PostgreSQL 7.3.4 Documentation
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# SET CONSTRAINTS

## Name

SET CONSTRAINTS -- set the constraint mode of the current transaction

## Synopsis

    SET CONSTRAINTS { ALL | constraint [, ...] } { DEFERRED | IMMEDIATE }

## Description

`SET CONSTRAINTS` sets the behavior of constraint evaluation in the current transaction. In IMMEDIATE mode, constraints are checked at the end of each statement. In DEFERRED mode, constraints are not checked until transaction commit.

> Note: This command only alters the behavior of constraints within the current transaction. Thus, if you execute this command outside of an explicit transaction block (such as one started with `BEGIN`), it will not appear to have any effect. If you wish to change the behavior of a constraint without needing to issue a `SET CONSTRAINTS` command in every transaction, specify INITIALLY DEFERRED or INITIALLY IMMEDIATE when you create the constraint.

When you change the mode of a constraint to be IMMEDIATE , the new constraint mode takes effect retroactively: any outstanding data modifications that would have been checked at the end of the transaction (when using DEFERRED) are instead checked during the execution of the `SET CONSTRAINTS` command.

Upon creation, a constraint is always give one of three characteristics: INITIALLY DEFERRED, INITIALLY IMMEDIATE DEFERRABLE, or INITIALLY IMMEDIATE NOT DEFERRABLE. The third class is not affected by the `SET CONSTRAINTS` command.

Currently, only foreign key constraints are affected by this setting. Check and unique constraints are always effectively initially immediate not deferrable.

## Compatibility

### SQL92, SQL99

`SET CONSTRAINTS` is defined in SQL92 and SQL99. The implementation in PostgreSQL complies with the behavior defined in the standard, except for the PostgreSQL limitation that `SET CONSTRAINTS` cannot be applied to check or unique constraints.

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