Ada Reference Manual (Ada 2022) — Legal Information

# 11.4.3 Example of Exception Handling

#### Examples

1/5
Exception handling can be used to separate the detection of an error from the response to that error:
2/5
package File_System is
type Data_Type is ...;
type File_Handle is limited private;
3
File_Not_Found : exception;
procedure Open(F : in out File_Handle; Name : String);
-- raises File_Not_Found if named file does not exist
4
End_Of_File : exception;
procedure Read(F : in out File_Handle; Data : out Data_Type);
-- raises End_Of_File if the file is not open
5/5
...
private
...
end File_System;
5.1/5
package body File_System is
...
6/5
procedure Open(F : in out File_Handle; Name : String) is
begin
if File_Exists(Name) then
...
else
raise File_Not_Found with "File not found: " & Name & ".";
end if;
end Open;
7
procedure Read(F : in out File_Handle; Data : out Data_Type) is
begin
if F.Current_Position <= F.Last_Position then
...
else
raise End_Of_File;
end if;
end Read;
8
...
9
end File_System;
10/5
with Ada.Text_IO;
with Ada.Exceptions;
with File_System; use File_System;
use Ada;
procedure Main is
Verbosity_Desired : Boolean := ...;
begin
... -- call operations in File_System
exception
when End_Of_File =>
Close(Some_File);
when Not_Found_Error : File_Not_Found =>
Text_IO.Put_Line(Exceptions.Exception_Message(Not_Found_Error));
when The_Error : others =>
Text_IO.Put_Line("Unknown error:");
if Verbosity_Desired then
Text_IO.Put_Line(Exceptions.Exception_Information(The_Error));
else
Text_IO.Put_Line(Exceptions.Exception_Name(The_Error));
Text_IO.Put_Line(Exceptions.Exception_Message(The_Error));
end if;
raise;
end Main;
11/5
In the above example, the File_System package contains information about detecting certain exceptional situations, but it does not specify how to handle those situations. Procedure Main specifies how to handle them; other clients of File_System can have different handlers, even though the exceptional situations arise from the same basic causes.

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