- Home
- Get it
- Docs
- Extend/Develop

# Internationalization

New in version 1.1.

Complementary to translations provided for Sphinx-generated messages such as navigation bars, Sphinx provides mechanisms facilitating document translations in itself. See the Options for internationalization for details on configuration.

Workflow visualization of translations in Sphinx. (The stick-figure is taken from an XKCD comic.)

- Sphinx internationalization details
- Translating with sphinx-intl
  - Quick guide
  - Translating
  - Update your po files by new pot files
- Using Transifex service for team translation
- Contributing to Sphinx reference translation

## Sphinx internationalization details

gettext [1] is an established standard for internationalization and localization. It naively maps messages in a program to a translated string. Sphinx uses these facilities to translate whole documents.

Initially project maintainers have to collect all translatable strings (also referred to as messages) to make them known to translators. Sphinx extracts these through invocation of `sphinx-build -b gettext`.

Every single element in the doctree will end up in a single message which results in lists being equally split into different chunks while large paragraphs will remain as coarsely-grained as they were in the original document. This grants seamless document updates while still providing a little bit of context for translators in free-text passages. It is the maintainer’s task to split up paragraphs which are too large as there is no sane automated way to do that.

After Sphinx successfully ran the `MessageCatalogBuilder` you will find a collection of `.pot` files in your output directory. These are catalog templates and contain messages in your original language only.

They can be delivered to translators which will transform them to `.po` files — so called message catalogs — containing a mapping from the original messages to foreign-language strings.

Gettext compiles them into a binary format known as binary catalogs through msgfmt for efficiency reasons. If you make these files discoverable with `locale_dirs` for your `language`, Sphinx will pick them up automatically.

An example: you have a document `usage.rst` in your Sphinx project. The gettext builder will put its messages into `usage.pot`. Imagine you have Spanish translations [2] on your hands in `usage.po` — for your builds to be translated you need to follow these instructions:

- Compile your message catalog to a locale directory, say `locale`, so it ends up in `./locale/es/LC_MESSAGES/usage.mo` in your source directory (where `es` is the language code for Spanish.)

      msgfmt "usage.po" -o "locale/es/LC_MESSAGES/usage.mo"

- Set `locale_dirs` to `["locale/"]`.

- Set `language` to `es` (also possible via `-D`).

- Run your desired build.

## Translating with sphinx-intl

### Quick guide

sphinx-intl is a useful tool to work with Sphinx translation flow. This section describe an easy way to translate with sphinx-intl.

1. Install sphinx-intl by pip install sphinx-intl or easy_install sphinx-intl.

2. Add configurations to your conf.py:

       locale_dirs = ['locale/']   # path is example but recommended.
       gettext_compact = False     # optional.

   This case-study assumes that `locale_dirs` is set to ‘locale/’ and `gettext_compact` is set to False (the Sphinx document is already configured as such).

3. Extract document’s translatable messages into pot files:

       $ make gettext

   As a result, many pot files are generated under `_build/gettext` directory.

4. Setup/Update your locale_dir:

       $ sphinx-intl update -p _build/gettext -l de -l ja

   Done. You got these directories that contain po files:

   - ./locale/de/LC_MESSAGES/
   - ./locale/ja/LC_MESSAGES/

5. Translate your po files under ./locale/<lang>/LC_MESSAGES/.

6. make translated document.

   You need a `language` parameter in `conf.py` or you may also specify the parameter on the command line:

       $ make -e SPHINXOPTS="-D language='de'" html

Congratulations! You got the translated documentation in the `_build/html` directory.

New in version 1.3: sphinx-build that is invoked by make command will build po files into mo files.

If you are using 1.2.x or earlier, please invoke `sphinx-intl build` command before make command.

### Translating

Translate po file under `./locale/de/LC_MESSAGES` directory. The case of builders.po file for sphinx document:

    # a5600c3d2e3d48fc8c261ea0284db79b
    #: ../../builders.rst:4
    msgid "Available builders"
    msgstr "<FILL HERE BY TARGET LANGUAGE>"

Another case, msgid is multi-line text and contains reStructuredText syntax:

    # 302558364e1d41c69b3277277e34b184
    #: ../../builders.rst:9
    msgid ""
    "These are the built-in Sphinx builders. More builders can be added by "
    ":ref:`extensions <extensions>`."
    msgstr ""
    "FILL HERE BY TARGET LANGUAGE FILL HERE BY TARGET LANGUAGE FILL HERE "
    "BY TARGET LANGUAGE :ref:`EXTENSIONS <extensions>` FILL HERE."

Please be careful not to break reST notation. Most po-editors will help you with that.

### Update your po files by new pot files

If a document is updated, it is necessary to generate updated pot files and to apply differences to translated po files. In order to apply the updating difference of a pot file to po file, use the sphinx-intl update command.

    $ sphinx-intl update -p _build/locale

## Using Transifex service for team translation

Transifex is one of several services that allow collaborative translation via a web interface. It has a nifty Python-based command line client that makes it easy to fetch and push translations.

1. Install transifex-client

   You need tx command to upload resources (pot files).

       $ pip install transifex-client

   See also

   Transifex Client v0.8 &mdash; Transifex documentation

2. Create your transifex account and create new project for your document

   Currently, transifex does not allow for a translation project to have more than one version of the document, so you’d better include a version number in your project name.

   For example:

   Project ID: | `sphinx-document-test_1_0`
   Project URL: | `https://www.transifex.com/projects/p/sphinx-document-test_1_0/`

3. Create config files for tx command

   This process will create `.tx/config` in the current directory, as well as a `~/.transifexrc` file that includes auth information.

       $ tx init
       Creating .tx folder...
       Transifex instance [https://www.transifex.com]:
       ...
       Please enter your transifex username: <transifex-username>
       Password: <transifex-password>
       ...
       Done.

4. Upload pot files to transifex service

   Register pot files to `.tx/config` file:

       $ cd /your/document/root
       $ sphinx-intl update-txconfig-resources --pot-dir _build/locale \
         --transifex-project-name sphinx-document-test_1_0

   and upload pot files:

       $ tx push -s
       Pushing translations for resource sphinx-document-test_1_0.builders:
       Pushing source file (locale/pot/builders.pot)
       Resource does not exist.  Creating...
       ...
       Done.

5. Forward the translation on transifex

6. Pull translated po files and make translated html

   Get translated catalogs and build mo files (ex. for ‘de’):

       $ cd /your/document/root
       $ tx pull -l de
       Pulling translations for resource sphinx-document-test_1_0.builders (...)
        -> de: locale/de/LC_MESSAGES/builders.po
       ...
       Done.

   Invoke make html:

       $ make -e SPHINXOPTS="-D language='de'" html

That’s all!

Tip

Translating locally and on Transifex

If you want to push all language’s po files, you can be done by using tx push -t command. Watch out! This operation overwrites translations in transifex.

In other words, if you have updated each in the service and local po files, it would take much time and effort to integrate them.

## Contributing to Sphinx reference translation

The recommended way for new contributors to translate Sphinx reference is to join the translation team on Transifex.

There is sphinx translation page for Sphinx-1.3 documentation.

1. Login to transifex service.
2. Go to sphinx translation page.
3. Click `Request language` and fill form.
4. Wait acceptance by transifex sphinx translation maintainers.
5. (after acceptance) translate on transifex.

Footnotes

[1] | See the GNU gettext utilities for details on that software suite.

[2] | Because nobody expects the Spanish Inquisition!