 DH AGP & SiS63xx PCI, but when enabled for both cards, I got AGP
    errors. When enabled only for one of the cards, I got DRI up and running.
    Please, someone confirm or prove me wrong!
   

I'll explain several ways to get configuration working for both Nvidia GLX
and XFree86 DRI. There are probably a lot of other possibilities, and maybe
these are not the simplest, but they are the ones I know to work.

The reasons why this is needed:

 1. Nvidia should use a different module path for xf86: the glx extension
    module from Nvidia is incompatible with the one from XFree86.
   
 2. Nvidia should use a different XF86Config file: because DRI should be
    disabled for Nvidia and enabled for others.
   

If you find a simpler way, please email it me and I'll include it.

Caution This can not be used as-is on SuSE Linux. In order to make it easy   
        for the user to switch between Mesa, XFree and Nvidia GL libraries,  
        SuSE uses a very complicated setup for the GL libraries. To use this 
        setup you have to switch your configuration to XFree86's GL          
        libraries.                                                           
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

4.6.1. Example 1

This is the configuration that I use on my system (ATI AIW Radeon 7500 AGP
and Nvidia TNT2 M64 PCI) XFree configuration files:

 1. Create a directory /usr/X11R6/libNV:
   
    mkdir /usr/X11R6/libNV
   
 2. Create links to the original /usr/X11R6/lib:
   
    cd /usr/X11R6/libNV
   
    lndir -silent -ignorelinks ../lib
   
 3. Install the Nvidia driver and libraries in /usr/X11R6/libNV.
   
 4. Install Nvidia's libGLcore.so.1.0 [driver version], or better,
    libGLcore.so.1, in /usr/lib. Make a symbolic link from /usr/X11R6/libNV/
    libGLcore.so.1 to /usr/lib/libGLcore.so.1 (this will allow you to easily
    update your Nvidia drivers):
   
    cd /usr/lib
   
    ln -s ../X11R6/libNV/libGLcore.so.1 ./
   
    Note: the Nvidia libGL.so is installed /usr/X11R6/libNV, so it's
    invisible to the system unless you tell the system about the existence of
    /usr/X11R6/libNV. For this setup, you must not do this, as it will break
    the standard X server start-up. But you can use the XFree GL libraries
    with the Nvidia graphic card and Nvidia closed source drivers, with a
    non-Nvidia graphic card, using XFree's DRI, which the GL library from
    Nvidia cannot do.
   
 5. Add a line in the XFree configuration file for the Nvidia card to point
    the X server to the right location of the library and module path:
    Section "Files"                                                          
                                                                             
    ..........                                                               
    ModulePath  "/usr/X11R6/libNV/modules"                                   
    ..........                                                               
                                                                             
    EndSection                                                               
                                                                             
   
 6. Install the Nvidia kernel driver.
   

Now everything should be fine and you should be able to use DRI and Nvidia
GLX at the same time. You will have a bit smaller performance in comparison
to a setup which uses Nvidia's libGL & libGLcore, but the difference is not
that big on my PC.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

4.6.2. Example 2

This example will give you the full performance of both the Nvidia card(s),
and the non-Nvidia card, since XFree's libGL is used for the non Nvidia card,
and Nvidia's libGL is used for Nvidia cards. But this will require one more X
server to be precise; a simple wrapper to add the path to the Nvidia
libraries, and symbolic links to it for additional Nvidia cards.

It is almost the same as the previous scenario, with the difference that the
X servers for the Nvidia cards should start with an environment where
Nvidia's libGL is known, while the X servers for non Nvidia cards shouldn't
know anything about the Nvidia libGL. This requires a wrapper to be used for
starting the X servers driving Nvidia cards.

Install the Nvidia libraries and kernel driver like in the previous example.
You may skip step 4. as libGLcore.so.1 is installed in /usr/X11R6/libNV, and
we'll inform the X servers driving Nvidia cards about the proper path to the
Nvidia libraries.

The missing part - the wrapper :
#!/bin/bash                                                                  
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/X11R6/libNV                                      
exec /usr/X11R6/bin/X0 $*                                                    
                                                                             

Copy these lines into your favourite editor and save the file as XNV. Make it
executable:

chmod +x XNV

Copy the file to /usr/X11R6/bin and make symbolic links to it for additional
Nvidia cards (for additional cards just add more links):
cp XNV /usr/X11R6/bin                                                        
cd /usr/X11R6/bin                                                            
ln -s XNV Xnv0                                                               
ln -s XNV Xnv1                                                               
ln -s XNV Xnv2                                                               
                                                                             

Remember to use /usr/X11R6/bin/Xnv0, /usr/X11R6/bin/Xnv1 ..., instead of /usr
/X11R6/bin/X0, /usr/X11R6/bin/X1 ... for your Nvidia cards while configuring
the display managers in the next chapter, or when starting X on Nvidia card
(s) from console.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

4.6.3. Installing the Nvidia libraries easily

Using the new Nvidia installer (note, this is a work in progress, do not use
if you don't understand what happens here. To-do: write a script to perform
steps 1-4. Please provide some feedback on the script in Appendix->Scripts):

Manually:

 1. Make a backup of your XFree GL libraries:
    cd  [XFree prefix]                                                       
                                                                             
   
    On my Mandrake system I can use:
    cd $OPENWINHOME                                                                                         
    find lib -name "libGL.*" -o -name "libGLcore*" -o -name "libglx.*" | xargs tar  rpfv   libGL-backup.tar 
                                                                                                            
   
 2. Then run the Nvidia installer:
    ./NVIDIA-Linux-x86-1.0-4349.run --no-opengl-headers --xfree86-prefix=/usr/X11R6NV --opengl-prefix=/usr/X11R6NV  
                                                                                                                    
   
 3. Copy the installed files to /usr/X11R6/libNV:
    cd /usr/X11R6NV/lib &&  tar cv * | tar xvC /usr/X11R6/libNV/             
                                                                             
   
 4. Restore the backed-up GL libraries:
    cd [XFree prefix]                                                        
    tar xvfp libGL-backup.tar && ldconfig                                    
                                                                             
   

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Chapter 5. More on configuring input devices

Here you will find more details on configuring input devices and dealing with
secondary keyboard interfaces found in USB multimedia keyboards.

Note If you are configuring a system with two displays( 2 keyboards, 2 mice) 
     you probably can skip to Chapter 6 "Configuring display managers", but  
     if you want to use a single system for more users you will find really  
     useful information in this chapter.                                     
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

5.1. Finding the real devices

We will need this information later on, to be able to assign a given keyboard
/mouse to a given X-server/Display.

To find the PHYS ID's (the addresses) or the name(quite oft it differs from
the one labeled on the device) of your input devices you have to read the
file /proc/bus/input/devices.

Here is what I have:
[svetljo@svetljo How-To]# cat /proc/bus/input/devices                        
I: Bus=0011 Vendor=0002 Product=0002 Version=0034                            
N: Name="PS2++ Logitech Wheel Mouse"                                         
P: Phys=isa0060/serio1/input0                                                
H: Handlers=mouse0 ts0                                                       
B: EV=7                                                                      
B: KEY=f0000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0                                                 
B: REL=103                                                                   
                                                                             
I: Bus=0011 Vendor=0001 Product=0002 Version=ab02                            
N: Name="AT Set 2 keyboard"                                                  
P: Phys=isa0060/serio0/input0                                                
H: Handlers=kbd                                                              
B: EV=120003                                                                 
B: KEY=4 2000000 8061f9 fbc9d621 efdfffdf ffefffff ffffffff fffffffe         
B: LED=7                                                                     
                                                                             
I: Bus=0003 Vendor=046d Product=c303 Version=0700                            
N: Name="Logitech    USB Keyboard"                                           
P: Phys=usb-00:10.1-1.1/input0                                               
H: Handlers=kbd                                                              
B: EV=120003                                                                 
B: KEY=10000 7f ffe00000 7ff ffbeffdf ffffffff ffffffff fffffffe             
B: LED=7                                                                     
                                                                             
I: Bus=0003 Vendor=046d Product=c303 Version=0700                            
N: Name="Logitech    USB Keyboard"                                           
P: Phys=usb-00:10.1-1.1/input1                                               
H: Handlers=kbd                                                              
B: EV=100003                                                                 
B: KEY=1078 1800d100 1e0000 0 0 0                                            
                                                                             
I: Bus=0003 Vendor=05fe Product=0011 Version=0000                            
N: Name="Cypress Sem. PS2/USB Browser Combo Mouse"                           
P: Phys=usb-00:10.1-1.2/input0                                               
H: Handlers=mouse1 ts1                                                       
B: EV=7                                                                      
B: KEY=1f0000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0                                                
B: REL=103                                                                   

Note   * /proc/bus/input/devices will provide the needed information for all 
         devices except USB multimedia/office keyboards.                     
                                                                             
       * For such USB multimedia/office keyboards you will have to gather    
         additional information, for example with the help of lsusb.         
                                                                             
                                                                             

  * First we have to find the address of the USB keyboard:
    [root@svetljo How-To]# lsusb                                             
    Bus 004 Device 001: ID 0000:0000                                         
    Bus 003 Device 001: ID 0000:0000                                         
    Bus 003 Device 002: ID 0409:55ab NEC Corp. Hub [iMac kbd]                
    Bus 003 Device 003: ID 046d:c303 Logitech, Inc.                          
    Bus 003 Device 004: ID 05fe:0011 Chic Technology Corp. Browser Mouse     
    Bus 002 Device 001: ID 0000:0000                                         
    Bus 001 Device 001: ID 0000:0000                                         
   
    Here, my USB Logitech keyboard is Device 003 on Bus 003.
   
  * Now we run lsusb with arguments -v -s [your USB keyboard device id in
    form Bus:Device], in my case, lsusb -v -s 003:003.
    ........                                                                 
        Interface Descriptor:                                                
          bLength                 9                                          
          bDescriptorType         4                                          
          bInterfaceNumber        0                                          
          bAlternateSetting       0                                          
          bNumEndpoints           1                                          
          bInterfaceClass         3 Human Interface Devices                  
          bInterfaceSubClass      1 Boot Interface Subclass                  
          bInterfaceProtocol      1 Keyboard                                 
          iInterface              0                                          
    ........                                                                 
                                                                             
        Interface Descriptor:                                                
          bLength                 9                                          
          bDescriptorType         4                                          
          bInterfaceNumber        1                                          
          bAlternateSetting       0                                          
          bNumEndpoints           1                                          
          bInterfaceClass         3 Human Interface Devices                  
          bInterfaceSubClass      0 No Subclass                              
          bInterfaceProtocol      0 None                                     
          iInterface              0                                          
    ........                                                                 
   

So my USB keyboard has two interfaces (see bInterfaceNumber); the first one
is the real keyboard (bInterfaceProtocol 1 Keyboard), the second
(bInterfaceProtocol 0 None) - the additional keys. Hence the real USB
keyboard is:
.....                                                                        
N: Name="Logitech    USB Keyboard"                                           
P: Phys=usb-00:10.1-1.1/input0                                               
H: Handlers=kbd                                                              
.....                                                                        

The "P: Phys=" field (the physical descriptor/address) consorts of:

 1. Bus type: "usb"
   
 2. PCI function of the USB controller: "00:10.1"
   
 3. USB device id: "1.1"
   
 4. The string: "/input"
   
 5. Interface number: "0"
   

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
5.2. Using hotplug with input.agent

Using the input agent will allow you to manage input devices based on their
PHYS ID.

The input agent uses 3 configuration files:

  * /etc/hotplug/kbd.conf
   
  * /etc/hotplug/mouse.conf
   
  * /etc/hotplug/event.conf
   

To configure the keyboards you have to adjust /etc/hotplug/kbd.conf

If I wanted to use the PS2 keyboard for the primary Display and for the VGA
console, I would have:
#                                                                            
# keyboard configuration                                                     
#                                                                            
# vt_name device_physicaly_location                                          
                                                                             
VT0     isa0060/serio0/input0                                                
VT1     usb-00:10.1-1.1/input0                                               
                                                                             

Or, if I want to use the USB keyboard for the primary Display and for the VGA
console:
#                                                                            
# keyboard configuration                                                     
#                                                                            
# vt_name device_physicaly_location                                          
                                                                             
VT0     usb-00:10.1-1.1/input0                                               
VT1     isa0060/serio0/input0                                                
                                                                             

you could also use "*.*" instead of the pci function of the USB controller:
#                                                                            
# keyboard configuration                                                     
#                                                                            
# vt_name device_physicaly_location                                          
                                                                             
VT0     usb-*.*-1.1/input0                                                   
VT1     isa0060/serio0/input0                                                
                                                                             

For mouse devices you have to edit /etc/hotplug/mouse.conf
#                                                                            
# mouse device configuration                                                 
#                                                                            
# sym_link device_physicaly_location                                         
mouse0br        usb-00:10.1-1.2/input0                                       
mouse1br        usb-*.*-2.7.*/input0                                         
mouse2br        isa0060/serio1/*                                             
                                                                             

and adjust the XFree configuration file.

For the first mouse change
......                                                                       
    Option "Protocol"    "IMPS/2"                                            
    Option "Device"      "/dev/input/mouse0"                                 
    Option "ZAxisMapping" "4 5"                                              
......                                                                       
                                                                             

to :
......                                                                       
    Option "Protocol"    "IMPS/2"                                            
    Option "Device"      "/dev/input/mouse0br"                               
    Option "ZAxisMapping" "4 5"                                              
......                                                                       
                                                                             

For the second mouse change
......                                                                       
    Option "Protocol"    "IMPS/2"                                            
    Option "Device"      "/dev/input/mouse1"                                 
    Option "ZAxisMapping" "4 5"                                              
......                                                                       
                                                                             

to :
......                                                                       
    Option "Protocol"    "IMPS/2"                                            
    Option "Device"      "/dev/input/mouse1br"                               
    Option "ZAxisMapping" "4 5"                                              
......                                                                       
                                                                             

and so on.

For Event devices edit /etc/hotplug/event.conf
#                                                                            
# input event device config file                                             
#                                                                            
# symbolic_link device_physicaly_location                                    
event0br        isa0060/serio0/*                                             
event1br        isa0060/serio1/input0                                        
event2br        usb-*.*-3/input0                                             
                                                                             

and configure the applications which use them to use the symbolic links
instead of the real devices
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

5.3. Using XFree with event interface support

This will allow you:

  * if you have input devices with different names, to use them with the same
    Xserver/screen wherever you plug or re-plug them.
   
  * if you have input devices with the same names, to use them with the same
    Xserver/screen according to the USB port where you plug or re-plug them.
   
  * the ability to use wild cards such as "*" and "?".
   

Caution Currently hot-plugging doesn't seems to work properly. I have reports
        that it works when using the "Dev Name" option, but my primary       
        purpose was to get it working with "Dev Phys" and this does not      
        currently seem to work. "Why "Dev Phys"?" - because if one wants to  
        setup a single system for 4,5 or more users it would be easier to get
        4,5 or more pieces of the same keyboard/ mouse then to find the same 
        number keyboards or mice but from different manufacturer or with     
        different names, and i find configuring XFree for such number users  
        is simpler when "Dev Phys" is used.                                  

For this to work you will have to use XFree with the patches for event
interface support, developed by Zephaniah Hull. You can find them at the
following url: [http://people.debian.org/~warp/evdev/] http://
people.debian.org/~warp/evdev/.

To build from source you will need the following patches :

  * 029_lnx_evdev.diff : The evdev core patch.
   
  * 030_lnx_evdev_mouse.diff : The mouse side of the patch.
   
  * 031_lnx_evdev_keyboard.diff : The keyboard side of the patch.
   

The binaries for Debian include these patches. Mandrake-9.1 rpms are also
available.

For hot-plugging you will also need the /etc/hotplug/input.agent , which you
can find under the above address and in Appendix Scripts

Then you have to configure XFree to use the event devices.

The configuration section for a mouse should look something like this:
Section "InputDevice"                                                        
    Identifier  "Mouse1"                                                     
    Driver      "mouse"                                                      
    Option      "Protocol"      "evdev"                                      
    Option      "Dev Name"      "A4Tech USB Optical Mouse"                   
    Option      "Dev Phys"      "usb-*/input0"                               
    Option      "Buttons"       "9"                                          
                                                                             
    Option      "ZAxisMapping"  "6 7 8 9"                                    
EndSection                                                                   

The configuration section for a keyboard should look something like this:
Section "InputDevice"                                                        
    Identifier  "Keyboard1"                                                  
    Driver      "kbd"                                                        
    Option      "Protocol"      "evdev"                                      
    Option      "Dev Name"      "SILITEK USB Keyboard"                       
    Option      "Dev Phys"      "usb-*/input0"                               
    Option      "AutoRepeat"    "250 30"                                     
    Option      "XkbRules"      "xfree86"                                    
    Option      "XkbModel"      "pc101"                                      
    Option      "XkbLayout"     "dvorak"                                     
EndSection                                                                   

For Dev Name and Dev Phys, the wildcats "?" and "*" work, you MUST have at
least one of the two, if you have both then the device must match on both, a
non-existent entry is the same as one consisting of "*".
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

5.4. Using the "Phys" descriptor and USB devices

Using the "Phys" descriptor of input devices simplifies a lot the
configuration of input devices in XFree, especially when a bigger number of
displays are used.

As USB devices are connecting in a tree form, you can really easy specify the
way keyboard and mice devices are bound to a specified X display. You have to
use one USB hub with number of ports equal(or bigger) to the number of the X
displays, to this hub are connected smaller (2-4 port) hubs (or keyboards
with integrated hub). To the first port of the smaller (integrated) hub are
connected the keyboards, to the second the mice (in case there are free ports
you can connect usb-audio devices to them :) ). This results in the following
layout of the usb-id's in case the primary USB hub is the first USB device :

Note In the following explanations and examples I use for first device on the
     secondary(integrated) hub keyboard device because my keyboard is        
     internally connected to the 1st port of the integrated hub. I assume    
     this will apply for most of the keyboards with integrated hub, but in   
     case the one you own uses different port you will have to make small    
     adjustments.                                                            

  * on the 1st port of the primary hub
   
      + 1.1 USB hub (integrated)
       
      + 1.1.1 USB keyboard
       
      + 1.1.2 USB mouse
       
      + (1.1.3 usb-audio/other usb device)
       
   
  * on the 2nd port
   
      + 1.2 USB hub (integrated)
       
      + 1.2.1 USB keyboard
       
      + 1.2.2 USB mouse
       
      + (1.2.3 usb-audio/other usb device)
       
   
  * on the 3rd port
   
      + 1.3 USB hub (integrated)
       
      + 1.3.1 USB keyboard
       
      + 1.3.2 USB mouse
       
      + (1.3.3 usb-audio/other usb device)
       
   
  * on the 4th port
   
      + 1.4 USB hub (integrated)
       
      + 1.4.1 USB keyboard
       
      + 1.4.2 USB mouse
       
      + (1.4.3 usb-audio/other usb device)
       
   

Based on this we can bind all devices connected to a specified USB port to a
given X server.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

5.4.1. ... with Input Agent

An example for a 4-user system using the "Phys" descriptor with Input Agent
and USB input devices.

We'll use the "vt[n]" parameter when starting X and the following
configuration file for the keyboards:
#                                                                            
# keyboard configuration                                                     
#                                                                            
# vt_name device_physicaly_location                                          
                                                                             
VT0     usb-*.*-1.1.1/input0                                                 
VT1     usb-*.*-1.2.1/input0                                                 
VT2     usb-*.*-1.3.1/input0                                                 
VT3     usb-*.*-1.4.1/input0                                                 
                                                                             

For mouse devices the configuration file will look like this:
#                                                                            
# mouse device configuration                                                 
#                                                                            
# sym_link device_physicaly_location                                         
mouse0br        usb-*.*-1.1.2/input0                                         
mouse1br        usb-*.*-1.2.2/input0                                         
mouse2br        usb-*.*-1.3.2/input0                                         
mouse3br        usb-*.*-1.4.2/input0                                         
                                                                             

and we have to adjust the XFree configuration files, so XFree uses the
symbolic links instead of the actual devices. If you already configured
independent mice you have only to append "br" to each of the mouse devices.

Change each "/dev/input/mouse[n]" to "/dev/input/mouse[n]br".

For the first display:
......                                                                       
# **********************************************************************     
# Pointer section                                                            
# **********************************************************************     
                                                                             
Section "InputDevice"                                                        
                                                                             
    Identifier  "Mouse1"                                                     
    Driver      "mouse"                                                      
    Option "Protocol"    "IMPS/2"                                            
    Option "Device"      "/dev/input/mouse0br"                               
    Option "ZAxisMapping" "4 5"                                              
                                                                             
# ChordMiddle is an option for some 3-button Logitech mice                   
    Option "Emulate3Buttons"                                                 
#    Option "ChordMiddle"                                                    
                                                                             
EndSection                                                                   
......                                                                       
                                                                             

For the second display:
......                                                                       
# **********************************************************************     
# Pointer section                                                            
# **********************************************************************     
                                                                             
Section "InputDevice"                                                        
                                                                             
    Identifier  "Mouse1"                                                     
    Driver      "mouse"                                                      
    Option "Protocol"    "IMPS/2"                                            
    Option "Device"      "/dev/input/mouse1br"                               
    Option "ZAxisMapping" "4 5"                                              
                                                                             
# ChordMiddle is an option for some 3-button Logitech mice                   
    Option "Emulate3Buttons"                                                 
#    Option "ChordMiddle"                                                    
                                                                             
EndSection                                                                   
......                                                                       
                                                                             

and so on.

Or in case a single XFree configuration file is used:
......                                                                       
# **********************************************************************     
# Pointer section                                                            
# **********************************************************************     
                                                                             
Section "InputDevice"                                                        
                                                                             
    Identifier  "Mouse1"                                                     
    Driver      "mouse"                                                      
    Option "Protocol"    "IMPS/2"                                            
    Option "Device"      "/dev/input/mouse0br"                               
    Option "ZAxisMapping" "4 5"                                              
                                                                             
# ChordMiddle is an option for some 3-button Logitech mice                   
    Option "Emulate3Buttons"                                                 
#    Option "ChordMiddle"                                                    
                                                                             
EndSection                                                                   
Section "InputDevice"                                                        
                                                                             
    Identifier  "Mouse2"                                                     
    Driver      "mouse"                                                      
    Option "Protocol"    "IMPS/2"                                            
    Option "Device"      "/dev/input/mouse1br"                               
    Option "ZAxisMapping" "4 5"                                              
                                                                             
# ChordMiddle is an option for some 3-button Logitech mice                   
    Option "Emulate3Buttons"                                                 
#    Option "ChordMiddle"                                                    
                                                                             
EndSection                                                                   
......                                                                       
                                                                             
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

5.4.2. ... with XFree with event interface support

Using the "Dev Phys" option of XFree with event device support and USB input
devices enables us to use almost identical configuration of the input devices
for all X servers. The only difference will be in the part of the usb-id,
which reflects the port of the primary USB hub.

Note The examples below are for multiple XFree configuration files, if you   
     use a single XFree configuration file you have to adjust the            
     identifiers.                                                            

The configuration for the input devices for the 1st display would look
something like this:
Section "InputDevice"                                                        
    Identifier  "Keyboard1"                                                  
    Driver      "kbd"                                                        
    Option      "Protocol"      "evdev"                                      
    Option      "Dev Phys"      "usb-*-1.1.1/input0"                         
    Option      "AutoRepeat"    "250 30"                                     
    Option      "XkbRules"      "xfree86"                                    
    Option      "XkbModel"      "pc101"                                      
    Option      "XkbLayout"     "dvorak"                                     
EndSection                                                                   
Section "InputDevice"                                                        
    Identifier  "Mouse1"                                                     
    Driver      "mouse"                                                      
    Option      "Protocol"      "evdev"                                      
    Option      "Dev Phys"      "usb-*-1.1.2/input0"                         
    Option      "ZAxisMapping"  "4 5"                                        
EndSection                                                                   

For the 2nd display something like this:
Section "InputDevice"                                                        
    Identifier  "Keyboard1"                                                  
    Driver      "kbd"                                                        
    Option      "Protocol"      "evdev"                                      
    Option      "Dev Phys"      "usb-*-1.2.1/input0"                         
    Option      "AutoRepeat"    "250 30"                                     
    Option      "XkbRules"      "xfree86"                                    
    Option      "XkbModel"      "pc101"                                      
    Option      "XkbLayout"     "dvorak"                                     
EndSection                                                                   
Section "InputDevice"                                                        
    Identifier  "Mouse1"                                                     
    Driver      "mouse"                                                      
    Option      "Protocol"      "evdev"                                      
    Option      "Dev Phys"      "usb-*-1.2.2/input0"                         
    Option      "ZAxisMapping"  "4 5"                                        
EndSection                                                                   

For the 3rd display something like this:
Section "InputDevice"                                                        
    Identifier  "Keyboard1"                                                  
    Driver      "kbd"                                                        
    Option      "Protocol"      "evdev"                                      
    Option      "Dev Phys"      "usb-*-1.3.1/input0"                         
    Option      "AutoRepeat"    "250 30"                                     
    Option      "XkbRules"      "xfree86"                                    
    Option      "XkbModel"      "pc101"                                      
    Option      "XkbLayout"     "dvorak"                                     
EndSection                                                                   
Section "InputDevice"                                                        
    Identifier  "Mouse1"                                                     
    Driver      "mouse"                                                      
    Option      "Protocol"      "evdev"                                      
    Option      "Dev Phys"      "usb-*-1.3.2/input0"                         
    Option      "ZAxisMapping"  "4 5"                                        
EndSection                                                                   

and so on.

You could also use the "?", so wherever you plug the primary hub, all
displays will still have the desired configuration.
Section "InputDevice"                                                        
    Identifier  "Keyboard1"                                                  
    Driver      "kbd"                                                        
    Option      "Protocol"      "evdev"                                      
    Option      "Dev Phys"      "usb-*-?.1.1/input0"                         
    Option      "AutoRepeat"    "250 30"                                     
    Option      "XkbRules"      "xfree86"                                    
    Option      "XkbModel"      "pc101"                                      
    Option      "XkbLayout"     "dvorak"                                     
EndSection                                                                   
Section "InputDevice"                                                        
    Identifier  "Mouse1"                                                     
    Driver      "mouse"                                                      
    Option      "Protocol"      "evdev"                                      
    Option      "Dev Phys"      "usb-*-?.1.2/input0"                         
    Option      "ZAxisMapping"  "4 5"                                        
EndSection                                                                   
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

Chapter 6. Configuring display managers

If you have successfully finished the installation and configuration of the
kernel and XFree, it's time to configure your display manager(s).

Beside the grafical differences, xdm/kdm and gdm handle differently the X
servers. gdm will start the X servers in the order specified in it's
configuration file (and stop them in the reverse order). xdm/kdm will start
and stop all the X servers at the same time(in case there are no opened X
sessions). Also restarting the gdm demon means end for all X sessions, but if
you restart xdm/kdm when you are under X your session won't be closed.

  * Using gdm could help you to retain the VGA console.
   
  * Using xdm/kdm allows you to switch it's configuration retaining your
    opened X session(of course the changes shouldn't affect the X server you
    are using).
   

Note   * For the older(version 1) Preferred Bus ID XFree Server you have to  
         also specify the desired graphic card with parameter "-prefbusid x: 
         x:x", where x:x:x is the Bus ID of the desired graphic card.        
                                                                             
           + For AGP cards, something similar to -prefbusid 1:0:0            
                                                                             
           + For PCI cards, something similar to -prefbusid 0:x:0, x is      
             normally the IRQ number.                                        
                                                                             
                                                                             
       * In the following explanation I will not use this option. If you use 
         the Preferred Bus ID X server just append "-prefbusid x:x:x" with   
         the correct Bus ID of the card you want to start right before the   
         last argument vt[x].                                                
                                                                             
                                                                             

Note In case you are using the latest(version 2) prefbusid patch/ binary you 
     may omit the -prefbusid x:x:x argument when starting X, but you have to 
     specify the correct settings in the XFree configuration file(s).        
                                                                             
     An example:                                                             
     Section "ServerLayout"                                                  
             Identifier     "X0"                                             
             Screen      0  "Screen0" 0 0                                    
             InputDevice    "Mouse0" "CorePointer"                           
             InputDevice    "Keyboard0" "CoreKeyboard"                       
             Option "PrefBusID" "1:0:0"                                      
     EndSection                                                              
     Section "ServerLayout"                                                  
             Identifier     "X1"                                             
             Screen      0  "Screen1" 0 0                                    
             InputDevice    "Mouse1" "CorePointer"                           
             InputDevice    "Keyboard0" "CoreKeyboard"                       
             Option "PrefBusID" "0:12:0"                                     
     EndSection                                                              
                                                                             
                                                                             
     The "PrefBusID" option is not case sensitive.                           
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

6.1. Configuring xdm and kdm

If everything is working now, it's time to setup the automatic starting of X
on all displays. For xdm and kdm you have to modify one single file. For a
Red Hat-like system this would be /etc/X11/xdm/Xservers; for other
distributions check whether this file exists. If not, find your XFree86
configuration directory, and in it you'll find xdm/Xservers.

Note SuSE uses:                                                              
                                                                             
       * /etc/X11/XF86Config                                                 
                                                                             
       * /etc/X11/xdm/Xservers for xdm                                       
                                                                             
       * /etc/opt/kde3/share/config/kdm/Xservers for kdm                     
                                                                             
                                                                             
     you can make a backup copy of /etc/opt/.../kdm/Xservers and make a      
     symbolic link from /etc/X11/xdm/Xservers to /etc/opt/../kdm/Xservers, in
     order to use the same configuration file for xdm and kdm.               

Note Debian uses:                                                            
                                                                             
       * /etc/kde3/kdm/Xservers for kdm                                      
                                                                             
                                                                             
     you can make a backup copy of /etc/kde3/kdm/Xservers and make a symbolic
     link from /etc/X11/xdm/Xservers to /etc/kde3/kdm/Xservers, in order to  
     use the same configuration file for xdm and kdm.                        

Note Red Hat uses:                                                           
                                                                             
       * /etc/X11/XF86Config                                                 
                                                                             
                                                                             

For every additional X server you should add a single line. You can copy the
existing line, change the X server binary and display number, and append
-xf86config [your configuration file]. My original xdm/Xservers:
#####################################################################                            
                                                                                                 
# $XConsortium: Xserv.ws.cpp,v 1.3 93/09/28 14:30:30 gildea Exp $                                
#                                                                                                
#                                                                                                
# $XFree86: xc/programs/xdm/config/Xserv.ws.cpp,v 1.1.1.1.12.2 1998/10/04 15:23:14 hohndel Exp $ 
#                                                                                                
# Xservers file, workstation prototype                                                           
#                                                                                                
# This file should contain an entry to start the server on the                                   
# local display; if you have more than one display (not screen),                                 
# you can add entries to the list (one per line).  If you also                                   
# have some X terminals connected which do not support XDMCP,                                    
# you can add them here as well.  Each X terminal line should                                    
# look like:                                                                                     
#       XTerminalName:0 foreign                                                                  
#                                                                                                
:0 local /bin/nice -n -10 /usr/X11R6/bin/X :0 -deferglyphs 16 vt7                                
                                                                                                 
######################################################################                           
                                                                                                 

and the modified version:
######################################################################                           
                                                                                                 
# $XConsortium: Xserv.ws.cpp,v 1.3 93/09/28 14:30:30 gildea Exp $                                
#                                                                                                
#                                                                                                
# $XFree86: xc/programs/xdm/config/Xserv.ws.cpp,v 1.1.1.1.12.2 1998/10/04 15:23:14 hohndel Exp $ 
#                                                                                                
# Xservers file, workstation prototype                                                           
#                                                                                                
# This file should contain an entry to start the server on the                                   
# local display; if you have more than one display (not screen),                                 
# you can add entries to the list (one per line).  If you also                                   
# have some X terminals connected which do not support XDMCP,                                    
# you can add them here as well.  Each X terminal line should                                    
# look like:                                                                                     
#       XTerminalName:0 foreign                                                                  
#                                                                                                
                                                                                                 
:0 local /bin/nice -n -10 /usr/X11R6/bin/X0 :0 -deferglyphs 16 vt7                               
:1 local /bin/nice -n -10 /usr/X11R6/bin/X1 :1 -xf86config /etc/X11/XF86Config-4.TNT2 vt9        
                                                                                                 
#######################################################################                          
                                                                                                 

If you have more video cards just add more lines:
:2 local /bin/nice -n -10 /usr/X11R6/bin/X2 :2 -xf86config /etc/X11/XF86Config-4.[your 3rd card] vt16  
:3 local .....                                                                                         
                                                                                                       

If you use a single XFree configuration file :
######################################################################                           
                                                                                                 
# $XConsortium: Xserv.ws.cpp,v 1.3 93/09/28 14:30:30 gildea Exp $                                
#                                                                                                
#                                                                                                
# $XFree86: xc/programs/xdm/config/Xserv.ws.cpp,v 1.1.1.1.12.2 1998/10/04 15:23:14 hohndel Exp $ 
#                                                                                                
# Xservers file, workstation prototype                                                           
#                                                                                                
# This file should contain an entry to start the server on the                                   
# local display; if you have more than one display (not screen),                                 
# you can add entries to the list (one per line).  If you also                                   
# have some X terminals connected which do not support XDMCP,                                    
# you can add them here as well.  Each X terminal line should                                    
# look like:                                                                                     
#       XTerminalName:0 foreign                                                                  
#                                                                                                
                                                                                                 
:0 local /bin/nice -n -10 /usr/X11R6/bin/X0 :0 -layout first-Xserver -deferglyphs 16 vt7         
:1 local /bin/nice -n -10 /usr/X11R6/bin/X1 :1 -layout second-Xserver vt9                        
                                                                                                 
#######################################################################                          
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

6.2. Configuring gdm

gdm, as a complete rewrite of xdm, uses its own configuration file, /etc/X11/
gdm/gdm.conf. You should locate the definitions of the local X servers and
add additional X servers for the number of cards you have.

Note SuSE uses:                                                              
                                                                             
       * /etc/X11/XF86Config                                                 
                                                                             
       * /etc/opt/gnome2/gdm/gdm.conf for gdm2                               
                                                                             
                                                                             

Note Debian uses:                                                            
                                                                             
       * /etc/gdm/gdm.conf for gdm                                           
                                                                             
         /etc/X11/gdm/ is a symbolic link to /etc/gdm/, so you can use both  
         paths.                                                              
                                                                             
                                                                             

Note Red Hat uses:                                                           
                                                                             
       * /etc/X11/XF86Config                                                 
                                                                             
                                                                             

Modifications:
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

6.2.1. Changes, Part 1

 
.......                                                                      
[servers]                                                                    
# These are the standard servers.  You can add as many you want here         
# and they will always be started.  Each line must start with a unique       
# number and that will be the display number of that server.  Usually just   
# the 0 server is used.                                                      
0=Standard                                                                   
1=Second                                                                     
.......                                                                      
                                                                             
Here, you'll have only 0=Standard. For each additional X server you should
add a definition, like here, for 1=Second.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

6.2.2. Changes, Part 2

 
..............................                                                                 
# Definition of the standard X server.                                                         
[server-Standard]                                                                              
name=Standard server                                                                           
command=/usr/X11R6/bin/X0 :0 -deferglyphs 16 -ac vt7                                           
flexible=true                                                                                  
                                                                                               
[server-Second]                                                                                
name=Second server                                                                             
command=/usr/X11R6/bin/X1 :1 -deferglyphs 16 -xf86config /etc/X11/XF86Config-4.[your card] vt9 
flexible=true                                                                                  
..............................                                                                 
                                                                                               
And here, the exact definition of the command line for starting the X server,
very similar to the definitions in /etc/X11/xdm/Xservers (the definition of
[server-Second] is the additional one).

If you use a single XFree configuration file:
..............................                                               
# Definition of the standard X server.                                       
[server-Standard]                                                            
name=Standard server                                                         
command=/usr/X11R6/bin/X0 :0 -layout first-Xserver -deferglyphs 16 -ac vt7   
flexible=true                                                                
                                                                             
[server-Second]                                                              
name=Second server                                                           
command=/usr/X11R6/bin/X1 :1 -layout second-Xserver -deferglyphs 16 vt9      
flexible=true                                                                
..............................                                               
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

Chapter 7. Tweaking it

Adding customisation and automation.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

7.1. Using independent sound cards

Note In case you do not use devfs, you may need to create additional device  
     files. Take a look at [http://www.tldp.org/HOWTO/Sound-HOWTO/index.html]
     The Linux Sound HOWTO, for information on how to setup additional sound 
     cards.                                                                  
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

7.1.1. Using arts demon (artsd)

We have to specify different sound devices for the different Xsessions/
Displays. This is done by using the following options of artsd:

  * By OSS-free sound driver:
    -D /dev/dsp[n]                                                           
   
    where n is the number of the sound card.
   
  * By Alsa sound driver:
    -a alsa -D hw:[n],0                                                      
   
    where n is sound card id.
   

Add these lines to your Window Manager start-up script (of course, with the
proper arguments for your setup):
real_display=`echo $DISPLAY | sed "s/://" | sed "s/\..*//"`                  
case "$real_display" in                                                      
        0)                                                                   
        artsd -F 10 -S 4096 -D /dev/dsp -s 5 -m artsmessage -l 3 -f &        
        ;;                                                                   
        1)                                                                   
        artsd -F 10 -S 4096 -D /dev/dsp1 -s 5 -m artsmessage -l 3 -f &       
        ;;                                                                   
        2)                                                                   
        artsd -F 10 -S 4096 -a alsa -D hw:4,0 -s 5 -m artsmessage -l 3 -f &  
        ;;                                                                   
esac                                                                         
                                                                             

And at the end of the file:
artsshell -q terminate                                                       

Here is an example for /usr/X11R6/bin/startenlightenment:
#!/bin/sh                                                                    
#   License: GPL                                                             
                                                                             
real_display=`echo $DISPLAY | sed "s/://" | sed "s/\..*//"`                  
case "$real_display" in                                                      
        0)                                                                   
        artsd -F 10 -S 4096 -D /dev/dsp -s 5 -m artsmessage -l 3 -f &        
        ;;                                                                   
        1)                                                                   
        artsd -F 10 -S 4096 -D /dev/dsp1 -s 5 -m artsmessage -l 3 -f &       
        ;;                                                                   
        2)                                                                   
        artsd -F 10 -S 4096 -a alsa -D hw:2,0 -s 5 -m artsmessage -l 3 -f &  
        ;;                                                                   
esac                                                                         
                                                                             
/usr/X11R6/bin/enlightenment                                                 
artsshell -q terminate                                                       
                                                                             

This will start 3 arts demons for 3 X servers.

 1. Demon will use the first OSS sound device for the 1st X server.
   
 2. Demon will use the second OSS sound device for the 2nd X server.
   
 3. Demon will use the Alsa sound device for the 3rd X server (requires
    feedback).
   

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
7.2. Customising the login screen

7.2.1. Using xdm

Copy /etc/X11/xdm/Xsetup_0 to /etc/X11/xdm/Xsetup_1. For additional X
servers, create the file(s) /etc/X11/xdm/Xsetup_[n], where n is the number of
the X server starting from 0.

 1. Modify the line containing the background image, to adjust the path to
    your image for the 2nd X server:
    ....                                                                      
    if [ -r /usr/share/mdk/backgrounds/default.png -a -x /usr/bin/qiv ]; then 
        /usr/bin/qiv -z /usr/share/mdk/backgrounds/default.png                
    else                                                                      
        /usr/X11R6/bin/xsetroot -solid "#21449C"                              
    fi                                                                        
    ....                                                                      
                                                                              
   
    Modified:
    ....                                                                     
    if [ -r /usr/share/mdk/backgrounds/flower.jpg -a -x /usr/bin/qiv ]; then 
        /usr/bin/qiv -z /usr/share/mdk/backgrounds/flower.jpg                
    else                                                                     
        /usr/X11R6/bin/xsetroot -solid "#21449C"                             
    fi                                                                       
    ....                                                                     
                                                                             
   
    You can also specify a different background color, with:
    ....                                                                      
    #if [ -r /usr/share/mdk/backgrounds/flower.jpg -a -x /usr/bin/qiv ]; then 
    #    /usr/bin/qiv -z /usr/share/mdk/backgrounds/flower.jpg                
    #else                                                                     
        /usr/X11R6/bin/xsetroot -solid "[your color]"                         
    #fi                                                                       
    ....                                                                      
                                                                              
   
 2. Comment out the lines which may affect the primary X server, from:
    ....                                                                     
    if [ -x /etc/X11/xinit.d/numlock ]; then                                 
        /etc/X11/xinit.d/numlock &                                           
    fi                                                                       
    ....                                                                     
                                                                             
   
    to
    ....                                                                     
    #if [ -x /etc/X11/xinit.d/numlock ]; then                                
    #    /etc/X11/xinit.d/numlock &                                          
    #fi                                                                      
    ....                                                                     
                                                                             
   
 3. Inform xdm about the existence of Xsetup_1 by modifying /etc/X11/xdm/
    xdm-config:
    ......                                                                   
    ! The following three resources set up display :0 as the console.        
    DisplayManager._0.setup:        /etc/X11/xdm/Xsetup_0                    
    DisplayManager._0.startup:      /etc/X11/xdm/GiveConsole                 
    DisplayManager._0.reset:        /etc/X11/xdm/TakeConsole                 
    DisplayManager._0.startAttempts: 1                                       
    !                                                                        
    ......                                                                   
                                                                             
   
    Modified:
    ......                                                                   
    ! The following three resources set up display :0 as the console.        
    DisplayManager._1.setup:        /etc/X11/xdm/Xsetup_1                    
    DisplayManager._0.setup:        /etc/X11/xdm/Xsetup_0                    
    DisplayManager._0.startup:      /etc/X11/xdm/GiveConsole                 
    DisplayManager._0.reset:        /etc/X11/xdm/TakeConsole                 
    DisplayManager._0.startAttempts: 1                                       
    !                                                                        
    ......                                                                   
                                                                             
   
 4. Repeat the procedure for each additional X server.
   
 5. Check here for additional customising options: [http://
    www.linuxjournal.com/article.php?sid=3325] Linux-Journal Issue 68: Linux
    Apprentice: Customising the XDM Login Screen.
   

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
7.2.2. Using kdm

  * I'm not really sure. This area requires feedback.
   
    Modify /usr/share/config/kdm/kdmrc, from:
    ......                                                                   
    [X-:0-Core]                                                              
    Authorize=true                                                           
    AutoLogin1st=true                                                        
    AutoLoginEnable=false                                                    
    Reset=/etc/X11/xdm/TakeConsole                                           
    Setup=/etc/X11/xdm/Xsetup_0                                              
    Startup=/etc/X11/xdm/GiveConsole                                         
                                                                             
    [X-:1-Core]                                                              
    Authorize=true                                                           
    ......                                                                   
                                                                             
   
    to
    ......                                                                   
    [X-:0-Core]                                                              
    Authorize=true                                                           
    AutoLogin1st=true                                                        
    AutoLoginEnable=false                                                    
    Reset=/etc/X11/xdm/TakeConsole                                           
    Setup=/etc/X11/xdm/Xsetup_0                                              
    Startup=/etc/X11/xdm/GiveConsole                                         
                                                                             
    [X-:1-Core]                                                              
    Authorize=true                                                           
    #AutoLogin1st=true                                                       
    #AutoLoginEnable=false                                                   
    #Reset=/etc/X11/xdm/TakeConsole                                          
    Setup=/etc/X11/xdm/Xsetup_1                                              
    #Startup=/etc/X11/xdm/GiveConsole                                        
                                                                             
    #[X-:1-Core]                                                             
    #Authorize=true                                                          
    ......                                                                   
                                                                             
   
  * Check for additional customising options at the KDE Help Center.
   

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
7.2.3. Using gdm

This requires gdmlogin to be used instead of gdmgreater, because using
different themes for different displays is not yet implemented in gdm. In
case you want to use gdm themes you'll have the same theme on all displays.

 1. Switch to gdmlogin by making this changes in /etc/X11/gdm/gdm.conf
   
    From:
    .....                                                                     
    # Greeter for local (non-xdmcp) logins.  Change gdmlogin to gdmgreeter to 
    # get the new graphical greeter.                                          
    Greeter=/usr/bin/gdmgreeter                                               
    .....                                                                     
   
    to
    .....                                                                     
    # Greeter for local (non-xdmcp) logins.  Change gdmlogin to gdmgreeter to 
    # get the new graphical greeter.                                          
    Greeter=/usr/bin/gdmlogin                                                 
    .....                                                                     
   
 2. Copy the file /etc/X11/gdm/Init/Default to /etc/X11/gdm/Init/:0, and /etc
    /X11/gdm/Init/:1
   
 3. Add these lines to use the background that kdm uses (you can use another
    image file as well, just change the full path to it):
    if [ -r /usr/share/mdk/backgrounds/default.png -a -x /usr/bin/qiv ]; then  
        /usr/bin/qiv -z /usr/share/mdk/backgrounds/default.png                 
    else                                                                       
        /usr/X11R6/bin/xsetroot -solid "#21449C"                               
    fi                                                                         
                                                                               
   
    You can also specify a different background color, with:
    /usr/X11R6/bin/xsetroot -solid "[your color]"                            
   
    Modified:
   
    /etc/X11/gdm/Init/:0
    #!/bin/sh                                                                 
                                                                              
    if [ -r /usr/share/mdk/backgrounds/default.png -a -x /usr/bin/qiv ]; then 
        /usr/bin/qiv -z /usr/share/mdk/backgrounds/default.png                
    else                                                                      
        /usr/X11R6/bin/xsetroot -solid "#21449C"                              
    fi                                                                        
    if [ -x /etc/X11/xinit/fixkeyboard ]; then                                
        /etc/X11/xinit/fixkeyboard                                            
    fi                                                                        
                                                                              
    exit 0                                                                    
                                                                              
   
    /etc/X11/gdm/Init/:1
    #!/bin/sh                                                                
                                                                             
    if [ -r /usr/share/mdk/backgrounds/flower.jpg -a -x /usr/bin/qiv ]; then 
        /usr/bin/qiv -z /usr/share/mdk/backgrounds/flower.jpg                
    else                                                                     
        /usr/X11R6/bin/xsetroot -solid "#21449C"                             
    fi                                                                       
                                                                             
    if [ -x /etc/X11/xinit/fixkeyboard ]; then                               
        /etc/X11/xinit/fixkeyboard                                           
    fi                                                                       
                                                                             
    exit 0                                                                   
                                                                             
   
 4. Repeat the procedure for each additional X server, using file(s) /etc/X11
    /gdm/Init/:[n], where n is the number of the display.
   
 5. Check here for additional customising options: [http://www.ibiblio.org/
    oswg/oswg-nightly/oswg/en_US.ISO_8859-1/articles/gdm-reference/
    gdm-reference/] Gnome Display Manager Reference Manual.
   

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
7.3. 1st X server configuration file

A small part of the Mandrake init scripts /etc/rc.d/rc.sysinit (you can
append it to yours if you are missing something similar):
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
# (pixel) a kind of profile for XF86Config                                           
# if no XFree=XXX given on kernel command-line, restore XF86Config.standard          
for i in XF86Config XF86Config-4; do                                                 
    if [ -L "/etc/X11/$i" ]; then                                                    
        XFree=`sed -n 's/.*XFree=\(\w*\).*/\1/p' /proc/cmdline`                      
        [ -n "$XFree" ] || XFree=standard                                            
        [ -r "/etc/X11/$i.$XFree" ] && ln -sf "$i.$XFree" "/etc/X11/$i"              
    fi                                                                               
done                                                                                 
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
                                                                                     

Move your XF86Config-4 file (the one for standard kernel) to
XF86Config-4.standard, create a symbolic link from it to XF86Config-4, and
move the XF86Config-4 file (the one for Backstreet Ruby) to
XF86Config-4.bruby. For Ruby/Backstreet Ruby kernels, add to the append line
in /etc/lilo.conf, or on boot prompt "XFree=bruby", leave the standard kernel
as is.

Results:

Booting with "XFree=standard" or without "XFree=" (boot prompt or lilo.conf)
will result in linking XF86Config-4.standard to XF86Config-4; booting with 
"XFree=bruby" will link XF86Config-4.bruby to XF86Config-4, so in both
scenarios XFree can be started with the proper configuration file for the
first X server.

And what about the other X servers?

Under a standard kernel you cannot use several independent X servers, so you
should use the other XFree configuration files only under Ruby/Backstreet
Ruby - there is no need for different configuration files under standard &
bruby kernels.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

7.4. Number X servers started by Display managers

Here is a modified version of the previous approach. Add this to your init
scripts (I bet it's missing!):
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
#                                                                                        
#the same like XF86Config but for gdm.conf & Xservers                                    
#                                                                                        
for i in xdm/Xservers gdm/gdm.conf; do                                                   
    if [ -L "/etc/X11/$i" ]; then                                                        
        DumbCon=`sed -n 's/.*dumbcon=\([0-9]*\).*/\1/p' /proc/cmdline`                   
        [ -n "$DumbCon" ] || DumbCon=0                                                   
        [ -r "/etc/X11/$i.$DumbCon" ] && ln -sf "/etc/X11/$i.$DumbCon" "/etc/X11/$i"     
    fi                                                                                   
done                                                                                     
echo "Setting up display managers for `expr $DumbCon + 1` Xservers"                      
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
                                                                                         

This will adjust the proper /etc/X11/xdm/Xservers and /etc/X11/gdm/gdm.config
according to the boot line argument dumbcon=n (remember n+1= number of X
users/sessions).

You have to create the configuration files following these assumptions:

"i" only stands for /etc/X11/xdm/Xserver and /etc/X11/gdm/gdm.conf.

  * "i.0" is used for a single X server, when dumbcon=n is not specified, or
    dumbcon=0.
   
  * "i.1" is used by the display manager when dumbcon=1 is specified.
   
  * "i.2" is used by the display manager when dumbcon=2 is specified.
   
  * "i.3" is used by the display manager when dumbcon=3 is specified.
   

...and so on.

Therefore:

  * "i.0" should contain the definition only of your original standard X
    server.
   
  * "i.1" should contain the definitions for 2 X servers.
   
  * "i.2" should contain the definitions for 3 X servers.
   
  * ...and so on.
   

If you boot without dumbcon=n or with dumbcon=0 (for example a standard
kernel), your display manager will start a single X server with the
corresponding XF86Config file.

If you start with dumbcon=1 the display manager will automatically start 2 X
servers.

If you start with dumbcon=2, when booting is finished you'll get 3 login
prompts on your 3 displays.

Keep in mind that each X server should have it's own configuration file, and
it should be specified in the display manager configuration file properly.
Take a look at the configuration files before restarting with an activated
display manager and this addition to your init scripts.

This can also be used if you have a single XFree configuration file (see 
Section 4.5, "For graphic cards without DRI"). In this case you will have to
specify the correct layout instead of the correct XFree configuration file.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

7.5. Dynamically switching the number of X servers

There is a very experimental GUI/CLI for dynamically switching the number of
running X servers. It uses the automatic configuration of the display
managers (mentioned in Section 7.1), Python, dialog for the CLI, and Xdialog
for the GUI.

Once it is more tested and bug-free, you could, for example, use it under
Backstreet Ruby to switch between 2, 3 or more X servers and a single X
server using Xinerama. So when your PC isn't used by more then one user, you
could use the other monitors under Xinerama. Or one more funny example:
you're simulating net gaming with a number of friends on your bruby Linux PC,
you have invested a bit more in an additional graphic card which is already
configured, but you don't have enough money right now to buy one more monitor
and keyboard/mouse pair. One friend of yours comes and says, "Hey guys,
that's cool. Can I join?" What would you answer? Using the GUI could result
in the following answer from your side: "No problem, just bring your
monitor,keyboard and mouse."

If you are feeling like a hacker and want to try out this BUGGY GUI/CLI,
check the current status at [http://varna.demon.co.uk/~svetlio/ruby-contrib/
bruby-python/] http://varna.demon.co.uk/~svetlio/ruby-contrib/bruby-python/.
But remember, it's not very tested, and if not configured properly it can
cause you serious troubles. Please wait until it is more stable if you are
not that familiar with Linux. If you feel comfortable enough under Linux, and
think of yourself as a hacker, please help in testing it and making it
better, bug-free and easy to configure.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Chapter 8. Known problems

8.1. Hardware problems

While not exactly problems, some graphic cards do not work well, or even at
all in multi-user environments.

If you are building such a system from the beginning, check the Video
Compatibility list before buying video hardware.

Sometimes secondary graphic card(s) (for now reported only by Nvidia owners)
will refuse to start, even if they have worked flowlessly for months. One of
the following sollutions should fix the problem:

  * Running /usr/X11R6/bin/X -probeonly on the secondary card(s) before
    initializing/ starting XFree on the primary graphic card.
   
    Some examples:
   
    /usr/X11R6/bin/X -probeonly -layout X2
   
    /usr/X11R6/bin/X -probeonly -layout X1
   
    or:
   
    /usr/X11R6/bin/X -probeonly -xf86config /etc/X11/XF86Config-4.X2
   
    /usr/X11R6/bin/X -probeonly -xf86config /etc/X11/XF86Config-4.X1
   
  * Switching the secondary graphic card to primary, starting the system (to
    initialize the card as primary), and reverting the card to secondary.
   
  * In case this is the only secondary card, you may try switching the order
    of the graphic cards permanently.
   

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
8.2. Software problems

For details on solving software problems see Chapter 9, "Special notes on
some distributions."
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

8.2.1. Incompatible userspace program:s

 1. gpm - freezy mouse under XFree86. With the current XFree86 you are losing
    VGA virtual consoles anyway.
   
    Recommended: disable.
   
 2. RedHat 8.0/9 - /bin/sysfont:
   
    You can use RedHat 7.3 consolechars instead.
   
 3. SuSE 8.1 - /etc/init.d/hwscan:
   
    Recommended: disable. If you have to install new hardware and want to use
    this service, boot with standard kernel and start it manually.
   

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
8.2.2. Tweaks needed

 1. Mandrake 9.1 - /etc/init.d/numlock:
   
    You should change the lines including "/dev/tty[0-8]" to "/dev/tty[0-7]".
   
 2. SuSE 8.1 - /etc/init.d/kbd:
   
    Add this line in the very beginning of the file:
    KBD_TTY="tty0 tty2 tty3 tty4 tty5 tty6 tty7"                             
   

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Chapter 9. Special notes on some distributions

9.1. Mandrake

Almost everything is easy to accomplish (probably because I've used it for
2-3 years, at least).

 1. Just a small tweak in /etc/init.d/numlock:
    --- /etc/init.d/numlock.orig    2003-04-11 00:58:55.000000000 +0200      
    +++ /etc/init.d/numlock 2003-03-19 13:03:30.000000000 +0100              
    @@ -21,14 +21,14 @@                                                      
            echo                                                             
            touch $SYSCONF_FILE                                              
                                                                             
    -       for tty in /dev/tty[0-8]; do                                     
    +       for tty in /dev/tty[0-7]; do                                     
                    setleds -D +num < $tty                                   
            done                                                             
                                                                             
            ;;                                                               
       stop)                                                                 
            gprintf "Disabling numlocks on ttys: "                           
    -       for tty in /dev/tty[0-8]; do                                     
    +       for tty in /dev/tty[0-7]; do                                     
                    setleds -D -num < $tty                                   
            done                                                             
            echo_success                                                     
                                                                             
   

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
9.2. Red Hat

 1. Replacing sysfont with consolechars.
   
    < needs to be written >
   
    Rebuild console-tools-19990829-40.src.rpm using rpmbuild --rebuild
    console-tools-19990829-40.src.rpm. You can find the source rpm on [http:/
    /www.rpmfind.net] http://www.rpmfind.net).
   
    Then install it:
   
    rpm -Uvh /usr/src/redhat/RPMS/i386/console-tools-19990829-40.i386.rpm
   
    I still seem to have some kind of problem, because on the console I
    always get:
   
       findfont no such file or directory unable to setfont xxx
   
    But everything else seems okay.
   

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
9.3. Debian

There are no known problems.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

9.4. SuSE

 1. In /etc/init.d/kbd, add this line in the very beginning of the file:
    KBD_TTY="tty0 tty2 tty3 tty4 tty5 tty6 tty7"                             
   
    After modifications:
    #! /bin/sh                                                                
    # Copyright (c) 1995-2001 SuSE GmbH Nuernberg, Germany.                   
    #                                                                         
    # Author:   Burchard Steinbild <bs@suse.de>                               
    #           Werner Fink <werner@suse.de>                                  
    #                                                                         
    # /etc/init.d/kbd                                                         
    #                                                                         
    #   and symbolic its link                                                 
    #                                                                         
    # /sbin/rckbd                                                             
    #                                                                         
    ### BEGIN INIT INFO                                                       
    # Provides:       kbd                                                     
    # Required-Start: $remote_fs                                              
    # Required-Stop:                                                          
    # X-SuSE-Should-Start:  fbset serial                                      
    # X-SuSE-Should-Stop:                                                     
    # Default-Start:  1 2 3 5 S                                               
    # Default-Stop:                                                           
    # Description:    Keyboard settings (don't disable!)                      
    ### END INIT INFO                                                         
                                                                              
    . /etc/rc.status                                                          
    . /etc/sysconfig/console                                                  
    . /etc/sysconfig/keyboard                                                 
                                                                              
    MACHINE=`/bin/uname -m 2> /dev/null`                                      
    if [ "$MACHINE" = "sparc" -o "$MACHINE" = "sparc64" ]; then               
       # Test if we have a serial console.                                    
       (test -c /dev/tty1 && > /dev/tty1 ) > /dev/null 2>&1 || exit 0         
    fi                                                                        
                                                                              
    # The variable NON_SUSE_KERNEL determines whether we need to chvt         
    # to a console before some console settings apply.                        
    # We have no magic to find out about this (at boot time), so we           
    # leave it to the user to read this comment and put NON_SUSE_KERNEL="yes" 
    # into /etc/sysconfig/console                                             
                                                                              
    KBDBASE="/usr/share/kbd"                                                  
                                                                              
    KBD_TTY="tty0 tty2 tty3 tty4 tty5 tty6 tty7"                              
    KTABLE=${KEYTABLE%.map*}                                                  
    KTABLE=${KTABLE##*/}                                                      
    #                                                                         
    # first search the wanted keytable.                                       
    #                                                                         
    if [ $MACHINE = ppc -o $MACHINE = ppc64 ]; then                           
            test -f /proc/cpuinfo || mount -n -t proc proc /proc 2>/dev/null  
            while read line; do                                               
    ......                                                                    
    ......                                                                    
                                                                              
   
 2. Hardware scans sometimes cause problems.
   
    Recommended: disable. If you have to install new hardware and want to use
    this service, boot with standard kernel and start it manually.
   

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Chapter 10. Final words

Have some comments? Send them to Svetoslav Slavtchev, <svetoslav (at)
users.sourcefourge.net>.

Difficulty understanding the HOWTO? Some parts are not clear? Drop a line to
the above address.

In case you experiance troubles in configuring the system, feel free to
contact me or the linuxcosnole mailing list.

Please send as much details as possible, the most important information would
be (from a running Backstreet Ruby kernel):

  * output from dmesg
   
  * output from lsmod
   
  * output from cat /proc/bus/console/*/*
   
  * contents of /proc/bus/input/devices
   
  * contents of /proc/bus/usb/devices
   
  * contents of the XFree86 log files /var/log/XFree86.[n].log
   

You got it running? Congratulations! Drop a line, give some details on your
configuration and attach your XFree configuration files.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

Appendix A. Video Compatibility list

This is an extract from the Video Compatibility list at the Backstreet Ruby
home page.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

A.1. Graphic card pairs/triples that work perfectly

A.1.1. Modified X server not needed

Voodoo Graphics (glide) + Voodoo 3 (pci)(tdfx)

Voodoo Graphics (glide) + Riva TNT2 M64 (agp)(nvidia)

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
A.1.2. Modified X server needed

ATI Radeon 7000(AGP)+ Matrox Mystique (PCI)

AGP S3 Inc. 86c368[Trio 3D/2X]+Matrox MGA1064SG[Mystique] (PCI)

Nvidia cards

Riva TNT (PCI+PCI+AGP)

Riva TNT2 M64 (pci)(nvidia) + Riva TNT2 M64 (pci)(nvidia)

Nvidia GeForce2MX(PCI) + GeForce2MX(PCI) + GeForce2MX(PCI) + GeForce2MX(PCI)

Works fine. DRI + Nvidia GLX works too.

Voodoo 3 (pci)(tdfx) + Riva TNT2 M64 (agp)(nvidia)

ATI Radeon 7500(AGP) + Nvidia TNT2(PCI)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

A.2. Graphic card pairs/triples that work, but with some glitches

  * Generally the X server driving the AGP card has to be started first.
   
    This can be acomplished by manually starting X or using gdm as desktop
    manager. You'll have to abstain from using xdm or kdm, as they start the
    X servers at the same time.
   
  * AGP sever restart leads to system crashes. In gdm.conf, set
    AlwaysRestartServer=false.
   
  * The new X server patch (XFree-4.3-prefbusid) fixes most of the problems.
    In case the X servers are started in the right order there are no lock
    ups.
   

Nvidia TNT2(AGP) + Matrox Mystique(PCI)

Nvidia TNT2(AGP) + S3 VIRGE/DX(PCI)

Nvidia GeForce4MX440(AGP) + TNT2M64(PCI) + TNT2M64(PCI)

Matrox MGAG400(AGP) + Matrox MGA1064SG[Mystique]PCI

Matrox MGAG450DH(AGP) + ATI Mach 64(PCI)

Matrox MGAG550DH(AGP) + Riva TNT2-M64(PCI)

Matrox MGAG550DH(AGP) + Geforce4 420(PCI)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

Appendix B. Example configuration files

For more examples visit [http://varna.demon.co.uk/~svetlio/examples/] http://
varna.demon.co.uk/~svetlio/examples/.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

B.1. XFree86

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
B.1.1. 1st XFree server configuration file

# File generated by XFdrake.                                                        
                                                                                    
# **********************************************************************            
# Refer to the XF86Config(4/5) man page for details about the format of             
# this file.                                                                        
# **********************************************************************            
                                                                                    
Section "Files"                                                                     
                                                                                    
    RgbPath     "/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/rgb"                                            
                                                                                    
# Multiple FontPath entries are allowed (they are concatenated together)            
# By default, Mandrake 6.0 and later now use a font server independent of           
# the X server to render fonts.                                                     
                                                                                    
                                                                                    
EndSection                                                                          
                                                                                    
# **********************************************************************            
# Server flags section.                                                             
# **********************************************************************            
                                                                                    
Section "ServerFlags"                                                               
                                                                                    
    # Uncomment this to cause a core dump at the spot where a signal is             
    # received.  This may leave the console in an unusable state, but may           
    # provide a better stack trace in the core dump to aid in debugging             
    #NoTrapSignals                                                                  
                                                                                    
    # Uncomment this to disable the <Crtl><Alt><BS> server abort sequence           
    # This allows clients to receive this key event.                                
    #DontZap                                                                        
                                                                                    
    # Uncomment this to disable the <Crtl><Alt><KP_+>/<KP_-> mode switching         
    # sequences.  This allows clients to receive these key events.                  
    #DontZoom                                                                       
                                                                                    
    # This  allows  the  server  to start up even if the                            
    # mouse device can't be opened/initialised.                                     
    AllowMouseOpenFail                                                              
                                                                                    
EndSection                                                                          
                                                                                    
# **********************************************************************            
# Input devices                                                                     
# **********************************************************************            
                                                                                    
# **********************************************************************            
# Keyboard section                                                                  
# **********************************************************************            
                                                                                    
Section "InputDevice"                                                               
                                                                                    
    Identifier "Keyboard1"                                                          
    Driver      "Keyboard"                                                          
    Option "AutoRepeat"  "250 30"                                                   
                                                                                    
    Option "XkbRules" "xfree86"                                                     
    Option "XkbModel" "pc105"                                                       
    Option "XkbLayout" "de(nodeadkeys)"                                             
                                                                                    
EndSection                                                                          
                                                                                    
# **********************************************************************            
# Pointer section                                                                   
# **********************************************************************            
                                                                                    
Section "InputDevice"                                                               
                                                                                    
    Identifier  "Mouse1"                                                            
    Driver      "mouse"                                                             
    Option "Protocol"    "IMPS/2"                                                   
#    Option "Device"      "/dev/psaux"                                              
    Option "Device"      "/dev/input/mouse1"                                        
    Option "ZAxisMapping" "4 5"                                                     
                                                                                    
# ChordMiddle is an option for some 3-button Logitech mice                          
    Option "Emulate3Buttons"                                                        
#    Option "ChordMiddle"                                                           
                                                                                    
EndSection                                                                          
                                                                                    
                                                                                    
                                                                                    
Section "Module"                                                                    
                                                                                    
# This loads the DBE extension module.                                              
    Load        "dbe"                                                               
    Load        "GLcore"                                                            
#    Load       "dga"                                                               
    Load        "glx"                                                               
    Load        "extmod"                                                            
    Load        "dri"                                                               
# pass two from mga mailing-lists                                                   
#    Load       "pex5"                                                              
#    Load       "xie"                                                               
    Load        "bitmap"                                                            
    Load        "record"                                                            
    Load        "vbe"                                                               
    Load        "int10"                                                             
# end pass two mga mailing-lists                                                    
                                                                                    
                                                                                    
# This loads the Video for Linux module.                                            
    Load        "v4l"                                                               
                                                                                    
                                                                                    
# This loads the miscellaneous extensions module, and disables                      
# initialisation of the XFree86-DGA extension within that module.                   
                                                                                    
    SubSection  "extmod"                                                            
        #Option "omit xfree86-dga"                                                  
    EndSubSection                                                                   
                                                                                    
# This loads the Type1 and FreeType font modules                                    
                                                                                    
    Load        "type1"                                                             
    Load        "freetype"                                                          
EndSection                                                                          
                                                                                    
Section "DRI"                                                                       
    Mode        0666                                                                
EndSection                                                                          
                                                                                    
# **********************************************************************            
# Monitor section                                                                   
# **********************************************************************            
                                                                                    
# Any number of monitor sections may be present                                     
                                                                                    
Section "Monitor"                                                                   
    Identifier "Generic|Monitor that can do 1600x1200 at 70 Hz"                     
    VendorName "Unknown"                                                            
    ModelName  "Unknown"                                                            
                                                                                    
                                                                                    
# HorizSync is in kHz unless units are specified.                                   
# HorizSync may be a comma separated list of discrete values, or a                  
# comma separated list of ranges of values.                                         
# NOTE: THE VALUES HERE ARE EXAMPLES ONLY.  REFER TO YOUR MONITOR'S                 
# USER MANUAL FOR THE CORRECT NUMBERS.                                              
    HorizSync  30-98                                                                
                                                                                    
                                                                                    
# VertRefresh is in Hz unless units are specified.                                  
# VertRefresh may be a comma separated list of discrete values, or a                
# comma separated list of ranges of values.                                         
# NOTE: THE VALUES HERE ARE EXAMPLES ONLY.  REFER TO YOUR MONITOR'S                 
# USER MANUAL FOR THE CORRECT NUMBERS.                                              
    VertRefresh 50-160                                                              
                                                                                    
                                                                                    
# This is a set of extended mode timings typically used for laptop,                 
# TV fullscreen mode or DVD fullscreen output.                                      
# These are available along with standard mode timings.                             
                                                                                    
# Sony Vaio C1(X,XS,VE,VN)?                                                         
# 1024x480 @ 85.6 Hz, 48 kHz hsync                                                  
ModeLine "1024x480"    65.00 1024 1032 1176 1344   480  488  494  563 -hsync -vsync 
                                                                                    
# 768x576 @ 79 Hz, 50 kHz hsync                                                     
ModeLine "768x576"     50.00  768  832  846 1000   576  590  595  630               
# 768x576 @ 100 Hz, 61.6 kHz hsync                                                  
ModeLine "768x576"     63.07  768  800  960 1024   576  578  590  616               
                                                                                    
                                                                                    
EndSection                                                                          
                                                                                    
                                                                                    
Section "Monitor"                                                                   
    Identifier "monitor2"                                                           
    VendorName "Unknown"                                                            
    ModelName  "Unknown"                                                            
                                                                                    
    HorizSync   30-98                                                               
    VertRefresh 50-160                                                              
EndSection                                                                          
                                                                                    
                                                                                    
Section "Monitor"                                                                   
    Identifier "monitor3"                                                           
    VendorName "Unknown"                                                            
    ModelName  "Unknown"                                                            
                                                                                    
    HorizSync   31.5-60.0                                                           
    VertRefresh 56.0-75.0                                                           
EndSection                                                                          
                                                                                    
                                                                                    
                                                                                    
# **********************************************************************            
# Graphics device section                                                           
# **********************************************************************            
                                                                                    
Section "Device"                                                                    
    Identifier "Generic VGA"                                                        
    Driver     "vga"                                                                
EndSection                                                                          
                                                                                    
                                                                                    
Section "Device"                                                                    
    Identifier  "g550_1"                                                            
    VendorName  ""                                                                  
    BoardName   ""                                                                  
    Driver      "mga"                                                               
    # Clock lines                                                                   
                                                                                    
                                                                                    
    # Uncomment following option if you see a big white block                       
    # instead of the cursor!                                                        
    #    Option      "sw_cursor"                                                    
    Option      "AGPMode" "4"                                                       
#    Option      "HWCursor" "Off"                                                   
    Option      "HWCursor" "On"                                                     
    Option      "MGASDRAM" "On"                                                     
    Option      "DPMS"  "Off"                                                       
    # Screen 0                                                                      
    BusID       "PCI:1:0:0"                                                         
EndSection                                                                          
                                                                                    
                                                                                    
Section "Device"                                                                    
    Identifier  "g550_2"                                                            
    VendorName  ""                                                                  
    BoardName   ""                                                                  
    Driver      "mga"                                                               
    # Clock lines                                                                   
                                                                                    
                                                                                    
    # Uncomment following option if you see a big white block                       
    # instead of the cursor!                                                        
    #    Option      "sw_cursor"                                                    
    Option      "AGPMode" "4"                                                       
    Option      "MGASDRAM" "On"                                                     
#    Option      "HWCursor" "Off"                                                   
    Option      "HWCursor" "On"                                                     
    Option      "DPMS"  "Off"                                                       
    # Screen 1                                                                      
    BusID       "PCI:1:0:0"                                                         
EndSection                                                                          
                                                                                    
                                                                                    
                                                                                    
# **********************************************************************            
# Screen sections                                                                   
# **********************************************************************            
                                                                                    
Section "Screen"                                                                    
    Identifier "screen1"                                                            
    Device      "g550_1"                                                            
    Monitor     "monitor2"                                                          
    DefaultColorDepth 16                                                            
    Subsection "Display"                                                            
        Depth       8                                                               
        Modes       "1280x1024" "1024x768" "800x600" "640x480"                      
        ViewPort    0 0                                                             
    EndSubsection                                                                   
    Subsection "Display"                                                            
        Depth       15                                                              
        Modes       "1280x1024" "1024x768" "800x600" "640x480"                      
        ViewPort    0 0                                                             
    EndSubsection                                                                   
    Subsection "Display"                                                            
        Depth       16                                                              
        Modes       "1280x1024" "1024x768" "800x600" "640x480"                      
        ViewPort    0 0                                                             
    EndSubsection                                                                   
    Subsection "Display"                                                            
        Depth       24                                                              
        Modes       "1280x1024" "1024x768" "800x600" "640x480"                      
        ViewPort    0 0                                                             
    EndSubsection                                                                   
EndSection                                                                          
                                                                                    
                                                                                    
Section "ServerLayout"                                                              
    Identifier "layout1"                                                            
    Screen     "screen1"                                                            
                                                                                    
    InputDevice "Mouse1" "CorePointer"                                              
    InputDevice "Keyboard1" "CoreKeyboard"                                          
EndSection                                                                          
                                                                                    
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

B.1.2. 2nd XFree server configuration file

# File generated by XFdrake.                                                        
                                                                                    
# **********************************************************************            
# Refer to the XF86Config(4/5) man page for details about the format of             
# this file.                                                                        
# **********************************************************************            
                                                                                    
Section "Files"                                                                     
                                                                                    
    RgbPath     "/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/rgb"                                            
    ModulePath  "/usr/X11R6/libNV/modules"                                          
# Multiple FontPath entries are allowed (they are concatenated together)            
# By default, Mandrake 6.0 and later now use a font server independent of           
# the X server to render fonts.                                                     
                                                                                    
                                                                                    
EndSection                                                                          
                                                                                    
# **********************************************************************            
# Server flags section.                                                             
# **********************************************************************            
                                                                                    
Section "ServerFlags"                                                               
                                                                                    
    # Uncomment this to cause a core dump at the spot where a signal is             
    # received.  This may leave the console in an unusable state, but may           
    # provide a better stack trace in the core dump to aid in debugging             
    #NoTrapSignals                                                                  
                                                                                    
    # Uncomment this to disable the <Crtl><Alt><BS> server abort sequence           
    # This allows clients to receive this key event.                                
    #DontZap                                                                        
                                                                                    
    # Uncomment this to disable the <Crtl><Alt><KP_+>/<KP_-> mode switching         
    # sequences.  This allows clients to receive these key events.                  
    #DontZoom                                                                       
                                                                                    
    # This  allows  the  server  to start up even if the                            
    # mouse device can't be opened/initialised.                                     
    AllowMouseOpenFail                                                              
                                                                                    
EndSection                                                                          
                                                                                    
# **********************************************************************            
# Input devices                                                                     
# **********************************************************************            
                                                                                    
# **********************************************************************            
# Keyboard section                                                                  
# **********************************************************************            
                                                                                    
Section "InputDevice"                                                               
                                                                                    
    Identifier "Keyboard1"                                                          
    Driver      "Keyboard"                                                          
    Option "AutoRepeat"  "250 30"                                                   
                                                                                    
    Option "XkbRules" "xfree86"                                                     
    Option "XkbModel" "pc105"                                                       
    Option "XkbLayout" "de(nodeadkeys)"                                             
                                                                                    
EndSection                                                                          
                                                                                    
# **********************************************************************            
# Pointer section                                                                   
# **********************************************************************            
                                                                                    
Section "InputDevice"                                                               
                                                                                    
    Identifier  "Mouse1"                                                            
    Driver      "mouse"                                                             
    Option "Protocol"    "PS/2"                                                     
    Option "Device"      "/dev/input/mouse0"                                        
    Option "Emulate3Buttons"                                                        
#    Option "ZAxisMapping" "4 5"                                                    
                                                                                    
# ChordMiddle is an option for some 3-button Logitech mice                          
                                                                                    
#    Option "ChordMiddle"                                                           
                                                                                    
EndSection                                                                          
                                                                                    
                                                                                    
Section "Module"                                                                    
                                                                                    
# This loads the DBE extension module.                                              
    Load        "dbe"                                                               
    Load        "glx"                                                               
    Load        "vbe"                                                               
    Load        "int10"                                                             
                                                                                    
# This loads the Video for Linux module.                                            
#    Load        "v4l"                                                              
                                                                                    
                                                                                    
# This loads the miscellaneous extensions module, and disables                      
# initialisation of the XFree86-DGA extension within that module.                   
                                                                                    
    SubSection  "extmod"                                                            
        #Option "omit xfree86-dga"                                                  
    EndSubSection                                                                   
                                                                                    
# This loads the Type1 and FreeType font modules                                    
                                                                                    
    Load        "type1"                                                             
    Load        "freetype"                                                          
EndSection                                                                          
                                                                                    
#Section "DRI"                                                                      
#    Mode       0666                                                                
#EndSection                                                                         
                                                                                    
# **********************************************************************            
# Monitor section                                                                   
# **********************************************************************            
                                                                                    
# Any number of monitor sections may be present                                     
                                                                                    
Section "Monitor"                                                                   
    Identifier "Generic|Monitor that can do 1600x1200 at 70 Hz"                     
    VendorName "Unknown"                                                            
    ModelName  "Unknown"                                                            
                                                                                    
                                                                                    
# HorizSync is in kHz unless units are specified.                                   
# HorizSync may be a comma separated list of discrete values, or a                  
# comma separated list of ranges of values.                                         
# NOTE: THE VALUES HERE ARE EXAMPLES ONLY.  REFER TO YOUR MONITOR'S                 
# USER MANUAL FOR THE CORRECT NUMBERS.                                              
    HorizSync  30-98                                                                
                                                                                    
                                                                                    
# VertRefresh is in Hz unless units are specified.                                  
# VertRefresh may be a comma separated list of discrete values, or a                
# comma separated list of ranges of values.                                         
# NOTE: THE VALUES HERE ARE EXAMPLES ONLY.  REFER TO YOUR MONITOR'S                 
# USER MANUAL FOR THE CORRECT NUMBERS.                                              
    VertRefresh 50-160                                                              
                                                                                    
                                                                                    
# This is a set of extended mode timings typically used for laptop,                 
# TV fullscreen mode or DVD fullscreen output.                                      
# These are available along with standard mode timings.                             
                                                                                    
# Sony Vaio C1(X,XS,VE,VN)?                                                         
# 1024x480 @ 85.6 Hz, 48 kHz hsync                                                  
ModeLine "1024x480"    65.00 1024 1032 1176 1344   480  488  494  563 -hsync -vsync 
                                                                                    
# 768x576 @ 79 Hz, 50 kHz hsync                                                     
ModeLine "768x576"     50.00  768  832  846 1000   576  590  595  630               
# 768x576 @ 100 Hz, 61.6 kHz hsync                                                  
ModeLine "768x576"     63.07  768  800  960 1024   576  578  590  616               
                                                                                    
                                                                                    
EndSection                                                                          
                                                                                    
                                                                                    
Section "Monitor"                                                                   
    Identifier "monitor2"                                                           
    VendorName "Unknown"                                                            
    ModelName  "Unknown"                                                            
                                                                                    
#    HorizSync   30-98                                                              
#    VertRefresh 50-160                                                             
                                                                                    
    HorizSync   30-50                                                               
    VertRefresh 50-120                                                              
EndSection                                                                          
                                                                                    
                                                                                    
                                                                                    
# **********************************************************************            
# Graphics device section                                                           
# **********************************************************************            
                                                                                    
Section "Device"                                                                    
    Identifier "Generic VGA"                                                        
    Driver     "vga"                                                                
EndSection                                                                          
                                                                                    
Section "Device"                                                                    
    Identifier  "nv"                                                                
    VendorName  ""                                                                  
    BoardName   ""                                                                  
    Driver      "nvidia"                                                            
    # Clock lines                                                                   
                                                                                    
                                                                                    
    # Uncomment following option if you see a big white block                       
    # instead of the cursor!                                                        
    #    Option      "sw_cursor"                                                    
    Option      "UseInt10Module" "off"                                              
    Option      "ConnectedMonitor" "CRT"                                            
    Option      "IgnoreEDID" "off"                                                  
    Option      "HWCursor" "on"                                                     
                                                                                    
    Option      "DPMS"  "Off"                                                       
    Option      "NoLogo" "On"                                                       
    BusID       "PCI:0:10:0"                                                        
EndSection                                                                          
                                                                                    
                                                                                    
# **********************************************************************            
# Screen sections                                                                   
# **********************************************************************            
                                                                                    
Section "Screen"                                                                    
    Identifier "screen1"                                                            
    Device      "nv"                                                                
    Monitor     "monitor2"                                                          
    DefaultColorDepth 24                                                            
    Subsection "Display"                                                            
        Depth       8                                                               
        Modes       "800x600" "640x480"                                             
        ViewPort    0 0                                                             
    EndSubsection                                                                   
    Subsection "Display"                                                            
        Depth       15                                                              
        Modes       "800x600" "640x480"                                             
        ViewPort    0 0                                                             
    EndSubsection                                                                   
    Subsection "Display"                                                            
        Depth       16                                                              
        Modes       "800x600" "640x480"                                             
        ViewPort    0 0                                                             
    EndSubsection                                                                   
    Subsection "Display"                                                            
        Depth       24                                                              
        Modes       "1024x768" "800x600" "640x480"                                  
        ViewPort    0 0                                                             
    EndSubsection                                                                   
    Subsection "Display"                                                            
        Depth       32                                                              
        Modes       "1280x1024" "800x600" "640x480"                                 
        ViewPort    0 0                                                             
    EndSubsection                                                                   
EndSection                                                                          
                                                                                    
                                                                                    
Section "ServerLayout"                                                              
    Identifier "layout1"                                                            
    Screen     "screen1"                                                            
                                                                                    
    InputDevice "Mouse1" "CorePointer"                                              
                                                                                    
    InputDevice "Keyboard1" "CoreKeyboard"                                          
                                                                                    
EndSection                                                                          
                                                                                    
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

B.2. Display managers

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
B.2.1. xdm and kdm

/etc/X11/xdm/Xservers.0
# $XConsortium: Xserv.ws.cpp,v 1.3 93/09/28 14:30:30 gildea Exp $                                
#                                                                                                
#                                                                                                
# $XFree86: xc/programs/xdm/config/Xserv.ws.cpp,v 1.1.1.1.12.2 1998/10/04 15:23:14 hohndel Exp $ 
#                                                                                                
# Xservers file, workstation prototype                                                           
#                                                                                                
# This file should contain an entry to start the server on the                                   
# local display; if you have more than one display (not screen),                                 
# you can add entries to the list (one per line).  If you also                                   
# have some X terminals connected which do not support XDMCP,                                    
# you can add them here as well.  Each X terminal line should                                    
# look like:                                                                                     
#       XTerminalName:0 foreign                                                                  
#                                                                                                
:0 local /bin/nice -n -10 /usr/X11R6/bin/X -deferglyphs 16                                       
                                                                                                 

/etc/X11/xdm/Xservers.1
# $XConsortium: Xserv.ws.cpp,v 1.3 93/09/28 14:30:30 gildea Exp $                                       
#                                                                                                       
#                                                                                                       
# $XFree86: xc/programs/xdm/config/Xserv.ws.cpp,v 1.1.1.1.12.2 1998/10/04 15:23:14 hohndel Exp $        
#                                                                                                       
# Xservers file, workstation prototype                                                                  
#                                                                                                       
# This file should contain an entry to start the server on the                                          
# local display; if you have more than one display (not screen),                                        
# you can add entries to the list (one per line).  If you also                                          
# have some X terminals connected which do not support XDMCP,                                           
# you can add them here as well.  Each X terminal line should                                           
# look like:                                                                                            
#       XTerminalName:0 foreign                                                                         
#                                                                                                       
:0 local /bin/nice -n -10 /usr/X11R6/bin/X0 :0 -deferglyphs 16 vt7                                      
:1 local /bin/nice -n -10 /usr/X11R6/bin/X1 :1 -xf86config /etc/X11/XF86Config-4.X1 -deferglyphs 16 vt9 
                                                                                                        

(Not really used by me.)

/etc/X11/xdm/Xservers.2
# $XConsortium: Xserv.ws.cpp,v 1.3 93/09/28 14:30:30 gildea Exp $                                        
#                                                                                                        
#                                                                                                        
# $XFree86: xc/programs/xdm/config/Xserv.ws.cpp,v 1.1.1.1.12.2 1998/10/04 15:23:14 hohndel Exp $         
#                                                                                                        
# Xservers file, workstation prototype                                                                   
#                                                                                                        
# This file should contain an entry to start the server on the                                           
# local display; if you have more than one display (not screen),                                         
# you can add entries to the list (one per line).  If you also                                           
# have some X terminals connected which do not support XDMCP,                                            
# you can add them here as well.  Each X terminal line should                                            
# look like:                                                                                             
#       XTerminalName:0 foreign                                                                          
#                                                                                                        
:0 local /bin/nice -n -10 /usr/X11R6/bin/X0 :0 -deferglyphs 16 vt7                                       
:1 local /bin/nice -n -10 /usr/X11R6/bin/X1 :1 -xf86config /etc/X11/XF86Config-4.X1 -deferglyphs 16 vt9  
:2 local /bin/nice -n -10 /usr/X11R6/bin/X2 :2 -xf86config /etc/X11/XF86Config-4.X2 -deferglyphs 16 vt17 
                                                                                                         
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

B.2.2. gdm

/etc/X11/gdm/gdm.conf.0
# GDM Configuration file.  You can use gdmsetup program to graphically                           
# edit this, or you can optionally just edit this file by hand.  Note that                       
# gdmsetup does not tweak every option here, just the ones most users                            
# would care about.  Rest is for special setups and distro specific                              
# tweaks.  If you edit this file, you should send the HUP or USR1 signal to                      
# the daemon so that it restarts: (Assuming you have not changed PidFile)                        
#   kill -USR1 `cat /var/run/gdm.pid`                                                            
# (HUP will make gdm restart immediately while USR1 will make gdm not kill                       
# existing sessions and will only restart gdm after all users log out)                           
#                                                                                                
# You can also use the gdm-restart and gdm-safe-restart scripts which just                       
# do the above for you.                                                                          
#                                                                                                
# Have fun! - George                                                                             
                                                                                                 
[daemon]                                                                                         
# Automatic login, if true the first local screen will automatically logged                      
# in as user as set with AutomaticLogin key.                                                     
AutomaticLoginEnable=false                                                                       
AutomaticLogin=                                                                                  
# Timed login, useful for kiosks.  Log in a certain user after a certain                         
# amount of time                                                                                 
TimedLoginEnable=false                                                                           
TimedLogin=                                                                                      
TimedLoginDelay=30                                                                               
# A comma separated list of users that will be logged in without having                          
# to authenticate on local screens (not over xdmcp).  Note that 'root'                           
# is ignored and will always have to authenticate.                                               
LocalNoPasswordUsers=                                                                            
# If you are having trouble with using a single server for a long time and                       
# want gdm to kill/restart the server, turn this on                                              
AlwaysRestartServer=false                                                                        
# The gdm configuration program that is run from the login screen, you should                    
# probably leave this alone                                                                      
Configurator=/usr/sbin/gdmsetup --disable-sound --disable-crash-dialog                           
GnomeDefaultSession=/usr/share/gnome/default.session                                             
# The chooser program.  Must output the chosen host on stdout, probably you                      
# should leave this alone                                                                        
Chooser=/usr/bin/gdmchooser                                                                      
# Default path to set.  The profile scripts will likely override this                            
DefaultPath=/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/bin/X11:/usr/X11R6/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin                    
# Default path for root.  The profile scripts will likely override this                          
RootPath=/sbin:/usr/sbin:/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/bin/X11:/usr/X11R6/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin       
DisplayInitDir=/etc/X11/gdm/Init                                                                 
# Greeter for local (non-xdmcp) logins.  Change gdmlogin to gdmgreeter to                        
# get the new graphical greeter.                                                                 
Greeter=/usr/bin/gdmgreeter                                                                      
# Greeter for xdmcp logins, usually you want a less graphically intensive                        
# greeter here so it's better to leave this with gdmlogin                                        
RemoteGreeter=/usr/bin/gdmlogin                                                                  
# User and group that gdm should run as.  Probably should be gdm and gdm and                     
# you should create these user and group.  Anyone found running this as                          
# someone too privilaged will get a kick in the ass.  This should have                           
# access to only the gdm directories and files.                                                  
User=gdm                                                                                         
Group=gdm                                                                                        
# To try to kill all clients started at greeter time or in the Init script.                      
# doesn't always work, only if those clients have a window of their own                          
KillInitClients=true                                                                             
LogDir=/var/lib/gdm                                                                              
# You should probably never change this value unless you have a weird setup                      
PidFile=/var/run/gdm.pid                                                                         
PostSessionScriptDir=/etc/X11/gdm/PostSession/                                                   
PreSessionScriptDir=/etc/X11/gdm/PreSession/                                                     
# Distributions:  If you have some script that runs an X server in say                           
# VGA mode, allowing a login, could you please send it to me?                                    
FailsafeXServer=                                                                                 
# if X keeps crashing on us we run this script.  The default one does a bunch                    
# of cool stuff to figure out what to tell the user and such and can                             
# run an X configuration program.                                                                
XKeepsCrashing=/etc/X11/gdm/XKeepsCrashing                                                       
# Reboot, Halt and suspend commands, you can add different commands                              
# separated by a semicolon and gdm will use the first one it can find                            
RebootCommand=/sbin/shutdown -r now;/usr/sbin/shutdown -r now                                    
HaltCommand=/usr/bin/poweroff;/sbin/poweroff;/sbin/shutdown -h now;/usr/sbin/shutdown -h now     
SuspendCommand=                                                                                  
# Probably should not touch the below this is the standard setup                                 
ServAuthDir=/var/lib/gdm                                                                         
SessionDir=/etc/X11/gdm/Sessions/                                                                
# Better leave this blank and HOME will be used.  You can use syntax ~/ below                    
# to indicate home directory of the user                                                         
UserAuthDir=                                                                                     
# Fallback if home directory not writable                                                        
UserAuthFBDir=/tmp                                                                               
UserAuthFile=.Xauthority                                                                         
# The X server to use if we can't figure out what else to run.                                   
StandardXServer=/usr/X11R6/bin/X                                                                 
# The maximum number of flexible X servers to run.                                               
FlexibleXServers=5                                                                               
# the X nest command                                                                             
Xnest=/usr/X11R6/bin/Xnest -name Xnest                                                           
# Automatic VT allocation.  Right now only works on Linux.  This way                             
# we force X to use specific vts.  turn VTAllocation to false if this                            
# is causing problems.                                                                           
FirstVT=7                                                                                        
VTAllocation=true                                                                                
                                                                                                 
[security]                                                                                       
# If any distributions ship with this one off, they should be shot                               
# this is only local, so it's only for say kiosk use, when you                                   
# want to minimize possibility of breakin                                                        
AllowRoot=true                                                                                   
# If you want to be paranoid, turn this one off                                                  
AllowRemoteRoot=true                                                                             
# This will allow remote timed login                                                             
AllowRemoteAutoLogin=false                                                                       
# 0 is the most anal, 1 allows group write permissions, 2 allows all write permissions           
RelaxPermissions=0                                                                               
RetryDelay=3                                                                                     
# Maximum size of a file we wish to read.  This makes it hard for a user to DoS us               
# by using a large file.                                                                         
UserMaxFile=65536                                                                                
# Maximum size of the session file.  This is larger because it matters less as we                
# never keep it all in memory.  Just has an upper limit so that we don't go into too             
# long of a loop                                                                                 
SessionMaxFile=524388                                                                            
                                                                                                 
# XDMCP is the protocol that allows remote login.  If you want to log into                       
# gdm remotely (I'd never turn this on on open network, use ssh for such                         
# remote usage that).  You can then run X with -query <thishost> to log in,                      
# or -indirect <thishost> to run a chooser.  Look for the 'Terminal' server                      
# type at the bottom of this config file.                                                        
[xdmcp]                                                                                          
# Distributions: Ship with this off.  It is never a safe thing to leave                          
# out on the net.  Alternatively you can set up /etc/hosts.allow and                             
# /etc/hosts.deny to only allow say local access.                                                
Enable=false                                                                                     
# Honour indirect queries, we run a chooser for these, and then redirect                         
# the user to the chosen host.  Otherwise we just log the user in locally.                       
HonorIndirect=true                                                                               
# Maximum pending requests                                                                       
MaxPending=4                                                                                     
MaxPendingIndirect=4                                                                             
# Maximum open XDMCP sessions at any point in time                                               
MaxSessions=16                                                                                   
# Maximum wait times                                                                             
MaxWait=15                                                                                       
MaxWaitIndirect=15                                                                               
# How many times can a person log in from a single host.  Usually better to                      
# keep at 1 to fend off DoS attacks by running many logins from a single                         
# host                                                                                           
DisplaysPerHost=1                                                                                
# The port.  177 is the standard port so better keep it that way                                 
Port=177                                                                                         
# Willing script, none is shipped and by default we'll send                                      
# hostname system id.  But if you supply something here, the                                     
# output of this script will be sent as status of this host so that                              
# the chooser can display it.  You could for example send load,                                  
# or mail details for some user, or some such.                                                   
Willing=/etc/X11/gdm/Xwilling                                                                    
                                                                                                 
[gui]                                                                                            
# The 'theme'.  By default we're using the default gtk theme                                     
# Of course assuming that gtk got installed in the same prefix,                                  
# if not change this.                                                                            
GtkRC=/usr/share/themes/Default/gtk/gtkrc                                                        
# Maximum size of an icon, larger icons are scaled down                                          
MaxIconWidth=128                                                                                 
MaxIconHeight=128                                                                                
                                                                                                 
[greeter]                                                                                        
# Greeter has a nice title bar that the user can move                                            
TitleBar=true                                                                                    
# Configuration is available from the system menu of the greeter                                 
ConfigAvailable=true                                                                             
# Face browser is enabled.  This only works currently for the                                    
# standard greeter as it is not yet enabled in the graphical greeter.                            
Browser=true                                                                                     
# The default picture in the browser                                                             
DefaultFace=/usr/share/mdk/faces/default.png                                                     
# These are things excluded from the face browser, not from logging in                           
Exclude=bin,daemon,adm,lp,sync,shutdown,halt,mail,news,uucp,operator,nobody,gdm,postgres,pvm,rpm 
# As an alternative to the above this is the minimum uid to show                                 
MinimalUID=500                                                                                   
# If user or user.png exists in this dir it will be used as his picture                          
GlobalFaceDir=/usr/share/faces/                                                                  
# Icon we use                                                                                    
Icon=/usr/share/pixmaps/gdm.png                                                                  
# File which contains the locale we show to the user.  Likely you want to use                    
# the one shipped with gdm and edit it.  It is not a standard locale.alias file,                 
# although gdm will be able to read a standard locale.alias file as well.                        
LocaleFile=/etc/X11/gdm/locale.alias                                                             
# Logo shown in the standard greeter                                                             
Logo=/usr/share/pixmaps/gdm-screen.png                                                           
# The standard greeter should shake if a user entered the wrong username or                      
# password.  Kind of cool looking                                                                
Quiver=true                                                                                      
# The system menu is shown in the greeter                                                        
SystemMenu=true                                                                                  
# Note to distributors, if you wish to have a different Welcome string                           
# and wish to have this translated you can have entries such as                                  
# Welcome[cs]=Vitejte na %n                                                                      
# Just make sure the string is in utf-8                                                          
Welcome=Welcome to %n                                                                            
# Don't allow user to move the standard greeter window.  Only makes sense                        
# if TitleBar is on                                                                              
LockPosition=false                                                                               
# Set a position rather then just centering the window.  If you enter                            
# negative values for the position it is taken as an offset from the                             
# right or bottom edge.                                                                          
SetPosition=false                                                                                
PositionX=0                                                                                      
PositionY=0                                                                                      
# Xinerama screen we use to display the greeter on.  Not for true                                
# multihead, currently only works for Xinerama.                                                  
XineramaScreen=0                                                                                 
# Background settings for the standard greeter:                                                  
# Type can be 0=None, 1=Image, 2=Color                                                           
BackgroundType=2                                                                                 
BackgroundImage=                                                                                 
BackgroundScaleToFit=true                                                                        
BackgroundColor=#21449c                                                                          
# XDMCP session should only get a color, this is the sanest setting since                        
# you don't want to take up too much bandwidth                                                   
BackgroundRemoteOnlyColor=true                                                                   
# Program to run to draw the background in the standard greeter.  Perhaps                        
# something like an xscreensaver hack or some such.                                              
BackgroundProgram=                                                                               
# if this is true then the background program is run always, otherwise                           
# it is only run when the BackgroundType is 0 (None)                                             
RunBackgroundProgramAlways=false                                                                 
# Show the chooser (you can choose a specific saved gnome session) session                       
ShowGnomeChooserSession=false                                                                    
# Show the Failsafe sessions.  These are much MUCH nicer (focus for xterm for                    
# example) and more failsafe then those supplied by scripts so distros should                    
# use this rather then just running an xterm from a script.                                      
ShowGnomeFailsafeSession=false                                                                   
ShowXtermFailsafeSession=false                                                                   
# Always use 24 hour clock no matter what the locale.                                            
Use24Clock=false                                                                                 
# Use circles in the password field.  Looks kind of cool actually                                
UseCirclesInEntry=false                                                                          
# These two keys are for the new greeter.  Circles is the standard                               
# shipped theme                                                                                  
GraphicalTheme=mdk                                                                               
GraphicalThemeDir=/usr/share/gdm/themes/                                                         
                                                                                                 
# The chooser is what's displayed when a user wants an indirect XDMCP                            
# session                                                                                        
[chooser]                                                                                        
# Default image for hosts                                                                        
DefaultHostImg=/usr/share/pixmaps/nohost.png                                                     
# Directory with host images, they are named by the hosts: host or host.png                      
HostImageDir=/usr/share/hosts/                                                                   
# Time we scan for hosts (well only the time we tell the user we are                             
# scanning actually)                                                                             
ScanTime=3                                                                                       
# A comma separated lists of hosts to automatically add (if they answer to                       
# a query of course).  You can use this to reach hosts that broadcast cannot                     
# reach.                                                                                         
Hosts=                                                                                           
# Broadcast a query to get all hosts on the current network that answer                          
Broadcast=true                                                                                   
                                                                                                 
[debug]                                                                                          
# This will enable debugging into the syslog, usually not neccessary                             
# and it creates a LOT of spew of random stuff to the syslog.  However it                        
# can be useful in determining when something is going very wrong.                               
Enable=false                                                                                     
                                                                                                 
[servers]                                                                                        
# These are the standard servers.  You can add as many you want here                             
# and they will always be started.  Each line must start with a unique                           
# number and that will be the display number of that server.  Usually just                       
# the 0 server is used.                                                                          
0=Standard                                                                                       
#1=Standard                                                                                      
# Note the VTAllocation and FirstVT keys on Linux.  Don't add any vt<number>                     
# arguments if VTAllocation is on, and set FirstVT to be the first vt                            
# available that your gettys don't grab (gettys are usually dumb and grab                        
# even a vt that has already been taken).  Using 7 will work pretty much for                     
# all Linux distributions.  VTAllocation is not currently implemented on                         
# anything but Linux since I don't own any non-Linux systems.  Feel free to                      
# send patches.  X servers will just not get any extra arguments then.                           
#                                                                                                
#Note: If you want to run an X terminal you could add an X server such as this                   
#0=Terminal -query serverhostname                                                                
# or for a chooser (optionally serverhostname could be localhost)                                
#0=Terminal -indirect serverhostname                                                             
                                                                                                 
# Definition of the standard X server.                                                           
[server-Standard]                                                                                
name=Standard server                                                                             
command=/usr/X11R6/bin/X0 :0 -deferglyphs 16 vt7                                                 
                                                                                                 
flexible=true                                                                                    
                                                                                                 
# To use this server type you should add -query host or -indirect host                           
# to the command line                                                                            
[server-Terminal]                                                                                
name=Terminal server                                                                             
# Add -terminate to make things behave more nicely                                               
command=/usr/X11R6/bin/X -terminate                                                              
# Make this not appear in the flexible servers (we need extra params                             
# anyway, and terminate would be bad for xdmcp)                                                  
flexible=false                                                                                   
# Not local, we do not handle the logins for this X server                                       
handled=false                                                                                    
                                                                                                 

/etc/X11/gdm/gdm.conf.1
# GDM Configuration file.  You can use gdmsetup program to graphically                           
# edit this, or you can optionally just edit this file by hand.  Note that                       
# gdmsetup does not tweak every option here, just the ones most users                            
# would care about.  Rest is for special setups and distro specific                              
# tweaks.  If you edit this file, you should send the HUP or USR1 signal to                      
# the daemon so that it restarts: (Assuming you have not changed PidFile)                        
#   kill -USR1 `cat /var/run/gdm.pid`                                                            
# (HUP will make gdm restart immediately while USR1 will make gdm not kill                       
# existing sessions and will only restart gdm after all users log out)                           
#                                                                                                
# You can also use the gdm-restart and gdm-safe-restart scripts which just                       
# do the above for you.                                                                          
#                                                                                                
# Have fun! - George                                                                             
                                                                                                 
[daemon]                                                                                         
# Automatic login, if true the first local screen will automatically logged                      
# in as user as set with AutomaticLogin key.                                                     
AutomaticLoginEnable=false                                                                       
AutomaticLogin=                                                                                  
# Timed login, useful for kiosks.  Log in a certain user after a certain                         
# amount of time                                                                                 
TimedLoginEnable=false                                                                           
TimedLogin=                                                                                      
TimedLoginDelay=30                                                                               
# A comma separated list of users that will be logged in without having                          
# to authenticate on local screens (not over xdmcp).  Note that 'root'                           
# is ignored and will always have to authenticate.                                               
LocalNoPasswordUsers=                                                                            
# If you are having trouble with using a single server for a long time and                       
# want gdm to kill/restart the server, turn this on                                              
AlwaysRestartServer=false                                                                        
# The gdm configuration program that is run from the login screen, you should                    
# probably leave this alone                                                                      
Configurator=/usr/sbin/gdmsetup --disable-sound --disable-crash-dialog                           
GnomeDefaultSession=/usr/share/gnome/default.session                                             
# The chooser program.  Must output the chosen host on stdout, probably you                      
# should leave this alone                                                                        
Chooser=/usr/bin/gdmchooser                                                                      
# Default path to set.  The profile scripts will likely override this                            
DefaultPath=/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/bin/X11:/usr/X11R6/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin                    
# Default path for root.  The profile scripts will likely override this                          
RootPath=/sbin:/usr/sbin:/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/bin/X11:/usr/X11R6/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin       
DisplayInitDir=/etc/X11/gdm/Init                                                                 
# Greeter for local (non-xdmcp) logins.  Change gdmlogin to gdmgreeter to                        
# get the new graphical greeter.                                                                 
Greeter=/usr/bin/gdmgreeter                                                                      
# Greeter for xdmcp logins, usually you want a less graphically intensive                        
# greeter here so it's better to leave this with gdmlogin                                        
RemoteGreeter=/usr/bin/gdmlogin                                                                  
# User and group that gdm should run as.  Probably should be gdm and gdm and                     
# you should create these user and group.  Anyone found running this as                          
# someone too privilaged will get a kick in the ass.  This should have                           
# access to only the gdm directories and files.                                                  
User=gdm                                                                                         
Group=gdm                                                                                        
# To try to kill all clients started at greeter time or in the Init script.                      
# doesn't always work, only if those clients have a window of their own                          
KillInitClients=true                                                                             
LogDir=/var/lib/gdm                                                                              
# You should probably never change this value unless you have a weird setup                      
PidFile=/var/run/gdm.pid                                                                         
PostSessionScriptDir=/etc/X11/gdm/PostSession/                                                   
PreSessionScriptDir=/etc/X11/gdm/PreSession/                                                     
# Distributions:  If you have some script that runs an X server in say                           
# VGA mode, allowing a login, could you please send it to me?                                    
FailsafeXServer=                                                                                 
# if X keeps crashing on us we run this script.  The default one does a bunch                    
# of cool stuff to figure out what to tell the user and such and can                             
# run an X configuration program.                                                                
XKeepsCrashing=/etc/X11/gdm/XKeepsCrashing                                                       
# Reboot, Halt and suspend commands, you can add different commands                              
# separated by a semicolon and gdm will use the first one it can find                            
RebootCommand=/sbin/shutdown -r now;/usr/sbin/shutdown -r now                                    
HaltCommand=/usr/bin/poweroff;/sbin/poweroff;/sbin/shutdown -h now;/usr/sbin/shutdown -h now     
SuspendCommand=                                                                                  
# Probably should not touch the below this is the standard setup                                 
ServAuthDir=/var/lib/gdm                                                                         
SessionDir=/etc/X11/gdm/Sessions/                                                                
# Better leave this blank and HOME will be used.  You can use syntax ~/ below                    
# to indicate home directory of the user                                                         
UserAuthDir=                                                                                     
# Fallback if home directory not writable                                                        
UserAuthFBDir=/tmp                                                                               
UserAuthFile=.Xauthority                                                                         
# The X server to use if we can't figure out what else to run.                                   
StandardXServer=/usr/X11R6/bin/X0                                                                
# The maximum number of flexible X servers to run.                                               
FlexibleXServers=5                                                                               
# the X nest command                                                                             
Xnest=/usr/X11R6/bin/Xnest -name Xnest                                                           
# Automatic VT allocation.  Right now only works on Linux.  This way                             
# we force X to use specific vts.  turn VTAllocation to false if this                            
# is causing problems.                                                                           
FirstVT=7                                                                                        
VTAllocation=false                                                                               
                                                                                                 
[security]                                                                                       
# If any distributions ship with this one off, they should be shot                               
# this is only local, so it's only for say kiosk use, when you                                   
# want to minimize possibility of breakin                                                        
AllowRoot=true                                                                                   
# If you want to be paranoid, turn this one off                                                  
AllowRemoteRoot=true                                                                             
# This will allow remote timed login                                                             
AllowRemoteAutoLogin=false                                                                       
# 0 is the most anal, 1 allows group write permissions, 2 allows all write permissions           
RelaxPermissions=0                                                                               
RetryDelay=3                                                                                     
# Maximum size of a file we wish to read.  This makes it hard for a user to DoS us               
# by using a large file.                                                                         
UserMaxFile=65536                                                                                
# Maximum size of the session file.  This is larger because it matters less as we                
# never keep it all in memory.  Just has an upper limit so that we don't go into too             
# long of a loop                                                                                 
SessionMaxFile=524388                                                                            
                                                                                                 
# XDMCP is the protocol that allows remote login.  If you want to log into                       
# gdm remotely (I'd never turn this on on open network, use ssh for such                         
# remote usage that).  You can then run X with -query <thishost> to log in,                      
# or -indirect <thishost> to run a chooser.  Look for the 'Terminal' server                      
# type at the bottom of this config file.                                                        
[xdmcp]                                                                                          
# Distributions: Ship with this off.  It is never a safe thing to leave                          
# out on the net.  Alternatively you can set up /etc/hosts.allow and                             
# /etc/hosts.deny to only allow say local access.                                                
Enable=false                                                                                     
# Honour indirect queries, we run a chooser for these, and then redirect                         
# the user to the chosen host.  Otherwise we just log the user in locally.                       
HonorIndirect=true                                                                               
# Maximum pending requests                                                                       
MaxPending=4                                                                                     
MaxPendingIndirect=4                                                                             
# Maximum open XDMCP sessions at any point in time                                               
MaxSessions=16                                                                                   
# Maximum wait times                                                                             
MaxWait=15                                                                                       
MaxWaitIndirect=15                                                                               
# How many times can a person log in from a single host.  Usually better to                      
# keep at 1 to fend off DoS attacks by running many logins from a single                         
# host                                                                                           
DisplaysPerHost=1                                                                                
# The port.  177 is the standard port so better keep it that way                                 
Port=177                                                                                         
# Willing script, none is shipped and by default we'll send                                      
# hostname system id.  But if you supply something here, the                                     
# output of this script will be sent as status of this host so that                              
# the chooser can display it.  You could for example send load,                                  
# or mail details for some user, or some such.                                                   
Willing=/etc/X11/gdm/Xwilling                                                                    
                                                                                                 
[gui]                                                                                            
# The 'theme'.  By default we're using the default gtk theme                                     
# Of course assuming that gtk got installed in the same prefix,                                  
# if not change this.                                                                            
GtkRC=/usr/share/themes/Default/gtk/gtkrc                                                        
# Maximum size of an icon, larger icons are scaled down                                          
MaxIconWidth=128                                                                                 
MaxIconHeight=128                                                                                
                                                                                                 
[greeter]                                                                                        
# Greeter has a nice title bar that the user can move                                            
TitleBar=true                                                                                    
# Configuration is available from the system menu of the greeter                                 
ConfigAvailable=true                                                                             
# Face browser is enabled.  This only works currently for the                                    
# standard greeter as it is not yet enabled in the graphical greeter.                            
Browser=true                                                                                     
# The default picture in the browser                                                             
DefaultFace=/usr/share/mdk/faces/default.png                                                     
# These are things excluded from the face browser, not from logging in                           
Exclude=bin,daemon,adm,lp,sync,shutdown,halt,mail,news,uucp,operator,nobody,gdm,postgres,pvm,rpm 
# As an alternative to the above this is the minimum uid to show                                 
MinimalUID=500                                                                                   
# If user or user.png exists in this dir it will be used as his picture                          
GlobalFaceDir=/usr/share/faces/                                                                  
# Icon we use                                                                                    
Icon=/usr/share/pixmaps/gdm.png                                                                  
# File which contains the locale we show to the user.  Likely you want to use                    
# the one shipped with gdm and edit it.  It is not a standard locale.alias file,                 
# although gdm will be able to read a standard locale.alias file as well.                        
LocaleFile=/etc/X11/gdm/locale.alias                                                             
# Logo shown in the standard greeter                                                             
Logo=/usr/share/pixmaps/gdm-screen.png                                                           
# The standard greeter should shake if a user entered the wrong username or                      
# password.  Kind of cool looking                                                                
Quiver=true                                                                                      
# The system menu is shown in the greeter                                                        
SystemMenu=true                                                                                  
# Note to distributors, if you wish to have a different Welcome string                           
# and wish to have this translated you can have entries such as                                  
# Welcome[cs]=Vitejte na %n                                                                      
# Just make sure the string is in utf-8                                                          
Welcome=Welcome to %n                                                                            
# Don't allow user to move the standard greeter window.  Only makes sense                        
# if TitleBar is on                                                                              
LockPosition=false                                                                               
# Set a position rather then just centering the window.  If you enter                            
# negative values for the position it is taken as an offset from the                             
# right or bottom edge.                                                                          
SetPosition=false                                                                                
PositionX=0                                                                                      
PositionY=0                                                                                      
# Xinerama screen we use to display the greeter on.  Not for true                                
# multihead, currently only works for Xinerama.                                                  
XineramaScreen=0                                                                                 
# Background settings for the standard greeter:                                                  
# Type can be 0=None, 1=Image, 2=Color                                                           
BackgroundType=2                                                                                 
BackgroundImage=                                                                                 
BackgroundScaleToFit=true                                                                        
BackgroundColor=#21449c                                                                          
# XDMCP session should only get a color, this is the sanest setting since                        
# you don't want to take up too much bandwidth                                                   
BackgroundRemoteOnlyColor=true                                                                   
# Program to run to draw the background in the standard greeter.  Perhaps                        
# something like an xscreensaver hack or some such.                                              
BackgroundProgram=                                                                               
# if this is true then the background program is run always, otherwise                           
# it is only run when the BackgroundType is 0 (None)                                             
RunBackgroundProgramAlways=false                                                                 
# Show the chooser (you can choose a specific saved gnome session) session                       
ShowGnomeChooserSession=false                                                                    
# Show the Failsafe sessions.  These are much MUCH nicer (focus for xterm for                    
# example) and more failsafe then those supplied by scripts so distros should                    
# use this rather then just running an xterm from a script.                                      
ShowGnomeFailsafeSession=false                                                                   
ShowXtermFailsafeSession=false                                                                   
# Always use 24 hour clock no matter what the locale.                                            
Use24Clock=false                                                                                 
# Use circles in the password field.  Looks kind of cool actually                                
UseCirclesInEntry=false                                                                          
# These two keys are for the new greeter.  Circles is the standard                               
# shipped theme                                                                                  
GraphicalTheme=mdk                                                                               
GraphicalThemeDir=/usr/share/gdm/themes/                                                         
                                                                                                 
# The chooser is what's displayed when a user wants an indirect XDMCP                            
# session                                                                                        
[chooser]                                                                                        
# Default image for hosts                                                                        
DefaultHostImg=/usr/share/pixmaps/nohost.png                                                     
# Directory with host images, they are named by the hosts: host or host.png                      
HostImageDir=/usr/share/hosts/                                                                   
# Time we scan for hosts (well only the time we tell the user we are                             
# scanning actually)                                                                             
ScanTime=3                                                                                       
# A comma separated lists of hosts to automatically add (if they answer to                       
# a query of course).  You can use this to reach hosts that broadcast cannot                     
# reach.                                                                                         
Hosts=                                                                                           
# Broadcast a query to get all hosts on the current network that answer                          
Broadcast=true                                                                                   
                                                                                                 
[debug]                                                                                          
# This will enable debugging into the syslog, usually not neccessary                             
# and it creates a LOT of spew of random stuff to the syslog.  However it                        
# can be useful in determining when something is going very wrong.                               
Enable=false                                                                                     
                                                                                                 
[servers]                                                                                        
# These are the standard servers.  You can add as many you want here                             
# and they will always be started.  Each line must start with a unique                           
# number and that will be the display number of that server.  Usually just                       
# the 0 server is used.                                                                          
0=Standard                                                                                       
1=2nd                                                                                            
                                                                                                 
# Note the VTAllocation and FirstVT keys on Linux.  Don't add any vt<number>                     
# arguments if VTAllocation is on, and set FirstVT to be the first vt                            
# available that your gettys don't grab (gettys are usually dumb and grab                        
# even a vt that has already been taken).  Using 7 will work pretty much for                     
# all Linux distributions.  VTAllocation is not currently implemented on                         
# anything but Linux since I don't own any non-Linux systems.  Feel free to                      
# send patches.  X servers will just not get any extra arguments then.                           
#                                                                                                
#Note: If you want to run an X terminal you could add an X server such as this                   
#0=Terminal -query serverhostname                                                                
# or for a chooser (optionally serverhostname could be localhost)                                
#0=Terminal -indirect serverhostname                                                             
                                                                                                 
# Definition of the standard X server.                                                           
[server-Standard]                                                                                
name=Standard server                                                                             
command=/usr/X11R6/bin/X0 :0 -deferglyphs 16 vt7                                                 
flexible=true                                                                                    
                                                                                                 
# Definition of the second X server.                                                             
[server-2nd]                                                                                     
name=2nd server                                                                                  
command=/usr/X11R6/bin/X1 :1 -xf86config /etc/X11/XF86Config-4.X1 -deferglyphs 16 vt9            
flexible=true                                                                                    
                                                                                                 
# To use this server type you should add -query host or -indirect host                           
# to the command line                                                                            
[server-Terminal]                                                                                
name=Terminal server                                                                             
# Add -terminate to make things behave more nicely                                               
command=/usr/X11R6/bin/X -terminate                                                              
# Make this not appear in the flexible servers (we need extra params                             
# anyway, and terminate would be bad for xdmcp)                                                  
flexible=false                                                                                   
# Not local, we do not handle the logins for this X server                                       
handled=false                                                                                    
                                                                                                 
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

B.3. Configuration files for Input Agent

B.3.1. Keyboard configuration

/etc/hotplug/kbd.conf
#                                                                            
# keyboard configuretion                                                     
#                                                                            
# vt_name device_physicaly_location                                          
VT0     usb-00:10.1-1.1/input0                                               
VT1     isa0060/serio0/input0                                                
#VT2    usb-*.*-1/input0                                                     
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

B.3.2. Mouse configuration

/etc/hotplug/mouse.conf
# mouse device configuration                                                 
#                                                                            
# sym_link device_physicaly_location                                         
mouse0br        usb-00:10.1-1.2/input0                                       
mouse2br        usb-00:10.1-2.7.*/input0                                     
mouse1br        usb-00:10.1-2.2/input0                                       
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

B.3.3. Event device configuration

/etc/hotplug/event.conf
#                                                                            
# input event device config file                                             
#                                                                            
# symbolic_link device_physicaly_location                                    
#event0br       isa0060/serio0/*                                             
#event0br       isa0060/serio1/input0                                        
#event3br       usb-*.*-1.3/*                                                
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

Appendix C. Scripts

C.1. input.agent

/etc/hotplug/input.agent
#!/bin/sh                                                                                    
# Please place this file /etc/hotplug                                                        
#                                                                                            
# input-specific hotplug policy agent.                                                       
#                                                                                            
# Kernel Input params are:                                                                   
#                                                                                            
#       ACTION=add                                                                           
#       PHYS=pysical location of device                                                      
#       NAME=Name of the device                                                              
#                                                                                            
# HISTORY:                                                                                   
#       15-JUN-2003     removed paste                                                        
#       07-MAY-2003     remake by Aivils Stoss                                               
#                       /proc manipulation added                                             
#                       parse kbd.conf event.conf mouse.conf.                                
#                       create necessary symbolic links                                      
#       28-SEP-2002     Initial version from Andreas Schuldei                                
#                        andreas (at) schuldei.org                                           
#                                                                                            
cd /etc/hotplug                                                                              
. hotplug.functions                                                                          
DEBUG=yes export DEBUG                                                                       
                                                                                             
KBD_CONFIG="./kbd.conf"                                                                      
EVENT_CONFIG="./event.conf"                                                                  
MOUSE_CONFIG="./mouse.conf"                                                                  
                                                                                             
setup_kbd ()                                                                                 
{                                                                                            
    while read VT_NUM PHYS_PATTERN NAME_PATTERN                                              
    do                                                                                       
        if [ `echo "$VT_NUM" | grep "^#"` ]; then                                            
            continue;                                                                        
        fi                                                                                   
        if [ `echo "$PHYS" | grep $PHYS_PATTERN 2>/dev/null` ]; then                         
            VT=`echo "$VT_NUM" | sed 's/VT//' | awk '{printf "%02d", $0}'`                   
            echo "$PHYS" > "/proc/bus/console/$VT/keyboard"                                  
            debug_mesg "Input device $NAME on $PHYS mapping to VT$VT"                        
            return;                                                                          
        fi                                                                                   
    done                                                                                     
    debug_mesg "Found no fitting VT"                                                         
}                                                                                            
                                                                                             
setup_event ()                                                                               
{                                                                                            
    while read SYM_LINK PHYS_PATTERN NAME_PATTERN                                            
    do                                                                                       
        if [ `echo "$SYM_LINK" | grep "^#"` ]; then                                          
            continue;                                                                        
        fi                                                                                   
        if [ `echo "$PHYS" | grep $PHYS_PATTERN 2>/dev/null` ]; then                         
            case $ACTION in                                                                  
            add)                                                                             
                cd /dev/input                                                                
                rm -f $SYM_LINK                                                              
                ln -s $DEV_EVENT $SYM_LINK                                                   
                debug_mesg "Input event device $NAME on $PHYS linked to $SYM_LINK"           
            ;;                                                                               
            remove)                                                                          
                rm -f /dev/input/$SYM_LINK                                                   
                debug_mesg "Input event device link $SYM_LINK removed"                       
            ;;                                                                               
            esac                                                                             
            return;                                                                          
        fi                                                                                   
    done                                                                                     
    debug_mesg "Found no fitting event device"                                               
}                                                                                            
                                                                                             
setup_mouse ()                                                                               
{                                                                                            
    while read SYM_LINK PHYS_PATTERN NAME_PATTERN                                            
    do                                                                                       
        if [ `echo "$SYM_LINK" | grep "^#"` ]; then                                          
            continue;                                                                        
        fi                                                                                   
        if [ `echo "$PHYS" | grep $PHYS_PATTERN 2>/dev/null` ]; then                         
            case $ACTION in                                                                  
            add)                                                                             
                cd /dev/input                                                                
                rm -f $SYM_LINK                                                              
                ln -s $DEV_MOUSE $SYM_LINK                                                   
                debug_mesg "Input mouse device $NAME on $PHYS linked to $SYM_LINK"           
            ;;                                                                               
            remove)                                                                          
                rm -f /dev/input/$SYM_LINK                                                   
                debug_mesg "Input mouse device link $SYM_LINK removed"                       
            ;;                                                                               
            esac                                                                             
            return;                                                                          
        fi                                                                                   
    done                                                                                     
    debug_mesg "Found no fitting mouse device"                                               
}                                                                                            
                                                                                             
if [ "$ACTION" = "" ]; then                                                                  
    mesg Bad input agent invocation                                                          
    exit 1                                                                                   
fi                                                                                           
                                                                                             
DEV_HANDLERS=`grep -E 'Phys|Handlers' /proc/bus/input/devices | \                            
    awk '{ if(count == 0) { printf("%s\t",$0); count++; } else { print $0; count=0; } }' | \ 
    grep $PHYS | awk -F\t '{print $2}' | sed 's/^.*=//'`                                     
                                                                                             
# older grep do not support -o :-(                                                           
#DEV_EVENT=`echo $MATCHED | grep -oE event[0-9]+`                                            
#DEV_MOUSE=`echo $MATCHED | grep -oE mouse[0-9]+`                                            
#DEV_KBD=`echo $MATCHED | grep -o kbd`                                                       
                                                                                             
DEV_EVENT=`echo $DEV_HANDLERS | \                                                            
            awk -F" " '{for(n=1;$n;n=n+1) if($n ~ /event/) print $n}'`                       
DEV_MOUSE=`echo $DEV_HANDLERS | \                                                            
            awk -F" " '{for(n=1;$n;n=n+1) if($n ~ /mouse/) print $n}'`                       
DEV_KBD=`echo $DEV_HANDLERS | \                                                              
            awk -F" " '{for(n=1;$n;n=n+1) if($n ~ /kbd/) print $n}'`                         
                                                                                             
#                                                                                            
# What to do with this input device event?                                                   
#                                                                                            
case "$ACTION" in                                                                            
                                                                                             
add)                                                                                         
    if [ -n "$DEV_KBD" ]; then                                                               
        setup_kbd < $KBD_CONFIG                                                              
    fi                                                                                       
    if [ -n "$DEV_EVENT" ]; then                                                             
        setup_event < $EVENT_CONFIG                                                          
    fi                                                                                       
    if [ -n "$DEV_MOUSE" ]; then                                                             
        setup_mouse < $MOUSE_CONFIG                                                          
    fi                                                                                       
    ;;                                                                                       
remove)                                                                                      
    #setup_event < $EVENT_CONFIG                                                             
    #setup_mouse < $MOUSE_CONFIG                                                             
    ;;                                                                                       
*)                                                                                           
    debug_mesg "Input '$ACTION' event not supported"                                         
    return 1                                                                                 
    ;;                                                                                       
                                                                                             
esac                                                                                         
                                                                                             
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

C.2. input.agent for use with XFree supporting event devices

/etc/hotplug/input.agent
#!/bin/bash                                                                                                                                 
                                                                                                                                            
cd /etc/hotplug                                                                                                                             
. hotplug.functions                                                                                                                         
#DEBUG=yes export DEBUG                                                                                                                     
                                                                                                                                            
export ARG_SEP='\002'                                                                                                                       
export VAL_SEP='\003'                                                                                                                       
                                                                                                                                            
for dev in `ls /tmp/.X11-unix/ | grep evdev`; do {                                                                                          
    export dev="/tmp/.X11-unix/${dev}"                                                                                                      
    /bin/sh -c 'echo -e "2.1${ARG_SEP}NAME${VAL_SEP}${NAME}${ARG_SEP}PHYS${VAL_SEP}${PHYS}${ARG_SEP}ACTION${VAL_SEP}${ACTION}" >> ${dev}' & 
}; done                                                                                                                                     
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

C.3. Wrapper for starting X using Nvidia libGL.so

#!/bin/bash                                                                  
#########################################################                    
### /usr/X11R6/bin/XNV                                ###                    
### script to start XFree with different LIBRARY_PATH ###                    
### in order to use Nvidia GL libraries and           ###                    
### XFree GL libraries at the same time               ###                    
#########################################################                    
                                                                             
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/X11R6/libNV                                      
exec /usr/X11R6/bin/X0 $*                                                    
                                                                             
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

C.4. For installing Nvidia drivers for parallel use with DRI

#!/bin/bash                                                                                      
########################################################                                         
### /usr/sbin/ruby_NVinstaller                       ###                                         
### for usage call it with -h or --help parameter    ###                                         
########################################################                                         
                                                                                                 
if [[ -z $1 ]] || [ "$1" == "-h" ] || [ "$1" == "--help" ] ;then                                 
echo                                                                                             
echo "Usage :"                                                                                   
echo "$0 full path to Nvidia installer"                                                          
echo "eg. $0 /root/NVIDIA-Linux-x86-1.0-4349.run"                                                
exit 1                                                                                           
fi                                                                                               
                                                                                                 
if [[ -z $OPENWINHOME ]];then                                                                    
echo                                                                                             
echo "OPENWINHOME not defined!!!"                                                                
echo "Please set the environment variable OPENWINHOME"                                           
echo "pointing to your XFree prefix eg. /usr/X11R6"                                              
echo "for bash shell :"                                                                          
echo "export OPENWINHOME=/usr/X11R6"                                                             
exit 1                                                                                           
fi                                                                                               
                                                                                                 
cd $OPENWINHOME                                                                                  
echo                                                                                             
echo "backup file for XFree's GL libraries "                                                     
echo "is $OPENWINHOME/libGL-backup.tar"                                                          
if [ -x libGL-backup.tar ]; then                                                                 
        echo "old backup exist, deleting" && rm libGL-backup.tar                                 
fi                                                                                               
echo                                                                                             
find lib -name "libGL.*" -o -name "libGLcore*" \                                                 
        -o -name "libglx.*" | xargs tar  rpf   libGL-backup.tar \                                
        && echo "backup finished"                                                                
echo                                                                                             
echo "now running Nvidia installer"                                                              
echo "`which $1` --no-opengl-headers --xfree86-prefix=/usr/X11R6NV --opengl-prefix=/usr/X11R6NV" 
echo                                                                                             
`which $1` --no-opengl-headers --xfree86-prefix=/usr/X11R6NV --opengl-prefix=/usr/X11R6NV        
RETVAL=$?                                                                                        
if [ $RETVAL -eq 0 ]; then                                                                       
                                                                                                 
echo                                                                                             
echo "Nvidia installer finished,"                                                                
echo "now coping files to /usr/X11R6/libNV/"                                                     
echo                                                                                             
cd /usr/X11R6NV/lib &&  tar c * | tar xvC /usr/X11R6/libNV/                                      
echo                                                                                             
echo "restoring backuped GL libraries"                                                           
echo                                                                                             
cd $OPENWINHOME                                                                                  
tar xvfp libGL-backup.tar && ldconfig && echo "GL libraries restored" && rm libGL-backup.tar     
fi                                                                                               
                                                                                                 
if [ $RETVAL -ne 0 ]; then                                                                       
        echo                                                                                     
        echo "installer aborted, not restoring backup"                                           
        echo "deleting backup files" &&  rm libGL-backup.tar                                     
fi                                                                                               
                                                                                                 
echo                                                                                             
echo "script finished"                                                                           
                                                                                                 
