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.TH "DUMPBAS" 1 "2024-06-07" "0.2.1" "Urchlay's Atari 8-bit Tools"
.SH NAME
dumpbas \- Formatted hexdump for tokenized Atari 8-bit BASIC files
.SH SYNOPSIS
.sp
dumpbas [\fB\-v\fP] [\fB\-l\fP \fIlineno\fP] [\fB\-s\fP \fIstart\-lineno\fP] [\fB\-e\fP \fIend\-lineno\fP] \fIinput\-file\fP
.SH DESCRIPTION
.sp
\fBdumpbas\fP reads a tokenized Atari 8\-bit BASIC program and prints a
formatted hexdump on standard output. The formatting groups the hex bytes
by line and statement, and includes special characters to mark different
types of token (see \fBFORMATTING\fP, below).
.sp
\fBdumpbas\fP does not detokenize BASIC programs or dump information
about variable names/values. Use \fBchkbas\fP(1) for that. This tool is
intended to help the user learn about the tokenized BASIC format, or
as an aid for developing/debugging other tools that process tokenized
files. It\(aqs an alternative to looking at raw hex dumps.
.sp
It\(aqs assumed the user has at least some knowledge of BASIC\(aqs tokenized
SAVE format. The \fBAtari BASIC Sourcebook\fP is a good starting point
for learning the tokenized format.
.SH OPTIONS
.SS General Options
.INDENT 0.0
.TP
.B \fB\-\-help\fP
Print usage message and exit.
.TP
.B \fB\-\-version\fP
Print version number and exit.
.TP
.B \fB\-v\fP
Verbose operation. When displaying a number in verbose mode, it will
be prefixed with \fI$\fP if it\(aqs in hex, or no prefix for decimal.
.UNINDENT
.SS Dump Options
.INDENT 0.0
.TP
.B \fB\-s\fP \fIstart\-lineno\fP
Don\(aqt dump lines before \fBstart\-lineno\fP\&. Default: \fI0\fP\&.
.TP
.B \fB\-e\fP \fIend\-lineno\fP
Don\(aqt dump lines after \fBstart\-lineno\fP\&. Default: \fI32768\fP\&.
.TP
.B \fB\-l\fP \fIlineno\fP
Only dump one line. This is exactly equivalent to "\fB\-s\fP \fIlineno\fP \fB\-e\fP \fIlineno\fP".
.UNINDENT
.SH FORMATTING
.sp
Every byte in the file is displayed in hex. However, they are grouped by line
and statement, and certain tokens get marker characters to help keep track
of what they\(aqre for. Strings are displayed in quotes, in both hex and ASCII. Floating
point constants are displayed as 6 hex bytes with square brackets around them.
.SS Line Header Markers
.INDENT 0.0
.TP
.B \fB@\fP
Separates decimal line number from hex file offset.
.TP
.B \fB^\fP
Prefix for line length.
.TP
.B \fB(\fP, \fB)\fP
Surrounds the 2 hex bytes for the line number.
.UNINDENT
.SS Statement Markers
.INDENT 0.0
.TP
.B \fB>\fP
Prefix for next\-statement offset. Every statement begins with this.
.TP
.B \fB!\fP
Prefix for a command token. Every line of BASIC code begins with a
command.
.TP
.B \fB:\fP
Suffix for the \fI14\fP token; end of statement.
.TP
.B \fB#\fP
Prefix for the \fI0e\fP token, which introduces a BCD floating point constant.
.TP
.B \fB[\fP, \fB]\fP
Surrounds the 6 bytes of a BCD floating point constant.
.TP
.B \fB$\fP
Prefix for the \fI0f\fP token, which introduces a string constant.
.TP
.B \fB=\fP
Prefix for the string\-length byte of a string constant.
.UNINDENT
.SS String Byte Markers
.INDENT 0.0
.TP
.B \fB"\fP
A string constant is surrounded by double\-quotes.
.TP
.B \fB^\fP
Prefix for a control character. For instance, \fI03\fP is displayed as \fI^C\fP\&.
.TP
.B \fB|\fP
Prefix for an inverse video character. Example: \fIc1\fP (inverse video \fIA\fP)
is displayed as \fI|A\fP\&. May be combined with \fI^\fP, for inverse control characters.
.TP
.B \fB/\fP
Separates the printable ASCII representation of a character from its hex byte.
Example: \fIA/41\fP\&.
.UNINDENT
.SS Line header
.sp
Each line number begins with the line number (decimal) and offset from
the start of the file (hex), followed by the 2 hex bytes for the line
number in parentheses, followed by the line length (hex, preceded by
^). From the example:
.INDENT 0.0
.INDENT 3.5
.sp
.nf
.ft C
10@0021 (0a 00): ^1b
.ft P
.fi
.UNINDENT
.UNINDENT
.sp
The line number is \fI10\fP, the file offset is \fI0021\fP\&. The \fI0a 00\fP are 10 again, in
hex, LSB first. The \fI^1b\fP is the line length.
.SS Statements
.sp
Each statement within the line is displayed separately. Line 10\(aqs first statement:
.INDENT 0.0
.INDENT 3.5
.sp
.nf
.ft C
>17 !28 $0f =0e "H/48 O/4f W/57  /20 M/4d A/41 N/4e Y/59  /20 T/54 I/49 M/4d E/45 S/53" 15 14:
.ft P
.fi
.UNINDENT
.UNINDENT
.sp
This looks cryptic, but it includes a lot of information.
.INDENT 0.0
.IP \(bu 2
\fI>\fP is the marker for the statement offset (\fI17\fP).
.IP \(bu 2
\fI!\fP marks a command token (unmarked tokens are operator
tokens). \fI28\fP is the token for \fB?\fP (short form of PRINT, which has a
separate token).
.IP \(bu 2
\fI$\fP marks the string\-constant token (\fI0f\fP).
.IP \(bu 2
\fI=\fP marks the string length byte (\fI0e\fP).
.IP \(bu 2
The string itself is printed inside double quotes, with each character in
both ASCII and hex (e.g. \fIH/48\fP).
.IP \(bu 2
The \fI15\fP is unmarked. It\(aqs the semicolon after the string.
.IP \(bu 2
There\(aqs a \fI:\fP at the end of the line (after the \fI14\fP, which is the end\-of\-statement
token).
.UNINDENT
.sp
Line 10\(aqs second statement:
.INDENT 0.0
.INDENT 3.5
.sp
.nf
.ft C
>1b !02 80 16
.ft P
.fi
.UNINDENT
.UNINDENT
.sp
The \fI80\fP is a token for a variable (variable tokens always have bit 7 set, so they\(aqre
always >= 80 hex). The \fI16\fP is the end\-of\-line token.
.sp
Line 20\(aqs first statement has an example of a floating point constant:
.INDENT 0.0
.INDENT 3.5
.sp
.nf
.ft C
#0e [40 01 00 00 00 00]
.ft P
.fi
.UNINDENT
.UNINDENT
.INDENT 0.0
.IP \(bu 2
\fI#\fP marks the token for a FP constant.
.IP \(bu 2
The actual 6\-byte constant is surrounded with \fI[\fP and \fI]\fP\&.
.IP \(bu 2
The last token is \fI16\fP, which is BASIC\(aqs end\-of\-line token.
.UNINDENT
.SH EXAMPLE
.sp
If \fBdumpbas\fP is run on the following program:
.INDENT 0.0
.INDENT 3.5
.sp
.nf
.ft C
10 ? "HOW MANY TIMES";:INPUT N
20 FOR I=1 TO N
30 ? "HELLO ";:? I;"/";N:NEXT I
40 REM WAIT FOR KEY
50 POKE 764,255
60 ? "PRESS ANY KEY"
70 IF PEEK(764)=255 THEN 70
80 POKE 764,255:GOTO 10
.ft P
.fi
.UNINDENT
.UNINDENT
.sp
\fBNote:\fP The "PRESS ANY KEY" was entered in inverse video.
.sp
\&...it produces the following output:
.INDENT 0.0
.INDENT 3.5
.sp
.nf
.ft C
   10@0021 (0a 00): ^1b
    >17 !28 $0f =0e "H/48 O/4f W/57  /20 M/4d A/41 N/4e Y/59  /20 T/54 I/49 M/4d E/45 S/53" 15 14:
    >1b !02 80 16
   20@003c (14 00): ^11
    >11 !08 81 2d #0e [40 01 00 00 00 00] 19 80 16
   30@004d (1e 00): ^1d
    >0f !28 $0f =06 "H/48 E/45 L/4c L/4c O/4f  /20" 15 14:
    >19 !28 81 15 $0f =01 "//2f" 15 80 14:
    >1d !09 81 16
   40@006a (28 00): ^12
    >12 !00 57 41 49 54 20 46 4f 52 20 4b 45 59 9b
   50@007c (32 00): ^15
    >15 !1f #0e [41 07 64 00 00 00] 12 #0e [41 02 55 00 00 00] 16
   60@0091 (3c 00): ^15
    >15 !28 $0f =0d "|P/d0 |R/d2 |E/c5 |S/d3 |S/d3 | /a0 |A/c1 |N/ce |Y/d9 | /a0 |K/cb |E/c5 |Y/d9" 16
   70@00a6 (46 00): ^20
    >20 !07 46 3a #0e [41 07 64 00 00 00] 2c 22 #0e [41 02 55 00 00 00] 1b #0e [40 70 00 00 00 00] 16
   80@00c6 (50 00): ^1f
    >15 !1f #0e [41 07 64 00 00 00] 12 #0e [41 02 55 00 00 00] 14:
    >1f !0a #0e [40 10 00 00 00 00] 16
32768@00e5 (00 80): ^0f
    >0f !19 $0f =07 "H/48 :/3a B/42 ./2e B/42 A/41 S/53" 16
.ft P
.fi
.UNINDENT
.UNINDENT
.SH EXIT STATUS
.sp
0 for success, 1 for failure.
.SH COPYRIGHT
.sp
WTFPL. See \fI\%http://www.wtfpl.net/txt/copying/\fP for details.
.SH AUTHOR
.INDENT 0.0
.IP B. 3
Watson <\fI\%urchlay@slackware.uk\fP>; Urchlay on irc.libera.chat \fI##atari\fP\&.
.UNINDENT
.SH SEE ALSO
.sp
\fBa8eol\fP(1),
\fBa8utf8\fP(1),
\fBatr2xfd\fP(1),
\fBatrsize\fP(1),
\fBaxe\fP(1),
\fBblob2c\fP(1),
\fBblob2xex\fP(1),
\fBcart2xex\fP(1),
\fBdasm2atasm\fP(1),
\fBdumpbas\fP(1),
\fBf2toxex\fP(1),
\fBfenders\fP(1),
\fBprotbas\fP(1),
\fBrenumbas\fP(1),
\fBrom2cart\fP(1),
\fBunmac65\fP(1),
\fBunprotbas\fP(1),
\fBxexamine\fP(1),
\fBxexcat\fP(1),
\fBxexsplit\fP(1),
\fBxfd2atr\fP(1),
\fBxex\fP(5),
\fBatascii\fP(7).
.sp
Any good Atari 8\-bit book: \fIDe Re Atari\fP, \fIThe Atari BASIC  Reference
Manual\fP,  the  \fIOS Users\(aq Guide\fP, \fIMapping the Atari\fP, etc.
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