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<avr/lock.h>: Lockbit Support
\par Introduction

The Lockbit API allows a user to specify the lockbit settings for the 
specific AVR device they are compiling for. These lockbit settings will be 
placed in a special section in the ELF output file, after linking.

Programming tools can take advantage of the lockbit information embedded in
the ELF file, by extracting this information and determining if the lockbits
need to be programmed after programming the Flash and EEPROM memories.
This also allows a single ELF file to contain all the
information needed to program an AVR. 

To use the Lockbit API, include the <avr/io.h> header file, which in turn
automatically includes the individual I/O header file and the <avr/lock.h>
file. These other two files provides everything necessary to set the AVR
lockbits.

\par Lockbit API

Each I/O header file may define up to 3 macros that controls what kinds
of lockbits are available to the user.

If __LOCK_BITS_EXIST is defined, then two lock bits are available to the
user and 3 mode settings are defined for these two bits.

If __BOOT_LOCK_BITS_0_EXIST is defined, then the two BLB0 lock bits are
available to the user and 4 mode settings are defined for these two bits.

If __BOOT_LOCK_BITS_1_EXIST is defined, then the two BLB1 lock bits are
available to the user and 4 mode settings are defined for these two bits.

If __BOOT_LOCK_APPLICATION_TABLE_BITS_EXIST is defined then two lock bits
are available to set the locking mode for the Application Table Section 
(which is used in the XMEGA family).

If __BOOT_LOCK_APPLICATION_BITS_EXIST is defined then two lock bits are
available to set the locking mode for the Application Section (which is used
in the XMEGA family).

If __BOOT_LOCK_BOOT_BITS_EXIST is defined then two lock bits are available
to set the locking mode for the Boot Loader Section (which is used in the
XMEGA family).

The AVR lockbit modes have inverted values, logical 1 for an unprogrammed 
(disabled) bit and logical 0 for a programmed (enabled) bit. The defined 
macros for each individual lock bit represent this in their definition by a 
bit-wise inversion of a mask. For example, the LB_MODE_3 macro is defined 
as:
@code 
#define LB_MODE_3  (0xFC)

`

To combine the lockbit mode macros together to represent a whole byte,
use the bitwise AND operator, like so:
@code 
(LB_MODE_3 & BLB0_MODE_2)
\endcode

<avr/lock.h> also defines a macro that provides a default lockbit value:
LOCKBITS_DEFAULT which is defined to be 0xFF.

See the AVR device specific datasheet for more details about these
lock bits and the available mode settings.

A convenience macro, LOCKMEM, is defined as a GCC attribute for a 
custom-named section of ".lock".

A convenience macro, LOCKBITS, is defined that declares a variable, __lock, 
of type unsigned char with the attribute defined by LOCKMEM. This variable
allows the end user to easily set the lockbit data.

\note If a device-specific I/O header file has previously defined LOCKMEM,
then LOCKMEM is not redefined. If a device-specific I/O header file has
previously defined LOCKBITS, then LOCKBITS is not redefined. LOCKBITS is
currently known to be defined in the I/O header files for the XMEGA devices.

\par API Usage Example

Putting all of this together is easy:

@code 
#include <avr/io.h>

LOCKBITS = (LB_MODE_1 & BLB0_MODE_3 & BLB1_MODE_4);

int main(void)
{
    return 0;
}
\endcode

Or:

@code 
#include <avr/io.h>

unsigned char __lock __attribute__((section (".lock"))) = 
    (LB_MODE_1 & BLB0_MODE_3 & BLB1_MODE_4);

int main(void)
{
    return 0;
}
\endcode

However there are a number of caveats that you need to be aware of to
use this API properly.

Be sure to include <avr/io.h> to get all of the definitions for the API.
The LOCKBITS macro defines a global variable to store the lockbit data. This 
variable is assigned to its own linker section. Assign the desired lockbit 
values immediately in the variable initialization.

The .lock section in the ELF file will get its values from the initial 
variable assignment ONLY. This means that you can NOT assign values to 
this variable in functions and the new values will not be put into the
ELF .lock section.

The global variable is declared in the LOCKBITS macro has two leading 
underscores, which means that it is reserved for the "implementation",
meaning the library, so it will not conflict with a user-named variable.

You must initialize the lockbit variable to some meaningful value, even
if it is the default value. This is because the lockbits default to a 
logical 1, meaning unprogrammed. Normal uninitialized data defaults to all 
locgial zeros. So it is vital that all lockbits are initialized, even with 
default data. If they are not, then the lockbits may not programmed to the 
desired settings and can possibly put your device into an unrecoverable 
state.

Be sure to have the -mmcu=<em>device</em> flag in your compile command line and
your linker command line to have the correct device selected and to have 
the correct I/O header file included when you include <avr/io.h>.

You can print out the contents of the .lock section in the ELF file by
using this command line:
@code 
avr-objdump -s -j .lock <ELF file>
\endcode

Automatically generated by Doxygen 1.8.1.1 on Fri Aug 17 2012.