Arduino - Print

Arduino

Serial

## print()

#### Description

Prints data to the serial port as human-readable ASCII text. This command can take many forms. Numbers are printed using an ASCII character for each digit. Floats are similarly printed as ASCII digits, defaulting to two decimal places. Bytes are sent as a single character. Characters and strings are sent as is. For example:

- Serial.print(78) gives "78"
- Serial.print(1.23456) gives "1.23"
- Serial.print(byte(78)) gives "N" (whose ASCII value is 78)
- Serial.print('N') gives "N"
- Serial.print("Hello world.") gives "Hello world."

An optional second parameter specifies the base (format) to use; permitted values are BYTE, BIN (binary, or base 2), OCT (octal, or base 8), DEC (decimal, or base 10), HEX (hexadecimal, or base 16). For floating point numbers, this parameter specifies the number of decimal places to use. For example:

- Serial.print(78, BYTE) gives "N"
- Serial.print(78, BIN) gives "1001110"
- Serial.print(78, OCT) gives "116"
- Serial.print(78, DEC) gives "78"
- Serial.print(78, HEX) gives "4E"
- Serial.println(1.23456, 0) gives "1"
- Serial.println(1.23456, 2) gives "1.23"
- Serial.println(1.23456, 4) gives "1.2346"

#### Syntax

Serial.print(val)
Serial.print(val, format)

#### Parameters

val: the value to print - any data type

format: specifies the number base (for integral data types) or number of decimal places (for floating point types)

#### Returns

None

#### Example:

    /*
    Uses a FOR loop for data and prints a number in various formats.
    */
    int x = 0;    // variable

    void setup() {
      Serial.begin(9600);      // open the serial port at 9600 bps:
    }

    void loop() {
      // print labels
      Serial.print("NO FORMAT");       // prints a label
      Serial.print("\t");              // prints a tab

      Serial.print("DEC");
      Serial.print("\t");

      Serial.print("HEX");
      Serial.print("\t");

      Serial.print("OCT");
      Serial.print("\t");

      Serial.print("BIN");
      Serial.print("\t");

      Serial.println("BYTE");

      for(x=0; x< 64; x++){    // only part of the ASCII chart, change to suit

        // print it out in many formats:
        Serial.print(x);       // print as an ASCII-encoded decimal - same as "DEC"
        Serial.print("\t");    // prints a tab

        Serial.print(x, DEC);  // print as an ASCII-encoded decimal
        Serial.print("\t");    // prints a tab

        Serial.print(x, HEX);  // print as an ASCII-encoded hexadecimal
        Serial.print("\t");    // prints a tab

        Serial.print(x, OCT);  // print as an ASCII-encoded octal
        Serial.print("\t");    // prints a tab

        Serial.print(x, BIN);  // print as an ASCII-encoded binary
        Serial.print("\t");    // prints a tab

        Serial.println(x, BYTE);    // prints as a raw byte value,
        //                             then adds the carriage return with "println"
        delay(200);            // delay 200 milliseconds
      }
      Serial.println("");      // prints another carriage return
    }

#### Programming Tips / Known Issues

The last character to be printed is transmitted over the serial port after Serial.print() has returned.

#### See also

- Serial.write()
- Serial.println()

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