Ada Reference Manual (Ada 2022) — Legal Information

# B.3.3 Unchecked Union Types

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Specifying aspect Unchecked_Union to have the value True defines an interface correspondence between a given discriminated type and some C union. The aspect requires that the associated type shall be given a representation that allocates no space for its discriminant(s).
Paragraphs 2 through 3 were moved to Annex J, “Obsolescent Features”.

#### Static Semantics

3.1/3
For a discriminated record type having a variant_part, the following language-defined representation aspect may be specified:
3.2/3
Unchecked_Union
The type of aspect Unchecked_Union is Boolean. If directly specified, the aspect_definition shall be a static expression. If not specified (including by inheritance), the aspect is False.

#### Legality Rules

Paragraphs 4 and 5 were deleted.
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A type for which aspect Unchecked_Union is True is called an unchecked union type. A subtype of an unchecked union type is defined to be an unchecked union subtype. An object of an unchecked union type is defined to be an unchecked union object.
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All component subtypes of an unchecked union type shall be C-compatible.
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If a component subtype of an unchecked union type is subject to a per-object constraint, then the component subtype shall be an unchecked union subtype.
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Any name that denotes a discriminant of an object of an unchecked union type shall occur within the declarative region of the type or as the selector_name of an aggregate, and shall not occur within a record_representation_clause.
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The type of a component declared in a variant_part of an unchecked union type shall not need finalization. In addition to the places where Legality Rules normally apply (see 12.3), this rule also applies in the private part of an instance of a generic unit. For an unchecked union type declared within the body of a generic unit, or within the body of any of its descendant library units, no part of the type of a component declared in a variant_part of the unchecked union type shall be of a formal private type or formal private extension declared within the formal part of the generic unit.
11/2
The completion of an incomplete or private type declaration having a known_discriminant_part shall not be an unchecked union type.
12/2
An unchecked union subtype shall only be passed as a generic actual parameter if the corresponding formal type has no known discriminants or is an unchecked union type.

#### Static Semantics

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An unchecked union type is eligible for convention C.
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All objects of an unchecked union type have the same size.
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Discriminants of objects of an unchecked union type are of size zero.
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Any check which would require reading a discriminant of an unchecked union object is suppressed (see 11.5). These checks include:
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The check performed when addressing a variant component (that is, a component that was declared in a variant part) of an unchecked union object that the object has this component (see 4.1.3).
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Any checks associated with a type or subtype conversion of a value of an unchecked union type (see 4.6). This includes, for example, the check associated with the implicit subtype conversion of an assignment statement.
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The subtype membership check associated with the evaluation of a qualified expression (see 4.7) or an uninitialized allocator (see 4.8).

#### Dynamic Semantics

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A view of an unchecked union object (including a type conversion or function call) has inferable discriminants if it has a constrained nominal subtype, unless the object is a component of an enclosing unchecked union object that is subject to a per-object constraint and the enclosing object lacks inferable discriminants.
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An expression of an unchecked union type has inferable discriminants if it is either a name of an object with inferable discriminants or a qualified expression whose subtype_mark denotes a constrained subtype.
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Program_Error is raised in the following cases:
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Evaluation of the predefined equality operator for an unchecked union type if either of the operands lacks inferable discriminants.
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Evaluation of the predefined equality operator for a type which has a subcomponent of an unchecked union type whose nominal subtype is unconstrained.
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Evaluation of an individual membership test if the subtype_mark (if any) denotes a constrained unchecked union subtype and the tested_simple_expression lacks inferable discriminants.
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Conversion from a derived unchecked union type to an unconstrained non-unchecked-union type if the operand of the conversion lacks inferable discriminants.
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Execution of the default implementation of the Write or Read attribute of an unchecked union type.
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Execution of the default implementation of the Output or Input attribute of an unchecked union type if the type lacks default discriminant values.
Paragraph 29 was deleted.
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NOTE The use of an unchecked union to obtain the effect of an unchecked conversion results in erroneous execution (see 11.5). Execution of the following example is erroneous even if Float'Size = Integer'Size:
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type T (Flag : Boolean := False) is
record
case Flag is
when False =>
F1 : Float := 0.0;
when True =>
F2 : Integer := 0;
end case;
end record
with Unchecked_Union;
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X : T;
Y : Integer := X.F2; -- erroneous

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