BusyBox - The Swiss Army Knife of Embedded Linux

# NAME

BusyBox - The Swiss Army Knife of Embedded Linux

# SYNTAX

     BusyBox <function> [arguments...]  # or

     <function> [arguments...]          # if symlinked

# DESCRIPTION

BusyBox combines tiny versions of many common UNIX utilities into a single small executable. It provides minimalist replacements for most of the utilities you usually find in fileutils, shellutils, findutils, textutils, grep, gzip, tar, etc. BusyBox provides a fairly complete POSIX environment for any small or embedded system. The utilities in BusyBox generally have fewer options than their full-featured GNU cousins; however, the options that are included provide the expected functionality and behave very much like their GNU counterparts.

BusyBox has been written with size-optimization and limited resources in mind. It is also extremely modular so you can easily include or exclude commands (or features) at compile time. This makes it easy to customize your embedded systems. To create a working system, just add a kernel, a shell (such as ash), and an editor (such as elvis-tiny or ae).

# USAGE

When you create a link to BusyBox for the function you wish to use, when BusyBox is called using that link it will behave as if the command itself has been invoked.

For example, entering

            ln -s ./BusyBox ls
            ./ls

will cause BusyBox to behave as 'ls' (if the 'ls' command has been compiled into BusyBox).

You can also invoke BusyBox by issuing the command as an argument on the command line. For example, entering

            ./BusyBox ls

will also cause BusyBox to behave as 'ls'.

# COMMON OPTIONS

Most BusyBox commands support the --help option to provide a terse runtime description of their behavior.

# COMMANDS

Currently defined functions include:

ar, basename, busybox, cat, chgrp, chmod, chown, chroot, chvt, clear, cmp, cp, cut, date, dc, dd, deallocvt, df, dirname, dmesg, dos2unix, dpkg, dpkg-deb, du, dumpkmap, dutmp, echo, expr, false, fbset, fdflush, find, free, freeramdisk, fsck.minix, getopt, grep, gunzip, gzip, halt, head, hostid, hostname, id, ifconfig, init, insmod, kill, killall, klogd, length, ln, loadacm, loadfont, loadkmap, logger, logname, ls, lsmod, makedevs, md5sum, mkdir, mkfifo, mkfs.minix, mknod, mkswap, mktemp, more, mount, mt, mv, nc, nslookup, ping, pivot_root, poweroff, printf, ps, pwd, rdate, readlink, reboot, renice, reset, rm, rmdir, rmmod, route, rpmunpack, sed, setkeycodes, sh, sleep, sort, stty, swapoff, swapon, sync, syslogd, tail, tar, tee, telnet, test, tftp, touch, tr, true, tty, umount, uname, uniq, unix2dos, update, uptime, usleep, uudecode, uuencode, watchdog, wc, wget, which, whoami, xargs, yes, zcat, [

adjtimex

  adjtimex [-q] [-o offset] [-f frequency] [-p timeconstant] [-t tick]

  Reads and optionally sets system timebase parameters. See `adjtimex(2).`

  Options:

              -q              quiet mode - do not print
              -o offset       time offset, microseconds
              -f frequency    frequency adjust, integer kernel units (65536 is 1ppm)
                              (positive values make the system clock run fast)
              -t tick         microseconds per tick, usually 10000
              -p timeconstant

  -------------------------------

ar

  ar -[ovR]{ptx} archive filenames

  Extract or list files from an ar archive.

  Options:

              -o              preserve original dates
              -p              extract to stdout
              -t              list
              -x              extract
              -v              verbosely list files processed
              -R              recursive action

  -------------------------------

basename

  basename FILE [SUFFIX]

  Strips directory path and suffixes from FILE. If specified, also removes any trailing SUFFIX.

  Example:

              $ basename /usr/local/bin/foo
              foo
              $ basename /usr/local/bin/
              bin
              $ basename /foo/bar.txt .txt
              bar

  -------------------------------

cat

  cat [FILE]...

  Concatenates `FILE(s)` and prints them to stdout.

  Example:

              $ cat /proc/uptime
              110716.72 17.67

  -------------------------------

chgrp

  chgrp [OPTION]... GROUP FILE...

  Change the group membership of each FILE to GROUP.

  Options:

              -R      Changes files and directories recursively.

  Example:

              $ ls -l /tmp/foo
              -r--r--r--    1 andersen andersen        0 Apr 12 18:25 /tmp/foo
              $ chgrp root /tmp/foo
              $ ls -l /tmp/foo
              -r--r--r--    1 andersen root            0 Apr 12 18:25 /tmp/foo

  -------------------------------

chmod

  chmod [-R] MODE[,MODE]... FILE...

  Each MODE is one or more of the letters ugoa, one of the symbols +-= and one or more of the letters rwxst.

  Options:

              -R      Changes files and directories recursively.

  Example:

              $ ls -l /tmp/foo
              -rw-rw-r--    1 root     root            0 Apr 12 18:25 /tmp/foo
              $ chmod u+x /tmp/foo
              $ ls -l /tmp/foo
              -rwxrw-r--    1 root     root            0 Apr 12 18:25 /tmp/foo*
              $ chmod 444 /tmp/foo
              $ ls -l /tmp/foo
              -r--r--r--    1 root     root            0 Apr 12 18:25 /tmp/foo

  -------------------------------

chown

  chown [OPTION]... OWNER[<.|:>[GROUP]] FILE...

  Change the owner and/or group of each FILE to OWNER and/or GROUP.

  Options:

              -R      Changes files and directories recursively.

  Example:

              $ ls -l /tmp/foo
              -r--r--r--    1 andersen andersen        0 Apr 12 18:25 /tmp/foo
              $ chown root /tmp/foo
              $ ls -l /tmp/foo
              -r--r--r--    1 root     andersen        0 Apr 12 18:25 /tmp/foo
              $ chown root.root /tmp/foo
              ls -l /tmp/foo
              -r--r--r--    1 root     root            0 Apr 12 18:25 /tmp/foo

  -------------------------------

chroot

  chroot NEWROOT [COMMAND...]

  Run COMMAND with root directory set to NEWROOT.

  Example:

              $ ls -l /bin/ls
              lrwxrwxrwx    1 root     root          12 Apr 13 00:46 /bin/ls -> /BusyBox
              $ mount /dev/hdc1 /mnt -t minix
              $ chroot /mnt
              $ ls -l /bin/ls
              -rwxr-xr-x    1 root     root        40816 Feb  5 07:45 /bin/ls*

  -------------------------------

chvt

  chvt N

  Changes the foreground virtual terminal to /dev/ttyN

  -------------------------------

clear

  clear

  Clear screen.

  -------------------------------

cmp

  cmp FILE1 [FILE2]

  Compare files.

  -------------------------------

cp

  cp [OPTION]... SOURCE DEST

  Copies SOURCE to DEST, or multiple `SOURCE(s)` to DIRECTORY.

              -a      Same as -dpR
              -d      Preserves links
              -p      Preserves file attributes if possible
              -f      force (implied; ignored) - always set
              -R      Copies directories recursively

  -------------------------------

cut

  cut [OPTION]... [FILE]...

  Prints selected fields from each input FILE to standard output.

  Options:

              -b LIST         Output only bytes from LIST
              -c LIST         Output only characters from LIST
              -d CHAR         Use CHAR instead of tab as the field delimiter
              -s              Output only the lines containing delimiter
              -f N            Print only these fields
              -n              Ignored

  Example:

              $ echo "Hello world" | cut -f 1 -d ' '
              Hello
              $ echo "Hello world" | cut -f 2 -d ' '
              world

  -------------------------------

date

  date [OPTION]... [+FORMAT]

  Displays the current time in the given FORMAT, or sets the system date.

  Options:

              -R              Outputs RFC-822 compliant date string
              -d STRING       display time described by STRING, not `now'
              -s              Sets time described by STRING
              -u              Prints or sets Coordinated Universal Time

  Example:

              $ date
              Wed Apr 12 18:52:41 MDT 2000

  -------------------------------

dc

  dc expression ...

  This is a Tiny RPN calculator that understands the following operations: +, -, /, *, and, or, not, eor. i.e. 'dc 2 2 add' -> 4, and 'dc 8 8 \* 2 2 + /' -> 16

  Example:

              $ dc 2 2 +
              4
              $ dc 8 8 * 2 2 + /
              16
              $ dc 0 1 and
              0
              $ dc 0 1 or
              1
              $ echo 72 9 div 8 mul | dc
              64

  -------------------------------

dd

  dd [if=FILE] [of=FILE] [bs=N] [count=N] [skip=N] [seek=N] [conv=notrunc|sync]

  Copy a file, converting and formatting according to options

              if=FILE         read from FILE instead of stdin
              of=FILE         write to FILE instead of stdout
              bs=N            read and write N bytes at a time
              count=N         copy only N input blocks
              skip=N          skip N input blocks
              seek=N          skip N output blocks
              conv=notrunc    don't truncate output file
              conv=sync       pad blocks with zeros

  Numbers may be suffixed by c (x1), w (x2), b (x512), kD (x1000), k (x1024), MD (x1000000), M (x1048576), GD (x1000000000) or G (x1073741824).

  Example:

              $ dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/ram1 bs=1M count=4
              4+0 records in
              4+0 records out

  -------------------------------

deallocvt

  deallocvt N

  Deallocate unused virtual terminal /dev/ttyN

  -------------------------------

df

  df [-hmk] [filesystem ...]

  Print the filesystem space used and space available.

  Options:

              -h      print sizes in human readable format (e.g., 1K 243M 2G )
              -m      print sizes in megabytes
              -k      print sizes in kilobytes(default)

  Example:

              $ df
              Filesystem           1k-blocks      Used Available Use% Mounted on
              /dev/sda3              8690864   8553540    137324  98% /
              /dev/sda1                64216     36364     27852  57% /boot
              $ df /dev/sda3
              Filesystem           1k-blocks      Used Available Use% Mounted on
              /dev/sda3              8690864   8553540    137324  98% /

  -------------------------------

dirname

  dirname [FILENAME ...]

  Strips non-directory suffix from FILENAME

  Example:

              $ dirname /tmp/foo
              /tmp
              $ dirname /tmp/foo/
              /tmp

  -------------------------------

dmesg

  dmesg [-c] [-n LEVEL] [-s SIZE]

  Prints or controls the kernel ring buffer

  Options:

              -c              Clears the ring buffer's contents after printing
              -n LEVEL        Sets console logging level
              -s SIZE         Use a buffer of size SIZE

  -------------------------------

dos2unix

  dos2unix [option] [file]

  Converts a text file to/from dos format to unix format.

  Options:

              -u      output will be in UNIX format
              -d      output will be in DOS format

  - when no option is given then input format will be automaticaly detected

        and converted to the oposite format on output
      - when no file is given, then stdin is used as input and stdout as output

  -------------------------------

dpkg

  dpkg [-i|-r|--unpack|--configure] my.deb

  WORK IN PROGRESS, only usefull for debian-installer

  -------------------------------

dpkg_deb

  dpkg_deb [-cexX] file directory

  Perform actions on debian packages (.debs)

  Options:

              -c      List contents of filesystem tree (verbose)
              -l      List contents of filesystem tree (.list format)
              -e      Extract control files to directory
              -x      Exctract packages filesystem tree to directory
              -X      Verbose extract

  Example:

              $ dpkg-deb -X ./busybox_0.48-1_i386.deb /tmp

  -------------------------------

du

  du [-lshmk] [FILE]...

  Summarizes disk space used for each FILE and/or directory. Disk space is printed in units of 1024 bytes.

  Options:

              -l      count sizes many times if hard linked
              -s      display only a total for each argument
              -h      print sizes in human readable format (e.g., 1K 243M 2G )
              -m      print sizes in megabytes
              -k      print sizes in kilobytes(default)

  Example:

              $ du
              16      ./CVS
              12      ./kernel-patches/CVS
              80      ./kernel-patches
              12      ./tests/CVS
              36      ./tests
              12      ./scripts/CVS
              16      ./scripts
              12      ./docs/CVS
              104     ./docs
              2417    .

  -------------------------------

dumpkmap

  dumpkmap > keymap

  Prints out a binary keyboard translation table to standard output.

  Example:

              $ dumpkmap > keymap

  -------------------------------

dutmp

  dutmp [FILE]

  Dump utmp file format (pipe delimited) from FILE or stdin to stdout. (i.e. 'dutmp /var/run/utmp')

  Example:

              $ dutmp /var/run/utmp
              8|7||si|||0|0|0|955637625|760097|0
              2|0|~|~~|reboot||0|0|0|955637625|782235|0
              1|20020|~|~~|runlevel||0|0|0|955637625|800089|0
              8|125||l4|||0|0|0|955637629|998367|0
              6|245|tty1|1|LOGIN||0|0|0|955637630|998974|0
              6|246|tty2|2|LOGIN||0|0|0|955637630|999498|0
              7|336|pts/0|vt00andersen|andersen|:0.0|0|0|0|955637763|0|0

  -------------------------------

echo

  echo [-neE] [ARG ...]

  Prints the specified ARGs to stdout

  Options:

              -n      suppress trailing newline
              -e      interpret backslash-escaped characters (i.e. \t=tab etc)
              -E      disable interpretation of backslash-escaped characters

  Example:

              $ echo "Erik is cool"
              Erik is cool
              $  echo -e "Erik
              is
              cool"
              Erik
              is
              cool
              $ echo "Erik
              is
              cool"
              Erik
              is
              cool

  -------------------------------

env

  env [-] [-iu] [name=value ...] [command]

  Prints the current environment or runs a program after setting up the specified environment.

  Options:

              -, -i   start with an empty environment
              -u      remove variable from the environment

  -------------------------------

expr

  expr EXPRESSION

  Prints the value of EXPRESSION to standard output.

  EXPRESSION may be:

              ARG1 |  ARG2    ARG1 if it is neither null nor 0, otherwise ARG2
              ARG1 &  ARG2    ARG1 if neither argument is null or 0, otherwise 0
              ARG1 <  ARG2    ARG1 is less than ARG2
              ARG1 <= ARG2    ARG1 is less than or equal to ARG2
              ARG1 =  ARG2    ARG1 is equal to ARG2
              ARG1 != ARG2    ARG1 is unequal to ARG2
              ARG1 >= ARG2    ARG1 is greater than or equal to ARG2
              ARG1 >  ARG2    ARG1 is greater than ARG2
              ARG1 +  ARG2    arithmetic sum of ARG1 and ARG2
              ARG1 -  ARG2    arithmetic difference of ARG1 and ARG2
              ARG1 *  ARG2    arithmetic product of ARG1 and ARG2
              ARG1 /  ARG2    arithmetic quotient of ARG1 divided by ARG2
              ARG1 %  ARG2    arithmetic remainder of ARG1 divided by ARG2
              STRING : REGEXP             anchored pattern match of REGEXP in STRING
              match STRING REGEXP         same as STRING : REGEXP
              substr STRING POS LENGTH    substring of STRING, POS counted from 1
              index STRING CHARS          index in STRING where any CHARS is found,
                                          or 0
              length STRING               length of STRING
              quote TOKEN                 interpret TOKEN as a string, even if
                                          it is a keyword like `match' or an
                                          operator like `/'
              ( EXPRESSION )              value of EXPRESSION

  Beware that many operators need to be escaped or quoted for shells. Comparisons are arithmetic if both ARGs are numbers, else lexicographical. Pattern matches return the string matched between \( and \) or null; if \( and \) are not used, they return the number of characters matched or 0.

  -------------------------------

false

  false

  Return an exit code of FALSE (1).

  Example:

              $ false
              $ echo $?
              1

  -------------------------------

fbset

  fbset [options] [mode]

  Show and modify frame buffer settings

  Example:

              $ fbset
              mode "1024x768-76"
                      # D: 78.653 MHz, H: 59.949 kHz, V: 75.694 Hz
                      geometry 1024 768 1024 768 16
                      timings 12714 128 32 16 4 128 4
                      accel false
                      rgba 5/11,6/5,5/0,0/0
              endmode

  -------------------------------

fdflush

  fdflush DEVICE

  Forces floppy disk drive to detect disk change

  -------------------------------

find

  find [PATH...] [EXPRESSION]

  Search for files in a directory hierarchy. The default PATH is the current directory; default EXPRESSION is '-print'

  EXPRESSION may consist of:

              -follow         Dereference symbolic links.
              -name PATTERN   File name (leading directories removed) matches PATTERN.        -print          Print (default and assumed).

              -type X         Filetype matches X (where X is one of: f,d,l,b,c,...)
              -perm PERMS     Permissions match any of (+NNN); all of (-NNN);
                              or exactly (NNN)
              -mtime TIME     Modified time is greater than (+N); less than (-N);
                              or exactly (N) days

  Example:

              $ find / -name /etc/passwd
              /etc/passwd

  -------------------------------

free

  free

  Displays the amount of free and used system memory

  Example:

              $ free
                            total         used         free       shared      buffers
                Mem:       257628       248724         8904        59644        93124
               Swap:       128516         8404       120112
              Total:       386144       257128       129016

  -------------------------------

freeramdisk

  freeramdisk DEVICE

  Frees all memory used by the specified ramdisk.

  Example:

              $ freeramdisk /dev/ram2

  -------------------------------

fsck_minix

  fsck_minix [-larvsmf] /dev/name

  Performs a consistency check for MINIX filesystems.

  Options:

              -l      Lists all filenames
              -r      Perform interactive repairs
              -a      Perform automatic repairs
              -v      verbose
              -s      Outputs super-block information
              -m      Activates MINIX-like "mode not cleared" warnings
              -f      Force file system check.

  -------------------------------

getopt

  getopt [OPTIONS]...

  Parse command options

              -a, --alternative               Allow long options starting with single -
              -l, --longoptions=longopts      Long options to be recognized
              -n, --name=progname             The name under which errors are reported
              -o, --options=optstring Short options to be recognized
              -q, --quiet                     Disable error reporting by getopt(3)
              -Q, --quiet-output              No normal output
              -s, --shell=shell               Set shell quoting conventions
              -T, --test                      Test for getopt(1) version
              -u, --unqote                    Do not quote the output

  Example:

              $ cat getopt.test
              #!/bin/sh
              GETOPT=`getopt -o ab:c:: --long a-long,b-long:,c-long:: \
                     -n 'example.busybox' -- "$@"`
              if [ $? != 0 ] ; then  exit 1 ; fi
              eval set -- "$GETOPT"
              while true ; do
               case $1 in
                 -a|--a-long) echo "Option a" ; shift ;;
                 -b|--b-long) echo "Option b, argument `$2'" ; shift 2 ;;
                 -c|--c-long)
                   case "$2" in
                     "") echo "Option c, no argument"; shift 2 ;;
                     *)  echo "Option c, argument `$2'" ; shift 2 ;;
                   esac ;;
                 --) shift ; break ;;
                 *) echo "Internal error!" ; exit 1 ;;
               esac
              done

  -------------------------------

grep

  grep [-ihHnqvs] pattern [files...]

  Search for PATTERN in each FILE or standard input.

  Options:

              -H      prefix output lines with filename where match was found
              -h      suppress the prefixing filename on output
              -i      ignore case distinctions
              -l      list names of files that match
              -n      print line number with output lines
              -q      be quiet. Returns 0 if result was found, 1 otherwise
              -v      select non-matching lines
              -s      suppress file open/read error messages

  Example:

              $ grep root /etc/passwd
              root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
              $ grep ^[rR]oo. /etc/passwd
              root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash

  -------------------------------

gunzip

  gunzip [OPTION]... FILE

  Uncompress FILE (or standard input if FILE is '-').

  Options:

              -c      Write output to standard output
              -t      Test compressed file integrity

  Example:

              $ ls -la /tmp/BusyBox*
              -rw-rw-r--    1 andersen andersen   557009 Apr 11 10:55 /tmp/BusyBox-0.43.tar.gz
              $ gunzip /tmp/BusyBox-0.43.tar.gz
              $ ls -la /tmp/BusyBox*
              -rw-rw-r--    1 andersen andersen  1761280 Apr 14 17:47 /tmp/BusyBox-0.43.tar

  -------------------------------

gzip

  gzip [OPTION]... FILE

  Compress FILE with maximum compression. When FILE is '-', reads standard input. Implies -c.

  Options:

              -c      Write output to standard output instead of FILE.gz
              -d      decompress

  Example:

              $ ls -la /tmp/BusyBox*
              -rw-rw-r--    1 andersen andersen  1761280 Apr 14 17:47 /tmp/BusyBox-0.43.tar
              $ gzip /tmp/BusyBox-0.43.tar
              $ ls -la /tmp/BusyBox*
              -rw-rw-r--    1 andersen andersen   554058 Apr 14 17:49 /tmp/BusyBox-0.43.tar.gz

  -------------------------------

halt

  halt

  Halt the system.

  -------------------------------

head

  head [OPTION] [FILE]...

  Print first 10 lines of each FILE to standard output. With more than one FILE, precede each with a header giving the file name. With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.

  Options:

              -n NUM          Print first NUM lines instead of first 10

  Example:

              $ head -n 2 /etc/passwd
              root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
              daemon:x:1:1:daemon:/usr/sbin:/bin/sh

  -------------------------------

hostid

  hostid

  Print out a unique 32-bit identifier for the machine.

  -------------------------------

hostname

  hostname [OPTION] {hostname | -F file}

  Get or set the hostname or DNS domain name. If a hostname is given (or a file with the -F parameter), the host name will be set.

  Options:

              -s              Short
              -i              Addresses for the hostname
              -d              DNS domain name
              -F, --file FILE Use the contents of FILE to specify the hostname

  Example:

              $ hostname
              slag

  -------------------------------

id

  id [OPTIONS]... [USERNAME]

  Print information for USERNAME or the current user

  Options:

              -g      prints only the group ID
              -u      prints only the user ID
              -n      print a name instead of a number (with for -ug)
              -r      prints the real user ID instead of the effective ID (with -ug)

  Example:

              $ id
              uid=1000(andersen) gid=1000(andersen)

  -------------------------------

ifconfig

  ifconfig [-a] <interface> [<address>]

  configure a network interface

  Options:

              [[-]broadcast [<address>]]  [[-]pointopoint [<address>]]
              [netmask <address>]  [dstaddr <address>]
              [outfill <NN>] [keepalive <NN>]
              [hw ether <address>]  [metric <NN>]  [mtu <NN>]
              [[-]trailers]  [[-]arp]  [[-]allmulti]
              [multicast]  [[-]promisc]  [txqueuelen <NN>]  [[-]dynamic]
              [mem_start <NN>]  [io_addr <NN>]  [irq <NN>]
              [up|down] ...

  -------------------------------

init

  init

  Init is the parent of all processes.

  This version of init is designed to be run only by the kernel.

  BusyBox init doesn't support multiple runlevels. The runlevels field of the /etc/inittab file is completely ignored by BusyBox init. If you want runlevels, use sysvinit.

  BusyBox init works just fine without an inittab. If no inittab is found, it has the following default behavior:

              ::sysinit:/etc/init.d/rcS
              ::askfirst:/bin/sh
              ::ctrlaltdel:/sbin/reboot
              ::shutdown:/sbin/swapoff -a
              ::shutdown:/bin/umount -a -r

  if it detects that /dev/console is _not_ a serial console, it will also run:

              tty2::askfirst:/bin/sh
              tty3::askfirst:/bin/sh
              tty4::askfirst:/bin/sh

  If you choose to use an /etc/inittab file, the inittab entry format is as follows:

              <id>:<runlevels>:<action>:<process>

              <id>:

                      WARNING: This field has a non-traditional meaning for BusyBox init!
                      The id field is used by BusyBox init to specify the controlling tty for
                      the specified process to run on.  The contents of this field are
                      appended to "/dev/" and used as-is.  There is no need for this field to
                      be unique, although if it isn't you may have strange results.  If this
                      field is left blank, the controlling tty is set to the console.  Also
                      note that if BusyBox detects that a serial console is in use, then only
                      entries whose controlling tty is either the serial console or /dev/null
                      will be run.  BusyBox init does nothing with utmp.  We don't need no
                      stinkin' utmp.

              <runlevels>:

                      The runlevels field is completely ignored.

              <action>:

                      Valid actions include: sysinit, respawn, askfirst, wait,
                      once, ctrlaltdel, and shutdown.

                      The available actions can be classified into two groups: actions
                      that are run only once, and actions that are re-run when the specified
                      process exits.

                      Run only-once actions:

                              'sysinit' is the first item run on boot.  init waits until all
                              sysinit actions are completed before continuing.  Following the
                              completion of all sysinit actions, all 'wait' actions are run.
                              'wait' actions, like  'sysinit' actions, cause init to wait until
                              the specified task completes.  'once' actions are asyncronous,
                              therefore, init does not wait for them to complete.  'ctrlaltdel'
                              actions are run when the system detects that someone on the system
                             console has pressed the CTRL-ALT-DEL key combination.  Typically one
                             wants to run 'reboot' at this point to cause the system to reboot.
                              Finally the 'shutdown' action specifies the actions to taken when
                             init is told to reboot.  Unmounting filesystems and disabling swap
                             is a very good here

                      Run repeatedly actions:

                              'respawn' actions are run after the 'once' actions.  When a process
                              started with a 'respawn' action exits, init automatically restarts
                              it.  Unlike sysvinit, BusyBox init does not stop processes from
                              respawning out of control.  The 'askfirst' actions acts just like
                              respawn, except that before running the specified process it
                              displays the line "Please press Enter to activate this console."
                              and then waits for the user to press enter before starting the
                              specified process.

                      Unrecognized actions (like initdefault) will cause init to emit an
                      error message, and then go along with its business.  All actions are
                      run in the reverse order from how they appear in /etc/inittab.

              <process>:

                      Specifies the process to be executed and it's command line.

  Example /etc/inittab file:

              # This is run first except when booting in single-user mode.
              #
              ::sysinit:/etc/init.d/rcS

              # /bin/sh invocations on selected ttys
              #
              # Start an "askfirst" shell on the console (whatever that may be)
              ::askfirst:-/bin/sh
              # Start an "askfirst" shell on /dev/tty2-4
              tty2::askfirst:-/bin/sh
              tty3::askfirst:-/bin/sh
              tty4::askfirst:-/bin/sh

              # /sbin/getty invocations for selected ttys
              #
              tty4::respawn:/sbin/getty 38400 tty5
              tty5::respawn:/sbin/getty 38400 tty6

              # Example of how to put a getty on a serial line (for a terminal)
              #
              #::respawn:/sbin/getty -L ttyS0 9600 vt100
              #::respawn:/sbin/getty -L ttyS1 9600 vt100
              #
              # Example how to put a getty on a modem line.
              #::respawn:/sbin/getty 57600 ttyS2

              # Stuff to do before rebooting
              ::ctrlaltdel:/sbin/reboot
              ::shutdown:/bin/umount -a -r
              ::shutdown:/sbin/swapoff -a

  -------------------------------

insmod

  insmod [OPTION]... MODULE [symbol=value]...

  Loads the specified kernel modules into the kernel.

  Options:

              -f      Force module to load into the wrong kernel version.
              -k      Make module autoclean-able.
              -v      verbose output
              -L      Lock to prevent simultaneous loads of a module
              -x      do not export externs

  -------------------------------

kill

  kill [-signal] process-id [process-id ...]

  Send a signal (default is SIGTERM) to the specified `process(es).`

  Options:

              -l      List all signal names and numbers.

  Example:

              $ ps | grep apache
              252 root     root     S [apache]
              263 www-data www-data S [apache]
              264 www-data www-data S [apache]
              265 www-data www-data S [apache]
              266 www-data www-data S [apache]
              267 www-data www-data S [apache]
              $ kill 252

  -------------------------------

killall

  killall [-signal] process-name [process-name ...]

  Send a signal (default is SIGTERM) to the specified `process(es).`

  Options:

              -l      List all signal names and numbers.

  Example:

              $ killall apache

  -------------------------------

klogd

  klogd -n

  Kernel logger. Options:

              -n      Run as a foreground process.

  -------------------------------

length

  length STRING

  Prints out the length of the specified STRING.

  Example:

              $ length "Hello"
              5

  -------------------------------

ln

  ln [OPTION] TARGET... LINK_NAME|DIRECTORY

  Create a link named LINK_NAME or DIRECTORY to the specified TARGET

  You may use '--' to indicate that all following arguments are non-options.

  Options:

              -s      make symbolic links instead of hard links
              -f      remove existing destination files
              -n      no dereference symlinks - treat like normal file

  Example:

              $ ln -s BusyBox /tmp/ls
              $ ls -l /tmp/ls
              lrwxrwxrwx    1 root     root            7 Apr 12 18:39 ls -> BusyBox*

  -------------------------------

loadacm

  loadacm < mapfile

  Loads an acm from standard input.

  Example:

              $ loadacm < /etc/i18n/acmname

  -------------------------------

loadfont

  loadfont < font

  Loads a console font from standard input.

  Example:

              $ loadfont < /etc/i18n/fontname

  -------------------------------

loadkmap

  loadkmap < keymap

  Loads a binary keyboard translation table from standard input.

  Example:

              $ loadkmap < /etc/i18n/lang-keymap

  -------------------------------

logger

  logger [OPTION]... [MESSAGE]

  Write MESSAGE to the system log. If MESSAGE is omitted, log stdin.

  Options:

              -s      Log to stderr as well as the system log.
              -t      Log using the specified tag (defaults to user name).
              -p      Enter the message with the specified priority.
                      This may be numerical or a ``facility.level'' pair.

  Example:

              $ logger "hello"

  -------------------------------

logname

  logname

  Print the name of the current user.

  Example:

              $ logname
              root

  -------------------------------

logread

  logread

  Shows the messages from syslogd (using circular buffer).

  -------------------------------

ls

  ls [-1AacCdeFilnpLRrSsTtuvwxXhk] [filenames...]

  List directory contents

  Options:

              -1      list files in a single column
              -A      do not list implied . and ..
              -a      do not hide entries starting with .
              -C      list entries by columns
              -c      with -l: show ctime
              -d      list directory entries instead of contents
              -e      list both full date and full time
              -F      append indicator (one of */=@|) to entries
              -i      list the i-node for each file
              -l      use a long listing format
              -n      list numeric UIDs and GIDs instead of names
              -p      append indicator (one of /=@|) to entries
              -L      list entries pointed to by symbolic links
              -R      list subdirectories recursively
              -r      sort the listing in reverse order
              -S      sort the listing by file size
              -s      list the size of each file, in blocks
              -T NUM  assume Tabstop every NUM columns
              -t      with -l: show modification time
              -u      with -l: show access time
              -v      sort the listing by version
              -w NUM  assume the terminal is NUM columns wide
              -x      list entries by lines instead of by columns
              -X      sort the listing by extension
              -h      print sizes in human readable format (e.g., 1K 243M 2G )
              -k      print sizes in kilobytes(default)

  -------------------------------

lsmod

  lsmod

  List the currently loaded kernel modules.

  -------------------------------

makedevs

  makedevs NAME TYPE MAJOR MINOR FIRST LAST [s]

  Creates a range of block or character special files

  TYPEs include:

              b:      Make a block (buffered) device.
              c or u: Make a character (un-buffered) device.
              p:      Make a named pipe. MAJOR and MINOR are ignored for named pipes.

  FIRST specifies the number appended to NAME to create the first device. LAST specifies the number of the last item that should be created. If 's' is the last argument, the base device is created as well.

  For example:

              makedevs /dev/ttyS c 4 66 2 63   ->  ttyS2-ttyS63
              makedevs /dev/hda b 3 0 0 8 s    ->  hda,hda1-hda8

  Example:

              $ makedevs /dev/ttyS c 4 66 2 63
              [creates ttyS2-ttyS63]
              $ makedevs /dev/hda b 3 0 0 8 s
              [creates hda,hda1-hda8]

  -------------------------------

md5sum

  md5sum [OPTION] [FILE]... or: md5sum [OPTION] -c [FILE]

  Print or check MD5 checksums.

  Options: With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.

              -b      read files in binary mode
              -c      check MD5 sums against given list
              -t      read files in text mode (default)
              -g      read a string

  The following two options are useful only when verifying checksums:

              -s      don't output anything, status code shows success
              -w      warn about improperly formated MD5 checksum lines

  Example:

              $ md5sum < busybox
              6fd11e98b98a58f64ff3398d7b324003
              $ md5sum busybox
              6fd11e98b98a58f64ff3398d7b324003  busybox
              $ md5sum -c -
              6fd11e98b98a58f64ff3398d7b324003  busybox
              busybox: OK
              ^D

  -------------------------------

mkdir

  mkdir [OPTION] DIRECTORY...

  Create the `DIRECTORY(ies),` if they do not already exist

  Options:

              -m      set permission mode (as in chmod), not rwxrwxrwx - umask
              -p      no error if existing, make parent directories as needed

  Example:

              $ mkdir /tmp/foo
              $ mkdir /tmp/foo
              /tmp/foo: File exists
              $ mkdir /tmp/foo/bar/baz
              /tmp/foo/bar/baz: No such file or directory
              $ mkdir -p /tmp/foo/bar/baz

  -------------------------------

mkfifo

  mkfifo [OPTIONS] name

  Creates a named pipe (identical to 'mknod name p')

  Options:

              -m      create the pipe using the specified mode (default a=rw)

  -------------------------------

mkfs_minix

  mkfs_minix [-c | -l filename] [-nXX] [-iXX] /dev/name [blocks]

  Make a MINIX filesystem.

  Options:

              -c              Check the device for bad blocks
              -n [14|30]      Specify the maximum length of filenames
              -i INODES       Specify the number of inodes for the filesystem
              -l FILENAME     Read the bad blocks list from FILENAME
              -v              Make a Minix version 2 filesystem

  -------------------------------

mknod

  mknod [OPTIONS] NAME TYPE MAJOR MINOR

  Create a special file (block, character, or pipe).

  Options:

              -m      create the special file using the specified mode (default a=rw)

  TYPEs include:

              b:      Make a block (buffered) device.
              c or u: Make a character (un-buffered) device.
              p:      Make a named pipe. MAJOR and MINOR are ignored for named pipes.

  Example:

              $ mknod /dev/fd0 b 2 0
              $ mknod -m 644 /tmp/pipe p

  -------------------------------

mkswap

  mkswap [-c] [-v0|-v1] device [block-count]

  Prepare a disk partition to be used as a swap partition.

  Options:

              -c              Check for read-ability.
              -v0             Make version 0 swap [max 128 Megs].
              -v1             Make version 1 swap [big!] (default for kernels >
                              2.1.117).
              block-count     Number of block to use (default is entire partition).

  -------------------------------

mktemp

  mktemp [-q] TEMPLATE

  Creates a temporary file with its name based on TEMPLATE. TEMPLATE is any name with six `Xs' (i.e. /tmp/temp.XXXXXX).

  Example:

              $ mktemp /tmp/temp.XXXXXX
              /tmp/temp.mWiLjM
              $ ls -la /tmp/temp.mWiLjM
              -rw-------    1 andersen andersen        0 Apr 25 17:10 /tmp/temp.mWiLjM

  -------------------------------

more

  more [FILE ...]

  More is a filter for viewing FILE one screenful at a time.

  Example:

              $ dmesg | more

  -------------------------------

mount

  mount [flags] device directory [-o options,more-options]

  Mount a filesystem

  Flags:

              -a:             Mount all filesystems in fstab.
              -f:             "Fake" Add entry to mount table but don't mount it.
              -n:             Don't write a mount table entry.
              -o option:      One of many filesystem options, listed below.
              -r:             Mount the filesystem read-only.
              -t fs-type:     Specify the filesystem type.
              -w:             Mount for reading and writing (default).

  Options for use with the ``-o'' flag:

              async/sync:     Writes are asynchronous / synchronous.
              atime/noatime:  Enable / disable updates to inode access times.
              dev/nodev:      Allow use of special device files / disallow them.
              exec/noexec:    Allow use of executable files / disallow them.
              loop:           Mounts a file via loop device.
              suid/nosuid:    Allow set-user-id-root programs / disallow them.
              remount:        Re-mount a mounted filesystem, changing its flags.
              ro/rw:          Mount for read-only / read-write.

  There are EVEN MORE flags that are specific to each filesystem. You'll have to see the written documentation for those.

  Example:

              $ mount
              /dev/hda3 on / type minix (rw)
              proc on /proc type proc (rw)
              devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw)
              $ mount /dev/fd0 /mnt -t msdos -o ro
              $ mount /tmp/diskimage /opt -t ext2 -o loop

  -------------------------------

mt

  mt [-f device] opcode value

  Control magnetic tape drive operation

  Available Opcodes:

  bsf bsfm bsr bss datacompression drvbuffer eof eom erase fsf fsfm fsr fss load lock mkpart nop offline ras1 ras2 ras3 reset retension rew rewoffline seek setblk setdensity setpart tell unload unlock weof wset

  -------------------------------

mv

  mv SOURCE DEST or: mv SOURCE... DIRECTORY

  Rename SOURCE to DEST, or move `SOURCE(s)` to DIRECTORY.

  Example:

              $ mv /tmp/foo /bin/bar

  -------------------------------

nc

  nc [IP] [port]

  Netcat opens a pipe to IP:port

  Example:

              $ nc foobar.somedomain.com 25
              220 foobar ESMTP Exim 3.12 #1 Sat, 15 Apr 2000 00:03:02 -0600
              help
              214-Commands supported:
              214-    HELO EHLO MAIL RCPT DATA AUTH
              214     NOOP QUIT RSET HELP
              quit
              221 foobar closing connection

  -------------------------------

nslookup

  nslookup [HOST]

  Queries the nameserver for the IP address of the given HOST

  Example:

              $ nslookup localhost
              Server:     default
              Address:    default

              Name:       debian
              Address:    127.0.0.1

  -------------------------------

ping

  ping [OPTION]... host

  Send ICMP ECHO_REQUEST packets to network hosts.

  Options:

              -c COUNT        Send only COUNT pings.
              -s SIZE         Send SIZE data bytes in packets (default=56).
              -q              Quiet mode, only displays output at start
                              and when finished.

  Example:

              $ ping localhost
              PING slag (127.0.0.1): 56 data bytes
              64 bytes from 127.0.0.1: icmp_seq=0 ttl=255 time=20.1 ms

              --- debian ping statistics ---
              1 packets transmitted, 1 packets received, 0% packet loss
              round-trip min/avg/max = 20.1/20.1/20.1 ms

  -------------------------------

pivot_root

  pivot_root new_root put_old

  Move the current root file system to put_old and make new_root the new root file system.

  -------------------------------

poweroff

  poweroff

  Halt the system and request that the kernel shut off the power.

  -------------------------------

printf

  printf FORMAT [ARGUMENT...]

  Formats and prints `ARGUMENT(s)` according to FORMAT, Where FORMAT controls the output exactly as in C printf.

  Example:

              $ printf "Val=%d
              " 5
              Val=5

  -------------------------------

ps

  ps

  Report process status

  This version of ps accepts no options.

  Example:

              $ ps
                PID  Uid      Gid State Command
                  1 root     root     S init
                  2 root     root     S [kflushd]
                  3 root     root     S [kupdate]
                  4 root     root     S [kpiod]
                  5 root     root     S [kswapd]
                742 andersen andersen S [bash]
                743 andersen andersen S -bash
                745 root     root     S [getty]
               2990 andersen andersen R ps

  -------------------------------

pwd

  pwd

  Print the full filename of the current working directory.

  Example:

              $ pwd
              /root

  -------------------------------

rdate

  rdate [OPTION] HOST

  Get and possibly set the system date and time from a remote HOST.

  Options:

              -s      Set the system date and time (default).
              -p      Print the date and time.

  -------------------------------

readlink

  readlink

  Read a symbolic link.

  -------------------------------

reboot

  reboot

  Reboot the system.

  -------------------------------

renice

  renice priority pid [pid ...]

  Changes priority of running processes. Allowed priorities range from 20 (the process runs only when nothing else is running) to 0 (default priority) to -20 (almost nothing else ever gets to run).

  -------------------------------

reset

  reset

  Resets the screen.

  -------------------------------

rm

  rm [OPTION]... FILE...

  Remove (unlink) the `FILE(s).` You may use '--' to indicate that all following arguments are non-options.

  Options:

              -i              always prompt before removing each destinations
              -f              remove existing destinations, never prompt
              -r or -R        remove the contents of directories recursively

  Example:

              $ rm -rf /tmp/foo

  -------------------------------

rmdir

  rmdir [OPTION]... DIRECTORY...

  Remove the `DIRECTORY(ies),` if they are empty.

  Example:

              # rmdir /tmp/foo

  -------------------------------

rmmod

  rmmod [OPTION]... [MODULE]...

  Unloads the specified kernel modules from the kernel.

  Options:

              -a      Try to remove all unused kernel modules.

  Example:

              $ rmmod tulip

  -------------------------------

route

  route [{add|del|flush}]

  Edit the kernel's routing tables

  -------------------------------

rpmunpack

  rpmunpack < package.rpm | gunzip | cpio -idmuv

  Extracts an rpm archive.

  -------------------------------

sed

  sed [-Vhnef] pattern [files...]

  Options:

              -n              suppress automatic printing of pattern space
              -e script       add the script to the commands to be executed
              -f scriptfile   add the contents of script-file to the commands to be executed
              -h              display this help message

  If no -e or -f is given, the first non-option argument is taken as the sed script to interpret. All remaining arguments are names of input files; if no input files are specified, then the standard input is read.

  Example:

              $ echo "foo" | sed -e 's/f[a-zA-Z]o/bar/g'
              bar

  -------------------------------

setkeycodes

  setkeycodes SCANCODE KEYCODE ...

  Set entries into the kernel's scancode-to-keycode map, allowing unusual keyboards to generate usable keycodes.

  SCANCODE may be either xx or e0xx (hexadecimal), and KEYCODE is given in decimal

  Example:

              $ setkeycodes e030 127

  -------------------------------

sh

  sh [FILE]... or: sh -c command [args]...

  lash: The BusyBox LAme SHell (command interpreter)

  This command does not yet have proper documentation.

  Use lash just as you would use any other shell. It properly handles pipes, redirects, job control, can be used as the shell for scripts, and has a sufficient set of builtins to do what is needed. It does not (yet) support Bourne Shell syntax. If you need things like ``if-then-else'', ``while'', and such use ash or bash. If you just need a very simple and extremely small shell, this will do the job.

  -------------------------------

sleep

  sleep N

  Pause for N seconds.

  Example:

              $ sleep 2
              [2 second delay results]

  -------------------------------

sort

  sort [-n] [-r] [FILE]...

  Sorts lines of text in the specified files

  Example:

              $ echo -e "e
              f
              b
              d
              c
              a" | sort
              a
              b
              c
              d
              e
              f

  -------------------------------

stty

  stty [-a|g] [-F device] [SETTING]...

  Without arguments, prints baud rate, line discipline, and deviations from stty sane.

  Options:

              -F device       open device instead of stdin
              -a              print all current settings in human-readable form
              -g              print in stty-readable form
              [SETTING]       see documentation

  -------------------------------

swapoff

  swapoff [OPTION] [device]

  Stop swapping virtual memory pages on the given device.

  Options:

              -a      Stop swapping on all swap devices

  -------------------------------

swapon

  swapon [OPTION] [device]

  Start swapping virtual memory pages on the given device.

  Options:

              -a      Start swapping on all swap devices

  -------------------------------

sync

  sync

  Write all buffered filesystem blocks to disk.

  -------------------------------

syslogd

  syslogd [OPTION]...

  Linux system and kernel logging utility. Note that this version of syslogd ignores /etc/syslog.conf.

  Options:

              -m NUM          Interval between MARK lines (default=20min, 0=off)
              -n              Run as a foreground process
              -O FILE         Use an alternate log file (default=/var/log/messages)
              -R HOST[:PORT]  Log to IP or hostname on PORT (default PORT=514/UDP)
              -L              Log locally and via network logging (default is network only)

  Example:

              $ syslogd -R masterlog:514
              $ syslogd -R 192.168.1.1:601

  -------------------------------

tail

  tail [OPTION]... [FILE]...

  Print last 10 lines of each FILE to standard output. With more than one FILE, precede each with a header giving the file name. With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.

  Options:

              -c N[kbm]       output the last N bytes
              -n N[kbm]       print last N lines instead of last 10
              -f              output data as the file grows
              -q              never output headers giving file names
              -s SEC          wait SEC seconds between reads with -f
              -v              always output headers giving file names

  If the first character of N (bytes or lines) is a '+', output begins with the Nth item from the start of each file, otherwise, print the last N items in the file. N bytes may be suffixed by k (x1024), b (x512), or m (1024^2).

  Example:

              $ tail -n 1 /etc/resolv.conf
              nameserver 10.0.0.1

  -------------------------------

tar

  tar -[cxtvO] [--exclude File] [-X File][-f tarFile] [FILE(s)] ...

  Create, extract, or list files from a tar file.

  Main operation mode:

              c               create
              x               extract
              t               list

  File selection:

              f               name of tarfile or "-" for stdin
              O               extract to stdout
              exclude         file to exclude
              X               file with names to exclude

  Informative output:

              v               verbosely list files processed

  Example:

              $ zcat /tmp/tarball.tar.gz | tar -xf -
              $ tar -cf /tmp/tarball.tar /usr/local

  -------------------------------

tee

  tee [OPTION]... [FILE]...

  Copy standard input to each FILE, and also to standard output.

  Options:

              -a      append to the given FILEs, do not overwrite

  Example:

              $ echo "Hello" | tee /tmp/foo
              $ cat /tmp/foo
              Hello

  -------------------------------

telnet

  telnet host [port]

  Telnet is used to establish interactive communication with another computer over a network using the TELNET protocol.

  -------------------------------

test

  test EXPRESSION or [ EXPRESSION ]

  Checks file types and compares values returning an exit code determined by the value of EXPRESSION.

  Example:

              $ test 1 -eq 2
              $ echo $?
              1
              $ test 1 -eq 1
              $ echo $?
              0
              $ [ -d /etc ]
              $ echo $?
              0
              $ [ -d /junk ]
              $ echo $?
              1

  -------------------------------

tftp

  tftp command SOURCE DEST

  Transfers a file from/to a tftp server using ``octet'' mode.

  Commands:

              get     Get file from server SOURCE and store to local DEST.
              put     Put local file SOURCE to server DEST.

  When nameing a server, use the syntax ``server:file''.

  -------------------------------

touch

  touch [-c] file [file ...]

  Update the last-modified date on the given file[s].

  Options:

              -c      Do not create any files

  Example:

              $ ls -l /tmp/foo
              /bin/ls: /tmp/foo: No such file or directory
              $ touch /tmp/foo
              $ ls -l /tmp/foo
              -rw-rw-r--    1 andersen andersen        0 Apr 15 01:11 /tmp/foo

  -------------------------------

tr

  tr [-cds] STRING1 [STRING2]

  Translate, squeeze, and/or delete characters from standard input, writing to standard output.

  Options:

              -c      take complement of STRING1
              -d      delete input characters coded STRING1
              -s      squeeze multiple output characters of STRING2 into one character

  Example:

              $ echo "gdkkn vnqkc" | tr [a-y] [b-z]
              hello world

  -------------------------------

true

  true

  Return an exit code of TRUE (0).

  Example:

              $ true
              $ echo $?
              0

  -------------------------------

tty

  tty

  Print the file name of the terminal connected to standard input.

  Options:

              -s      print nothing, only return an exit status

  Example:

              $ tty
              /dev/tty2

  -------------------------------

umount

  umount [flags] filesystem|directory

  Unmount file systems

  Flags:

              -a:     Unmount all file systems in /etc/mtab
              -n:     Don't erase /etc/mtab entries
              -r:     Try to remount devices as read-only if mount is busy
              -f:     Force filesystem umount (i.e. unreachable NFS server)
              -l:     Do not free loop device (if a loop device has been used)

  Example:

              $ umount /dev/hdc1

  -------------------------------

uname

  uname [OPTION]...

  Print certain system information. With no OPTION, same as -s.

  Options:

              -a      print all information
              -m      the machine (hardware) type
              -n      print the machine's network node hostname
              -r      print the operating system release
              -s      print the operating system name
              -p      print the host processor type
              -v      print the operating system version

  Example:

              $ uname -a
              Linux debian 2.2.15pre13 #5 Tue Mar 14 16:03:50 MST 2000 i686 unknown

  -------------------------------

uniq

  uniq [OPTION]... [INPUT [OUTPUT]]

  Discard all but one of successive identical lines from INPUT (or standard input), writing to OUTPUT (or standard output).

  Options:

              -c      prefix lines by the number of occurrences
              -d      only print duplicate lines
              -u      only print unique lines

  Example:

              $ echo -e "a
              a
              b
              c
              c
              a" | sort | uniq
              a
              b
              c

  -------------------------------

unix2dos

  unix2dos [option] [file]

  See 'dos2unix --help' for help!

  -------------------------------

update

  update [options]

  Periodically flushes filesystem buffers.

  Options:

              -S      force use of sync(2) instead of flushing
              -s SECS call sync this often (default 30)
              -f SECS flush some buffers this often (default 5)

  -------------------------------

uptime

  uptime

  Display the time since the last boot.

  Example:

              $ uptime
                1:55pm  up  2:30, load average: 0.09, 0.04, 0.00

  -------------------------------

usleep

  usleep N

  Pause for N microseconds.

  Example:

              $ usleep 1000000
              [pauses for 1 second]

  -------------------------------

uudecode

  uudecode [FILE]...

  Uudecode a file that is uuencoded.

  Options:

              -o FILE direct output to FILE

  Example:

              $ uudecode -o busybox busybox.uu
              $ ls -l busybox
              -rwxr-xr-x   1 ams      ams        245264 Jun  7 21:35 busybox

  -------------------------------

uuencode

  uuencode [OPTION] [INFILE] REMOTEFILE

  Uuencode a file.

  Options:

              -m      use base64 encoding as of RFC1521

  Example:

              $ uuencode busybox busybox
              begin 755 busybox
              <encoded file snipped>
              $ uudecode busybox busybox > busybox.uu
              $

  -------------------------------

vi

  vi [OPTION] [FILE]...

  edit FILE.

  Options:

              -R      Read-only- do not write to the file.

  -------------------------------

watchdog

  watchdog DEV

  Periodically write to watchdog device DEV

  -------------------------------

wc

  wc [OPTION]... [FILE]...

  Print line, word, and byte counts for each FILE, and a total line if more than one FILE is specified. With no FILE, read standard input.

  Options:

              -c      print the byte counts
              -l      print the newline counts
              -L      print the length of the longest line
              -w      print the word counts

  Example:

              $ wc /etc/passwd
                   31      46    1365 /etc/passwd

  -------------------------------

wget

  wget [-c] [-O file] url

  wget retrieves files via HTTP or FTP

  Options:

              -c      continue retrieval of aborted transfers
              -q      quiet mode - do not print
              -O      save to filename ('-' for stdout)

  -------------------------------

which

  which [COMMAND ...]

  Locates a COMMAND.

  Example:

              $ which login
              /bin/login

  -------------------------------

whoami

  whoami

  Prints the user name associated with the current effective user id.

  -------------------------------

xargs

  xargs [COMMAND] [ARGS...]

  Executes COMMAND on every item given by standard input.

  Example:

              $ ls | xargs gzip
              $ find . -name '*.c' -print | xargs rm

  -------------------------------

yes

  yes [OPTION]... [STRING]...

  Repeatedly outputs a line with all specified `STRING(s),` or 'y'.

  -------------------------------

zcat

  zcat FILE

  Uncompress to stdout.

  -------------------------------

# LIBC NSS

GNU Libc uses the Name Service Switch (NSS) to configure the behavior of the C library for the local environment, and to configure how it reads system data, such as passwords and group information. BusyBox has made it Policy that it will never use NSS, and will never use and libc calls that make use of NSS. This allows you to run an embedded system without the need for installing an /etc/nsswitch.conf file and without and /lib/libnss_* libraries installed.

If you are using a system that is using a remote LDAP server for authentication via GNU libc NSS, and you want to use BusyBox, then you will need to adjust the BusyBox source. Chances are though, that if you have enough space to install of that stuff on your system, then you probably want the full GNU utilities.

# SEE ALSO

`textutils(1),` `shellutils(1),` etc...

# MAINTAINER

Erik Andersen <andersee@debian.org> <andersen@lineo.com>

# AUTHORS

The following people have contributed code to BusyBox whether they know it or not.

Erik Andersen <andersen@lineo.com>, <andersee@debian.org>

        Tons of new stuff, major rewrite of most of the
        core apps, tons of new apps as noted in header files.

Edward Betts <edward@debian.org>

        expr, hostid, logname, tty, wc, whoami, yes

    =for html <br>

John Beppu <beppu@lineo.com>

        du, head, nslookup, sort, tee, uniq

Brian Candler <B.Candler@pobox.com>

        tiny-ls(ls)

Randolph Chung <tausq@debian.org>

        fbset, ping, hostname, and mkfifo

Dave Cinege <dcinege@psychosis.com>

        more(v2), makedevs, dutmp, modularization, auto links file,
        various fixes, Linux Router Project maintenance

Karl M. Hegbloom <karlheg@debian.org>

        cp_mv.c, the test suite, various fixes to utility.c, &c.

Daniel Jacobowitz <dan@debian.org>

        mktemp.c

Matt Kraai <kraai@alumni.carnegiemellon.edu>

        documentation, bugfixes

John Lombardo <john@deltanet.com>

        dirname, tr

Glenn McGrath <bug1@netconnect.com.au>

        ar.c

Vladimir Oleynik <dzo@simtreas.ru>

        cmdedit, stty-port, locale, various fixes
        and irreconcilable critic of everything not perfect.

Bruce Perens <bruce@pixar.com>

        Original author of BusyBox. His code is still in many apps.

Chip Rosenthal <chip@unicom.com>, <crosenth@covad.com>

        wget - Contributed by permission of Covad Communications

Pavel Roskin <proski@gnu.org>

        Lots of bugs fixes and patches.

Gyepi Sam <gyepi@praxis-sw.com>

        Remote logging feature for syslogd

Linus Torvalds <torvalds@transmeta.com>

        mkswap, fsck.minix, mkfs.minix

Mark Whitley <markw@lineo.com>

        sed remix, bug fixes, style-guide, etc.

Charles P. Wright <cpwright@villagenet.com>

        gzip, mini-netcat(nc)

Enrique Zanardi <ezanardi@ull.es>

        tarcat (since removed), loadkmap, various fixes, Debian maintenance