 
NAIF Integer ID codes
===========================================================================
 
 
Revisions
--------------------------------------------------------
 
   Last revised on 2009 APR 09 by E. D. Wright.
 
   This version of the document supersedes all previous versions.
 
 
Abstract
--------------------------------------------------------
 
   The NAIF IDS required reading lists all default ID-name mappings for the
   SPICE/CSPICE toolkits and a description of functionality of the
   corresponding software.
 
 
Introduction
--------------------------------------------------------
 
   SPICE system kernel files and subroutines refer to ephemeris objects,
   reference frames, and instruments by integer codes.
 
   An ephemeris object is any object that may have ephemeris or trajectory
   data such as a planet, natural satellite, tracking station, spacecraft,
   barycenter (the center of mass of a group of bodies), asteroid, or
   comet. Each body in the solar system is associated with an integer code
   for use with SPICE. The names and codes for many of these objects are
   listed below.
 
   Spacecraft ID codes are negative. These ID codes are usually derived
   from NASA control authority assignments. Instruments mounted on
   spacecraft also have ID codes. These are determined by multiplying the
   spacecraft ID by 1000 and subtracting the ordinal number of the
   instrument from the resulting product. Thus we can algorithmically
   recover the spacecraft code from an instrument code, and each instrument
   may have a unique code as long as there are 999 or fewer on a
   spacecraft.
 
   Caution: the NASA spacecraft ID control authority at GSFC is forced into
   reusing some IDs. This can affect the SPICE system for planetary or
   other spacecraft for which ID-name mappings are registered. (Here
   "registered" means a spacecraft for which use of the SPICE system is an
   actuality, or was contemplated.) Three cases exist.
 
       1.   This document and SPICE ID-to-name mapping software include
            both past and current ID-name mappings for cases where both the
            old and the new ID assignments are for spacecraft registered
            within SPICE. The last mentioned ID-to-name mapping in this
            document is the one that will be used in SPICE software to
            effect ID-to-name translations within SPICE-based code.
 
       2.   his document and SPICE ID-to-name mapping software contain only
            a mapping for the current use of a given ID if prior uses
            involved spacecraft never registered with SPICE (e.g. many
            non-planetary missions).
 
       3.   This document and SPICE ID-to-name mapping software contain
            only a mapping for a prior use of a given ID if that prior use
            was for a spacecraft registered within SPICE and current use of
            the ID is for a spacecraft not registered within SPICE.
 
   For spacecraft the ID-to-name mapping may be a one-to-many mapping,
   allowing two or more names for a spacecraft to exist for a single
   numeric ID. The last mentioned ID-to-name mapping in this document is
   the one that will be used in SPICE software to effect ID-to-name
   translations within SPICE-based code.
 
   As the reader will see, ID codes now show the wear that results from an
   expanding system. As the SPICE system has expanded so has the number of
   objects that require identifying codes. Many of these objects do not fit
   neatly into the schemes originally envisioned as needing ID codes. As a
   result, the current system is a bit eclectic.
 
 
Use of Code-to-Name/Name-to-Code Mappings from SPICE
--------------------------------------------------------
 
   Software exists within the SPICE system that allows a user to easily map
   between an integer code and the object name that code represents or
   vice-versa.
 
   bodc2n_c performs the integer code to name mapping; input a code, the
   routine returns the corresponding name:
 
         bodc2n_c( code, lenout, &name, &found );
 
         Where ``lenout'' defines the maximum string length for name.
 
   bodn2c_c performs the name to integer code mapping; input a name, the
   routine returns the corresponding ID code:
 
         bodn2c_c( name, &code, &found );
 
   boddef_c performs a run-time assignment of a name/code mapping for later
   translation by bodc2n_c and bodn2c_c:
 
         boddef_c( name, code );
 
   with `name' defining the character string associated with integer
   `code'. When using bodn2c_c, the `name' look-up is case insensitive,
   left justified, and space compressed (multiple spaces between words
   reduced to one) format. Spaces between words are significant.
 
         These strings are equivalent:
            'EARTH', '  Earth ', 'earth  '
         As well as:
            'Solar System Barycenter', 'SOLAR  System  barycenter'
         but
            'SolarSystemBarycenter'
         is not due to the lack of spaces between words.
 
   The boolean `found' has value true if a mapping look-up succeeded, false
   otherwise.
 
 
Use of an External Mapping Definition Kernel
 
   If necessary, a user may elect to load additional name-ID pairs for
   access by SPICE software. These pairs may be new definitions, or they
   may override the default mapping assignment.
 
   Create new name-ID pairs With a text kernel such as
 
         \begintext
 
         Define an additional set of body, ID code mappings.
 
         \begindata
 
         NAIF_BODY_CODE  += ( 22, 23, 24, 25 )
 
         NAIF_BODY_NAME  += ( 'LARRY', 'MOE', 'CURLEY', 'SHEMP' )
 
   Load the kernel as usual with a furnsh_c call. The names defined in
   NAIF_BODY_NAME map to the corresponding index of NAIF_BODY_CODE, i.e.
   LARRY->22, MOE->23, etc, and the IDs in NAIF_BODY_CODE map to the
   corresponding index of NAIF_BODY_NAME.
 
   If an external ID kernel is used, be aware of several rules:
 
       1.   All ID codes MUST be listed in the kernel variable
            NAIF_BODY_CODE, and all names MUST be listed in the kernel
            variable NAIF_BODY_NAME.
 
       2.   The CSPICE system can access 2000 external name-ID pairs
            defined via a text kernel. CSPICE signals an error when the
            number of assignments exceeds 2000.
 
       3.   You may assign an ID code to multiple names. A bodc2n_c call
            returns the last name assigned; a last in, first out situation.
 
   Since NAIF_BODY_CODE and NAIF_BODY_NAME are kernel variables, use of the
   "+=" notation in the previous example means the values are appended to
   the mapping set present in memory. For example, the block:
 
         \begindata
 
         NAIF_BODY_CODE  += ( 170100, 170101 )
 
         NAIF_BODY_NAME  += ( 'Enterprise', 'Enterprise-A' )
 
   appends the two pairings to the existent set of mappings.
 
   CAUTION: Use of the assignment operator, ''='', instead of the append
   operator, ''+='', destroys any previous name-ID definitions for a kernel
   variable.
 
 
Masking
 
   As of release N53, the SPICE Toolkit provides the user the functionality
   to override or mask any name/ID mapping. Use a boddef_c call or define
   NAIF_BODY_NAME, NAIF_BODY_CODE assignments from a text kernel to perform
   a masking operations. Simplistically, the mask functionality provides
   the user the option of mapping multiple names to the same code.
 
   Name/ID assignments function within a precedence hierarchy, so a lower
   precedence operation cannot affect previous assignments created by an
   operation of higher precedence. Kernel pool definitions have the highest
   precedence, boddef_c definitions next, and finally the default
   definitions. The order of assignments is significant.
 
                                       Highest precedence
 
                                      (1) Kernel pool final assignment
 
                                (2) Kernel pool initial assignment
 
                          (3) A ``boddef'' call final assignment
 
                    (4) A ``boddef'' call initial assignment
 
              (5) The default mappings final assignment
 
        (6) The default mappings initial assignment
 
        Lowest precedence
 
   Example 1:
 
   Assign the name 'x' (lower case) to ID 1000 with boddef_c:
 
         boddef_c( "x", 1000 );
 
   A call to bodc2n_c with 1000 as the input ID:
 
         bodc2n_c( 1000, lenout, &name, &found );
 
   returns the name 'x'. The bodn2c_c calls:
 
         bodn2c_c( "x", &code, &found );
         bodn2c_c( "X", &code, &found );
 
   both return the ID as 1000. Note the case insensitivity of the name
   input.
 
   Now a demo of simple masking functionality. Assign a new name to ID
   1000:
 
         boddef_c( "Y", 1000 );
 
   so the bodn2c_c call
 
         bodn2c_c( "Y", &code, &found );
 
   returns an ID of 1000. In a similar manner, the bodc2n_c call:
 
         bodc2n_c( 1000, lenout, &name, &found );
 
   returns the name 'Y'. Still, the code assigned to 'x' persists within
   CSPICE as the call:
 
         bodn2c_c( "x", &code, &found );
 
   also returns ID 1000. If we reassign 'Y' to a different ID:
 
         boddef_c( "Y", 1001 );
 
   then make a bodc2n_c call with 1000 as the input ID:
 
         bodc2n_c( 1000, lenout, &name, &found );
 
   the routine returns the name 'x'. We assigned an ID to 'x', masked it
   with another name, then demasked it by reassigning the masking name,
   'Y'.
 
   If a boddef_c assigns an existing name to an existing code, that
   assignment takes precedence.
 
   Example 2:
 
         bodn2c_c( "THEBE", &code, &found );
 
   returns a code value 514. Likewise
 
         bodc2n_c( 514, &name, &found );
 
   returns a name of 'THEBE'. Yet the name '1979J2' also maps to code 514,
   but with lower precedence.
 
   The boddef_c call:
 
         boddef_c( "1979J2", 514 );
 
   places the '1979J2' <-> 514 mapping at the top of the precedence list,
   so:
 
         bodc2n_c( 514, &name, &found );
 
   returns the name '1979J2'. Note, 'THEBE' still resolves to 514.
 
   In those cases where a kernel pool assignment overrides a boddef_c, the
   boddef_c mapping 'reappears' when an unload_c, kclear_c or clpool_c call
   clears the kernel pool mappings.
 
   Example 3:
 
   Execute a boddef_c call:
 
         boddef_c( "vehicle2", -1010 );
 
   A bodc2n_c call:
 
         bodc2n_c( -1010, lenout, &name, &found );
 
   returns the name 'vehicle2' as expected. If you then load the name/ID
   kernel body.ker:
 
         \begindata
 
         NAIF_BODY_NAME = ( 'vehicle1' )
         NAIF_BODY_CODE = ( -1010      )
 
         \begintext
 
   with furnsh_c:
 
         furnsh_c( "body.ker" );
 
   the bodc2n_c call:
 
         bodc2n_c( -1010, lenout, &name, &found );
 
   returns 'vehicle1' since the kernel assignment take precedence over the
   boddef_c assignment.
 
   The name/ID map state:
 
          -1010    -> vehicle1
          vehicle1 -> -1010
          vehicle2 -> -1010
 
   Now, unload the body kernel:
 
         unload_c( "body.ker" );
 
   The boddef_c assignment resumes highest precedence.
 
         bodc2n_c( -1010, lenout, &name, &found );
 
   The call returns 'vehicle2' for the name.
 
   CAUTION: Please understand a clpool_c or kclear_c call deletes all
   mapping assignments defined through the kernel pool. No similar clear
   functionality exists to clear boddef_c. boddef_c assignments persist
   unless explicitly overridden.
 
 
NAIF Object ID numbers
--------------------------------------------------------
 
   In theory, a unique integer can be assigned to each body in the solar
   system, including interplanetary spacecraft. SPICE uses integer codes
   instead of names to refer to ephemeris bodies for three reasons.
 
       1.   Space
 
            Integer codes are smaller than alphanumeric names.
 
       2.   Uniqueness
 
            The names of some satellites conflict with the names of some
            asteroids and comets. Also, some satellites are commonly
            referred to by names other than those approved by the IAU.
 
       3.   Context
 
            The type of a body (barycenter, planet, satellite, comet,
            asteroid, or spacecraft) and the system to which it belongs
            (Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, or Pluto) can
            be recovered algorithmically from the integer code assigned to
            a body. This is not generally true for names.
 
 
Barycenters
 
   The smallest positive codes are reserved for the Sun and planetary
   barycenters:
 
         NAIF ID     NAME
         ________    ____________________
         0           'SSB'
         0           'SOLAR SYSTEM BARYCENTER'
         1           'MERCURY BARYCENTER'
         2           'VENUS BARYCENTER'
         3           'EMB'
         3           'EARTH MOON BARYCENTER'
         3           'EARTH-MOON BARYCENTER'
         3           'EARTH BARYCENTER'
         4           'MARS BARYCENTER'
         5           'JUPITER BARYCENTER'
         6           'SATURN BARYCENTER'
         7           'URANUS BARYCENTER'
         8           'NEPTUNE BARYCENTER'
         9           'PLUTO BARYCENTER'
         10          'SUN'
 
   For those planets without moons, Mercury and Venus, the barycenter
   location coincides with the body center of mass. However do not infer
   you may interchange use of the planet barycenter ID and the planet ID. A
   barycenter has no radii, right ascension/declination of the pole axis,
   etc. Use the planet ID when referring to a planet or any property of
   that planet.
 
 
Planets and Satellites
 
   Planets have ID codes of the form P99, where P is 1, ..., 9 (the
   planetary ID); a planet is always considered to be the 99th satellite of
   its own barycenter, e.g. Jupiter is body number 599. Natural satellites
   have ID codes of the form
 
              PNN, where
 
                     P  is  1, ..., 9
                 and NN is 01, ... 98
 
   or
 
              PXNNN, where
 
                     P   is    1, ...,  9,
                     X   is    0  or    5,
                 and NNN is  001, ... 999
 
           Codes with X = 5 are provisional.
 
   e.g. Ananke, the 12th satellite of Jupiter (JXII), is body number 512.
   (Note the fragments of comet Shoemaker Levy 9 are exceptions to this
   rule.)
 
         NAIF ID     NAME                    IAU NUMBER
         ________    ____________________    __________
         199         'MERCURY'
         299         'VENUS'
         399         'EARTH'
         301         'MOON'
         499         'MARS'
         401         'PHOBOS'                MI
         402         'DEIMOS'                MII
         599         'JUPITER'
         501         'IO'                    JI
         502         'EUROPA'                JII
         503         'GANYMEDE'              JIII
         504         'CALLISTO'              JIV
         505         'AMALTHEA'              JV
         506         'HIMALIA'               JVI
         507         'ELARA'                 JVII
         508         'PASIPHAE'              JVIII
         509         'SINOPE'                JIX
         510         'LYSITHEA'              JX
         511         'CARME'                 JXI
         512         'ANANKE'                JXII
         513         'LEDA'                  JXIII
         514         'THEBE'                 JXIV
         515         'ADRASTEA'              JXV
         516         'METIS'                 JXVI
         517         'CALLIRRHOE'            JXVII
         518         'THEMISTO'              JXVIII
         519         'MAGACLITE'             JXIX
         520         'TAYGETE'               JXX
         521         'CHALDENE'              JXXI
         522         'HARPALYKE'             JXXII
         523         'KALYKE'                JXXIII
         524         'IOCASTE'               JXXIV
         525         'ERINOME'               JXXV
         526         'ISONOE'                JXXVI
         527         'PRAXIDIKE'             JXXVII
         528         'AUTONOE'               JXXVIII
         529         'THYONE'                JXXIX
         530         'HERMIPPE'              JXXX
         531         'AITNE'                 JXXXI
         532         'EURYDOME'              JXXXII
         533         'EUANTHE'               JXXXIII
         534         'EUPORIE'               JXXXIV
         535         'ORTHOSIE'              JXXXV
         536         'SPONDE'                JXXXVI
         537         'KALE'                  JXXXVII
         538         'PASITHEE'              JXXXVIII
         539         'HEGEMONE'
         540         'MNEME'
         541         'AOEDE'
         542         'THELXINOE'
         543         'ARCHE'
         544         'KALLICHORE'
         545         'HELIKE'
         546         'CARPO'
         547         'EUKELADE'
         548         'CYLLENE'
         549         'KORE'
 
         699         'SATURN'
         601         'MIMAS'                 SI
         602         'ENCELADUS'             SII
         603         'TETHYS'                SIII
         604         'DIONE'                 SIV
         605         'RHEA'                  SV
         606         'TITAN'                 SVI
         607         'HYPERION'              SVII
         608         'IAPETUS'               SVIII
         609         'PHOEBE'                SIX
         610         'JANUS'                 SX
         611         'EPIMETHEUS'            SXI
         612         'HELENE'                SXII
         613         'TELESTO'               SXIII
         614         'CALYPSO'               SXIV
         615         'ATLAS'                 SXV
         616         'PROMETHEUS'            SXVI
         617         'PANDORA'               SXVII
         618         'PAN'                   SXVIII
         619         'YMIR'                  SXIX
         620         'PAALIAQ'               SXX
         621         'TARVOS'                SXXI
         622         'IJIRAQ'                SXXII
         623         'SUTTUNGR'              SXXIII
         624         'KIVIUQ'                SXXIV
         625         'MUNDILFARI'            SXXV
         626         'ALBIORIX'              SXXVI
         627         'SKATHI'                SXXVII
         628         'ERRIAPUS'              SXXVIII
         629         'SIARNAQ'               SXXIX
         630         'THRYMR'                SXXX
         631         'NARVI'                 SXXXI
         632         'METHONE'               SXXXII
         633         'PALLENE'               SXXXIII
         634         'POLYDEUCES'            SXXXIV
         635         'DAPHNIS'
         636         'AEGIR'
         637         'BEBHIONN'
         638         'BERGELMIR'
         639         'BESTLA'
         640         'FARBAUTI'
         641         'FENRIR'
         642         'FORNJOT'
         643         'HATI'
         644         'HYROKKIN'
         645         'KARI'
         646         'LOGE'
         647         'SKOLL'
         648         'SURTUR'
         649         'ANTHE'
         650         'JARNSAXA'
         651         'GREIP'
         652         'TARQEQ'
 
         799         'URANUS'
         701         'ARIEL'                 UI
         702         'UMBRIEL'               UII
         703         'TITANIA'               UIII
         704         'OBERON'                UIV
         705         'MIRANDA'               UV
         706         'CORDELIA'              UVI
         707         'OPHELIA'               UVII
         708         'BIANCA'                UVIII
         709         'CRESSIDA'              UIX
         710         'DESDEMONA'             UX
         711         'JULIET'                UXI
         712         'PORTIA'                UXII
         713         'ROSALIND'              UXIII
         714         'BELINDA'               UXIV
         715         'PUCK'                  UXV
         716         'CALIBAN'               UXVI
         717         'SYCORAX'               UXVII
         718         'PROSPERO'              UXVIII
         719         'SETEBOS'               UXIX
         720         'STEPHANO'              UXX
         721         'TRINCULO'              UXXI
         722         'FRANCISCO'
         723         'MARGARET'
         724         'FERDINAND'
         725         'PERDITA'
         726         'MAB'
         727         'CUPID'
         899         'NEPTUNE'
         801         'TRITON'                NI
         802         'NEREID'                NII
         803         'NAIAD'                 NIII
         804         'THALASSA'              NIV
         805         'DESPINA'               NV
         806         'GALATEA'               NVI
         807         'LARISSA'               NVII
         808         'PROTEUS'               NVIII
         809         'HALIMEDE'
         810         'PSAMATHE'
         811         'SAO'
         812         'LAOMEDEIA'
         813         'NESO'
         999         'PLUTO'
         901         'CHARON'                PI
         902         'NIX'
         903         'HYDRA'
 
 
Spacecraft
 
   THE SPICE convention uses negative integers as spacecraft ID codes. The
   code assigned to interplanetary spacecraft is normally the negative of
   the code assigned to the same spacecraft by JPL's Deep Space Network
   (DSN) as determined the NASA control authority at Goddard Space Flight
   Center.
 
   The current SPICE vehicle code assignments:
 
         NAIF ID     NAME
         ________    ____________________
         -1          'GEOTAIL'
         -5          'PLC'
         -5          'PLANET-C'
         -6          'P6'
         -6          'PIONEER-6'
         -7          'P7'
         -7          'PIONEER-7'
         -8          'WIND'
         -12         'VENUS ORBITER'
         -12         'P12'
         -12         'PIONEER 12'
         -13         'POLAR'
         -18         'MGN'
         -18         'MAGELLAN'
         -18         'LCROSS'
         -20         'P8'
         -20         'PIONEER-8'
         -21         'SOHO'
         -23         'P10'
         -23         'PIONEER-10'
         -24         'P11'
         -24         'PIONEER-11'
         -25         'LP'
         -25         'LUNAR PROSPECTOR'
         -27         'VK1'
         -27         'VIKING 1 ORBITER'
         -29         'STARDUST'
         -29         'SDU'
         -29         'NEXT'
         -30         'VK2'
         -30         'VIKING 2 ORBITER'
         -30         'DS-1'
         -31         'VG1'
         -31         'VOYAGER 1'
         -32         'VG2'
         -32         'VOYAGER 2'
         -40         'CLEMENTINE'
         -41         'MEX'
         -41         'MARS EXPRESS'
         -44         'BEAGLE2'
         -44         'BEAGLE 2'
         -46         'MS-T5'
         -46         'SAKIGAKE'
         -47         'PLANET-A'
         -47         'SUISEI'
         -47         'GNS'
         -47         'GENESIS'
         -48         'HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE'
         -48         'HST'
         -53         'MARS PATHFINDER'
         -53         'MPF'
         -53         'MARS ODYSSEY'
         -53         'MARS SURVEYOR 01 ORBITER'
         -55         'ULYSSES'
         -58         'VSOP'
         -58         'HALCA'
         -59         'RADIOASTRON'
         -61         'JUNO'
         -76         'MSL'
         -76         'MARS SCIENCE LABORATORY'
         -66         'VEGA 1'
         -67         'VEGA 2'
         -68         'MMO'
         -68         'MERCURY MAGNETOSPHERIC ORBITER'
         -69         'MPO'
         -69         'MERCURY PLANETARY ORBITER'
         -70         'DEEP IMPACT IMPACTOR SPACECRAFT'
         -74         'MRO'
         -74         'MARS RECON ORBITER'
         -77         'GLL'
         -77         'GALILEO ORBITER'
         -78         'GIOTTO'
         -79         'SPITZER'
         -79         'SPACE INFRARED TELESCOPE FACILITY'
         -79         'SIRTF'
         -81         'CASSINI ITL'
         -82         'CAS'
         -82         'CASSINI'
         -84         'PHOENIX'
         -85         'LRO'
         -85         'LUNAR RECON ORBITER'
         -85         'LUNAR RECONNAISSANCE ORBITER'
         -86         'CH1'
         -86         'CHANDRAYAAN-1'
         -90         'CASSINI SIMULATION'
         -93         'NEAR EARTH ASTEROID RENDEZVOUS'
         -93         'NEAR'
         -94         'MO'
         -94         'MARS OBSERVER'
         -94         'MGS'
         -94         'MARS GLOBAL SURVEYOR'
         -95         'MGS SIMULATION'
         -97         'TOPEX/POSEIDON'
         -98         'NEW HORIZONS'
         -107        'TROPICAL RAINFALL MEASURING MISSION'
         -107        'TRMM'
         -112        'ICE'
         -116        'MARS POLAR LANDER'
         -116        'MPL'
         -127        'MARS CLIMATE ORBITER'
         -127        'MCO'
         -130        'MUSES-C'
         -130        'HAYABUSA'
         -131        'SELENE'
         -131        'KAGUYA'
         -135        'DRTS-W'
         -140        'EPOCH'
         -140        'DIXI'
         -140        'EPOXI'
         -140        'DEEP IMPACT FLYBY SPACECRAFT'
         -142        'TERRA'
         -142        'EOS-AM1'
         -146        'LUNAR-A'
         -150        'CASSINI PROBE'
         -150        'HUYGENS PROBE'
         -150        'CASP'
         -151        'AXAF'
         -151        'CHANDRA'
         -154        'AQUA'
         -159        'EUROPA ORBITER'
         -164        'YOHKOH'
         -164        'SOLAR-A'
         -165        'MAP'
         -166        'IMAGE'
         -178        'PLANET-B'
         -178        'NOZOMI'
         -183        'CLUSTER 1'
         -185        'CLUSTER 2'
         -187        'SOLAR PROBE'
         -188        'MUSES-B'
         -190        'SIM'
         -194        'CLUSTER 3'
         -196        'CLUSTER 4'
         -198        'INTEGRAL'
         -200        'CONTOUR'
         -203        'DAWN'
         -212        'STV51'
         -213        'STV52'
         -214        'STV53'
         -226        'ROSETTA'
         -227        'KEPLER'
         -228        'GLL PROBE'
         -228        'GALILEO PROBE'
         -234        'STEREO AHEAD'
         -235        'STEREO BEHIND'
         -236        'MESSENGER'
         -238        'SMART1'
         -238        'SM1'
         -238        'S1'
         -238        'SMART-1'
         -248        'VEX'
         -248        'VENUS EXPRESS'
         -253        'OPPORTUNITY'
         -253        'MER-1'
         -254        'SPIRIT'
         -254        'MER-2'
         -486        'HERSCHEL'
         -489        'PLANCK'
         -500        'RSAT'
         -500        'SELENE Relay Satellite'
         -500        'SELENE Rstar'
         -500        'Rstar'
         -502        'VSAT'
         -502        'SELENE VLBI Radio Satellite'
         -502        'SELENE VRAD Satellite'
         -502        'SELENE Vstar'
         -502        'Vstar'
         -550        'MARS-96'
         -550        'M96'
         -550        'MARS 96'
         -550        'MARS96'
 
 
Earth Orbiting Spacecraft.
 
   If an Earth orbiting spacecraft lacks a DSN identification code, the
   NAIF ID is derived from the tracking ID assigned to it by the US Space
   Command via:
 
         NAIF ID = -100000 - US Space Command code
 
   For example US Space Command assigned the code 15427 to the NOAA 9
   spacecraft. This code corresponds to the NAIF ID -115427.
 
 
Comet Shoemaker Levy 9
 
   In July, 1992 Comet Shoemaker Levy 9 passed close enough to the planet
   Jupiter that it was torn apart by gravitational tidal forces. As a
   result it became a satellite of Jupiter. However, in July 1994 the
   remnants of Shoemaker Levy 9 collided with Jupiter. Consequently, the
   fragments existed as satellites of Jupiter for only two years. These
   fragments were given the NAIF ID's listed below. Unfortunately, there
   have been two competing conventions selected for identifying the
   fragments of the comet. In one convention the fragments have been
   assigned numbers 1 through 21. In the second convention the fragments
   have been assigned letters A through W (with I and O unused). To add to
   the confusion, the ordering for the numbers is reversed from the letter
   ordering. Fragment 21 corresponds to letter A; fragment 20 to letter B
   and so on. Fragment A was the first of the fragments to collide with
   Jupiter; fragment W was the last to collide with Jupiter.
 
   The original fragments P and Q subdivided further creating the fragments
   P2 and Q1.
 
         NAIF ID     NAME                    SHOEMAKER-LEVY 9 FRAGMENT
         ________    ____________________    _________________________
         50000001    'SHOEMAKER-LEVY 9-W'    FRAGMENT 1
         50000002    'SHOEMAKER-LEVY 9-V'    FRAGMENT 2
         50000003    'SHOEMAKER-LEVY 9-U'    FRAGMENT 3
         50000004    'SHOEMAKER-LEVY 9-T'    FRAGMENT 4
         50000005    'SHOEMAKER-LEVY 9-S'    FRAGMENT 5
         50000006    'SHOEMAKER-LEVY 9-R'    FRAGMENT 6
         50000007    'SHOEMAKER-LEVY 9-Q'    FRAGMENT 7
         50000008    'SHOEMAKER-LEVY 9-P'    FRAGMENT 8
         50000009    'SHOEMAKER-LEVY 9-N'    FRAGMENT 9
         50000010    'SHOEMAKER-LEVY 9-M'    FRAGMENT 10
         50000011    'SHOEMAKER-LEVY 9-L'    FRAGMENT 11
         50000012    'SHOEMAKER-LEVY 9-K'    FRAGMENT 12
         50000013    'SHOEMAKER-LEVY 9-J'    FRAGMENT 13
         50000014    'SHOEMAKER-LEVY 9-H'    FRAGMENT 14
         50000015    'SHOEMAKER-LEVY 9-G'    FRAGMENT 15
         50000016    'SHOEMAKER-LEVY 9-F'    FRAGMENT 16
         50000017    'SHOEMAKER-LEVY 9-E'    FRAGMENT 17
         50000018    'SHOEMAKER-LEVY 9-D'    FRAGMENT 18
         50000019    'SHOEMAKER-LEVY 9-C'    FRAGMENT 19
         50000020    'SHOEMAKER-LEVY 9-B'    FRAGMENT 20
         50000021    'SHOEMAKER-LEVY 9-A'    FRAGMENT 21
         50000022    'SHOEMAKER-LEVY 9-Q1'   FRAGMENT 7A
         50000023    'SHOEMAKER-LEVY 9-P2'   FRAGMENT 8B
 
 
Comets
 
   ID codes for periodic comets begin at 1000001 and continue in sequence
   indefinitely. (The current numbering scheme assumes that no need for
   more than one million comet ID codes.) The current list of periodic
   comets and their ID codes are given below. As new periodic comets are
   discovered, this list will be expanded. The ID codes for a new comet
   will be formed by adding one to the last comet ID in the current SPICE
   list. As you can see the first portion of the list is in alphabetical
   order. However, this pattern breaks down at ID code 1000112. This
   reflects the fact that new periodic comets were discovered after
   identification of the first 111. If you don't find the comet you are
   interested in the first 111 comets listed look at the last 28 to see if
   you can find the comet of interest.
 
   Finally, note that Comet Shoemaker Levy 9 is included in this list (ID
   code 1000130) though it is no longer a comet, periodic or otherwise. It
   was an identified periodic comet prior to its breakup, which accounts
   for its inclusion in this list.
 
         NAIF ID     NAME
         ________    ____________________
         1000001     'AREND'
         1000002     'AREND-RIGAUX'
         1000003     'ASHBROOK-JACKSON'
         1000004     'BOETHIN'
         1000005     'BORRELLY'
         1000006     'BOWELL-SKIFF'
         1000007     'BRADFIELD'
         1000008     'BROOKS 2'
         1000009     'BRORSEN-METCALF'
         1000010     'BUS'
         1000011     'CHERNYKH'
         1000012     '67P/CHURYUMOV-GERASIMENKO (1969 R1)'
         1000012     'CHURYUMOV-GERASIMENKO'
         1000013     'CIFFREO'
         1000014     'CLARK'
         1000015     'COMAS SOLA'
         1000016     'CROMMELIN'
         1000017     'D''ARREST'
         1000018     'DANIEL'
         1000019     'DE VICO-SWIFT'
         1000020     'DENNING-FUJIKAWA'
         1000021     'DU TOIT 1'
         1000022     'DU TOIT-HARTLEY'
         1000023     'DUTOIT-NEUJMIN-DELPORTE'
         1000024     'DUBIAGO'
         1000025     'ENCKE'
         1000026     'FAYE'
         1000027     'FINLAY'
         1000028     'FORBES'
         1000029     'GEHRELS 1'
         1000030     'GEHRELS 2'
         1000031     'GEHRELS 3'
         1000032     'GIACOBINI-ZINNER'
         1000033     'GICLAS'
         1000034     'GRIGG-SKJELLERUP'
         1000035     'GUNN'
         1000036     'HALLEY'
         1000037     'HANEDA-CAMPOS'
         1000038     'HARRINGTON'
         1000039     'HARRINGTON-ABELL'
         1000040     'HARTLEY 1'
         1000041     'HARTLEY 2'
         1000042     'HARTLEY-IRAS'
         1000043     'HERSCHEL-RIGOLLET'
         1000044     'HOLMES'
         1000045     'HONDA-MRKOS-PAJDUSAKOVA'
         1000046     'HOWELL'
         1000047     'IRAS'
         1000048     'JACKSON-NEUJMIN'
         1000049     'JOHNSON'
         1000050     'KEARNS-KWEE'
         1000051     'KLEMOLA'
         1000052     'KOHOUTEK'
         1000053     'KOJIMA'
         1000054     'KOPFF'
         1000055     'KOWAL 1'
         1000056     'KOWAL 2'
         1000057     'KOWAL-MRKOS'
         1000058     'KOWAL-VAVROVA'
         1000059     'LONGMORE'
         1000060     'LOVAS 1'
         1000061     'MACHHOLZ'
         1000062     'MAURY'
         1000063     'NEUJMIN 1'
         1000064     'NEUJMIN 2'
         1000065     'NEUJMIN 3'
         1000066     'OLBERS'
         1000067     'PETERS-HARTLEY'
         1000068     'PONS-BROOKS'
         1000069     'PONS-WINNECKE'
         1000070     'REINMUTH 1'
         1000071     'REINMUTH 2'
         1000072     'RUSSELL 1'
         1000073     'RUSSELL 2'
         1000074     'RUSSELL 3'
         1000075     'RUSSELL 4'
         1000076     'SANGUIN'
         1000077     'SCHAUMASSE'
         1000078     'SCHUSTER'
         1000079     'SCHWASSMANN-WACHMANN 1'
         1000080     'SCHWASSMANN-WACHMANN 2'
         1000081     'SCHWASSMANN-WACHMANN 3'
         1000082     'SHAJN-SCHALDACH'
         1000083     'SHOEMAKER 1'
         1000084     'SHOEMAKER 2'
         1000085     'SHOEMAKER 3'
         1000086     'SINGER-BREWSTER'
         1000087     'SLAUGHTER-BURNHAM'
         1000088     'SMIRNOVA-CHERNYKH'
         1000089     'STEPHAN-OTERMA'
         1000090     'SWIFT-GEHRELS'
         1000091     'TAKAMIZAWA'
         1000092     'TAYLOR'
         1000093     'TEMPEL 1'
         1000094     'TEMPEL 2'
         1000095     'TEMPEL-TUTTLE'
         1000096     'TRITTON'
         1000097     'TSUCHINSHAN 1'
         1000098     'TSUCHINSHAN 2'
         1000099     'TUTTLE'
         1000100     'TUTTLE-GIACOBINI-KRESAK'
         1000101     'VAISALA 1'
         1000102     'VAN BIESBROECK'
         1000103     'VAN HOUTEN'
         1000104     'WEST-KOHOUTEK-IKEMURA'
         1000105     'WHIPPLE'
         1000106     'WILD 1'
         1000107     'WILD 2'
         1000108     'WILD 3'
         1000109     'WIRTANEN'
         1000110     'WOLF'
         1000111     'WOLF-HARRINGTON'
         1000112     'LOVAS 2'
         1000113     'URATA-NIIJIMA'
         1000114     'WISEMAN-SKIFF'
         1000115     'HELIN'
         1000116     'MUELLER'
         1000117     'SHOEMAKER-HOLT 1'
         1000118     'HELIN-ROMAN-CROCKETT'
         1000119     'HARTLEY 3'
         1000120     'PARKER-HARTLEY'
         1000121     'HELIN-ROMAN-ALU 1'
         1000122     'WILD 4'
         1000123     'MUELLER 2'
         1000124     'MUELLER 3'
         1000125     'SHOEMAKER-LEVY 1'
         1000126     'SHOEMAKER-LEVY 2'
         1000127     'HOLT-OLMSTEAD'
         1000128     'METCALF-BREWINGTON'
         1000129     'LEVY'
         1000130     'SHOEMAKER-LEVY 9'
         1000131     'HYAKUTAKE'
         1000132     'HALE-BOPP'
 
 
Asteroids
 
   ID codes for numbered asteroids listed in the JPL Asteroid and Comet
   Catalog [166.0] are determined via the algorithm:
 
         NAIF ID code = 2000000 + JPL Asteroid number
 
   For example, asteroid Yeomans (2956) has NAIF ID number 2002956. The
   complete list of asteroids is far too numerous (over 4000 identified
   asteroids) to include in this document. However, we include the NAIF ID
   codes for the most commonly requested asteroids:
 
         NAIF ID     NAME
         ________    ____________________
         9511010     'GASPRA'
         2431010     'IDA'
         2431011     'DACTYL'
         2000001     'CERES'
         2000004     'VESTA'
         2000216     'KLEOPATRA'
         2000433     'EROS'
         2000253     'MATHILDE'
         2002867     'STEINS'
         2009969     '1992KD'
         2009969     'BRAILLE'
         2004015     'WILSON-HARRINGTON'
         2025143     'ITOKAWA'
 
   There are three exceptions to the rule---asteroids Gaspra, Ida and Ida's
   satellite Dactyl, visited by the Galileo spacecraft. The ID codes for
   these asteroids were determined using an older numbering convention now
   abandoned by the SPICE system.
 
   The orbit of Dactyl has not been completely determined at the time of
   this writing. However, in anticipation of this determination, Dactyl has
   been assigned the NAIF ID code 2431011.
 
   Note that if more than 431010 asteroids are ever identified and
   cataloged there will arise a conflict between the new numbering system
   and the ID code for Ida. At that time NAIF (or its successor) will need
   to add another exception to the asteroid numbering system.
 
 
Ground Stations.
 
   The SPICE system accommodates ephemerides for tracking stations and
   landed spacecraft. Currently five earth tracking station sites are
   supported: Goldstone, Canberra, Madrid, Usuda, and Parkes. Note that
   these refer only to the general geographic location of the various
   tracking sites. IDs for the individual antennas at a given site are
   assigned when more than one antenna is present.
 
   The following NAIF ID codes are assigned.
 
         NAIF ID     NAME
         ________    ____________________
         398989      'NOTO'
         398990      'NEW NORCIA'
         399001      'GOLDSTONE'
         399002      'CANBERRA'
         399003      'MADRID'
         399004      'USUDA'
         399005      'DSS-05'
         399005      'PARKES'
         399012      'DSS-12'
         399013      'DSS-13'
         399014      'DSS-14'
         399015      'DSS-15'
         399016      'DSS-16'
         399017      'DSS-17'
         399023      'DSS-23'
         399024      'DSS-24'
         399025      'DSS-25'
         399026      'DSS-26'
         399027      'DSS-27'
         399028      'DSS-28'
         399033      'DSS-33'
         399034      'DSS-34'
         399042      'DSS-42'
         399043      'DSS-43'
         399045      'DSS-45'
         399046      'DSS-46'
         399049      'DSS-49'
         399053      'DSS-53'
         399054      'DSS-54'
         399055      'DSS-55'
         399061      'DSS-61'
         399063      'DSS-63'
         399064      'DSS-64'
         399065      'DSS-65'
         399066      'DSS-66'
 
 
Inertial and Non-inertial Reference Frames
 
   Please refer to the Frames Required Reading document, frames.req, for
   detailed information on the implementation of reference frames in the
   SPICE system.
 
 
Spacecraft Clocks.
--------------------------------------------------------
 
   The ID code used to identify the on-board clock of a spacecraft
   (spacecraft clock or SCLK) in SPICE software is the same as the ID code
   of the spacecraft. This convention assumes that only one clock is used
   on-board a spacecraft to control all observations and spacecraft
   functions. However, missions are envisioned in which instruments may
   have clocks not tightly coupled to the primary spacecraft control clock.
   When this situation occurs, the correspondence between clocks and
   spacecraft will be broken and more than one clock ID code will be
   associated with a mission. It is anticipated that the I-kernel will
   contain the information needed to associate the appropriate clock with a
   particular instrument.
 
 
Instruments
--------------------------------------------------------
 
   With regards to a spacecraft, the term ``instrument'' means a science
   instrument or vehicle structure to which the concept of orientation is
   applicable.
 
   NAIF, in cooperation with the science teams from each flight project,
   assigns ID codes to a vehicle instrument. The instruments are simply
   enumerated via some project convention to arrive at an ''instrument
   number.'' The NAIF ID code for an instrument derives from the instrument
   number via the function:
 
         NAIF instrument code = (s/c code)*(1000) - instrument number
 
   This allows for 1000 instrument assignments on board a spacecraft. An
   application of the instrument ID concept applied to the Voyager 2
   vehicle (ID -32):
 
            -32000 -> Instrument Scan Platform
 
            -32001 -> ISSNA (Imaging science narrow angle camera)
 
            -32002 -> ISSWA (Imaging science wide angle camera)
 
            -32003 -> PPS (Photopolarimeter)
 
            -32004 -> UVSAG (Ultraviolet Spectrometer, Airglow port)
 
            -32005 -> UVSOCC (Ultraviolet Spectrometer, Occultation port)
 
            -32006 -> IRIS (Infrared Interferometer Spectrometer and
            Radiometer)
 
   Use SPICE text kernels (usually Instrument or Frames kernels) to define
   the instrument name/ID mappings.
 
