/* unsaver, by B. Watson, released under the WTFPL.
   the latest version of this file can be found at:
   http://urchlay.naptime.net/repos/unsaver/ */

/* need this, or else we don't get a prototype for strdup() from string.h */
#define _XOPEN_SOURCE 500

#include <string.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <limits.h>
#include <errno.h>

#include <X11/X.h>
#include <X11/Xlib.h>
#include <X11/XKBlib.h>
#include <X11/extensions/XTest.h>

#include <linux/joystick.h>
#include <sys/inotify.h>

/* microseconds to wait between sending a keypresss
   or mouse click event and its release */
#define EVENT_DELAY 100000

/* if we can't find an unused keycode in the X keymap, use this one */
#define FALLBACK_KEYCODE 255

/* min/max allowed keycodes. really this should be queried from
   the X server, but for Xorg this value is good enough for
   argument checking. the max is 0xff as keycodes are 8 bit unsigned. */
#define MIN_KEYCODE 8
#define MAX_KEYCODE 255

/* same as above, for mouse buttons. */
#define MIN_BUTTON 1
#define MAX_BUTTON 10

/* command for -x */
#define X_COMMAND "xscreensaver-command -deactivate"

/* default "-i 250ms" */
#define DEFAULT_INTERVAL 250

typedef enum {
	fm_auto_keycode, fm_keycode, fm_button, fm_motion, fm_cmd
} fake_mode_t;

/* user options */
int interval = DEFAULT_INTERVAL; /* -i (always in millisec) */
int debug = 0;                   /* -d */
int keycode = -1;                /* -k */
int button = -1;                 /* -b */
const char *event_dir = EVENTDIR;  /* joydev args can change this */
char *js_node_name = JSNODE;     /* -j */
int autodiscover = 1; /* cleared if user supplies joydev args */
fake_mode_t fake_mode = fm_auto_keycode;  /* -k, -b, -m */
char *c_command = NULL;          /* -c, -x */
int monitor_joysticks = 1;       /* -f clears this */
int monitor_fullscreen = 1;      /* -j clears this */

/* joystick stuff */
char *joynames[MAX_STICKS + 1];
int last_joyname = 0;
int joyfds[MAX_STICKS + 1];

/* executable name, for warnings/errors */
const char *self;

/* X stuff */
Display *xdisp;

/* inotify stuff */
int inotify_fd, watch_fd;
char inotify_buf[sizeof(struct inotify_event) + NAME_MAX + 1];
struct inotify_event *inotify_ev = (struct inotify_event *)inotify_buf;

/* not going to include pages of usage info duplicating the man page */
void usage(void) {
	printf(PROJ " v" VERSION " by B. Watson, WTFPL\n");
	printf("Usage: %s [-i interval] [-k keycode | -b button | -m | -c command | -x]\n", self);
	printf("               [-j | -f ] [-d] [joystick [...]]\n");
	printf("Built-in defaults: MAX_STICKS=%d, -d " EVENTDIR ", -j " JSNODE "\n", MAX_STICKS);
	printf("See man page for details.\n");
	exit(0);
}

void die(const char *msg) {
	fprintf(stderr, "%s: %s\n", self, msg);
	exit(1);
}

/* make some trivial Xlib call that will result in Xlib killing
   this process if it fails. XNoOp looks like it was meant for
   exactly this, but it keeps returning 1 even if the X server is killed. */
void ping_x_server(void) {
	(void)XPending(xdisp);
	if(debug) fprintf(stderr, "X server is still alive\n");
}

void send_fake_key(void) {
	if(debug) fprintf(stderr, "sending keycode %d\n", keycode);

	/* press... */
	XTestFakeKeyEvent(xdisp, keycode, 1, 0L);
	XSync(xdisp, 0);

	/* ...wait 1/10 sec... */
	usleep(EVENT_DELAY);

	/* ...release */
	XTestFakeKeyEvent(xdisp, keycode, 0, 0L);
	XSync(xdisp, 0);
}

void send_fake_click(void) {
	if(debug) fprintf(stderr, "sending button %d click\n", button);

	/* press... */
	XTestFakeButtonEvent(xdisp, button, 1, 0L);
	XSync(xdisp, 0);

	/* ...wait 1/10 sec... */
	usleep(EVENT_DELAY);

	/* ...release */
	XTestFakeButtonEvent(xdisp, button, 0, 0L);
	XSync(xdisp, 0);
}

/* XXX: the man page documents XTestFakeRelativeMotionEvent()
   as taking 5 arguments (2nd one is screen_number), but Xtst.h
	only has 4 (with no screen_number arg). */
void send_fake_motion(void) {
	int oldx, oldy, ignoreme;
	Window win_ignoreme;

	if(debug) fprintf(stderr, "sending mouse motion\n");

	XQueryPointer(
			xdisp,
			DefaultRootWindow(xdisp),
			&win_ignoreme,
			&win_ignoreme,
			&oldx,
			&oldy,
			&ignoreme,
			&ignoreme,
			(unsigned int *)&ignoreme);

	if(debug) fprintf(stderr, "oldx %d, oldy %d\n", oldx, oldy);

	/* move... */
	XTestFakeRelativeMotionEvent(xdisp, 10, 10, 0L);
	XSync(xdisp, 0);

	/* ...wait 1/10 sec... */
	usleep(EVENT_DELAY);

	/* ...move back */
	XTestFakeRelativeMotionEvent(xdisp, -10, -10, 0L);
	XSync(xdisp, 0);

	/* we've moved all 4 directions now. but if were were too close
	   to an edge of the screen, the mouse pointer isn't where it
	   started. so: */
	XWarpPointer(
			xdisp,
			None,
			DefaultRootWindow(xdisp),
			0,
			0,
			0,
			0,
			oldx,
			oldy);
	XSync(xdisp, 0);
}

void exec_command(void) {
	if(!c_command)
		die("BUG: c_command is NULL\n");

	if(debug) fprintf(stderr, "executing \"%s\"\n", c_command);
	system(c_command);
}

void send_fake_x_event(void) {
	switch(fake_mode) {
		case fm_keycode:
			send_fake_key();
			break;
		case fm_button:
			send_fake_click();
			break;
		case fm_motion:
			send_fake_motion();
			break;
		case fm_cmd:
			exec_command();
			break;
		default: /* This Never Happens(tm) */
			fprintf(stderr, "%s: BUG: fake_mode %d isn't a valid fake_mode_t!\n",
					self, fake_mode);
			exit(1);
			break;
	}
}

/* wrapper for open(2), does an ioctl to make sure the thing it just
   opened really is a joystick. also warns on 'permission denied'. */
int js_open(const char *path, int mode) {
	int fd, res, ver;

	fd = open(path, mode);

	if(fd < 0 && errno == EACCES)
		fprintf(stderr, "%s: warning: %s exists, but: %s\n",
				self, path, strerror(errno));

	if(fd > -1) {
		res = ioctl(fd, JSIOCGVERSION, &ver);

		if(res < 0) {
			if(errno == ENOTTY || errno == EINVAL) {
				fprintf(stderr, "%s: file %s is not a joystick\n", self, path);
				exit(1);
			} else {
				fprintf(stderr, "%s: %s: %s\n", self, path, strerror(errno));
				exit(1);
			}
		}

		/* don't really need this much detail:
		if(debug)
			fprintf(stderr, "joystick driver version 0x%x\n", ver);
			*/
	}

	return fd;
}

void open_joysticks(void) {
	int fdcount, i;
	struct js_event e;

	fdcount = 0;
	for(i = 0; i < last_joyname; i++) {
		int synthev = 0;
		if(joyfds[i] > -1) close(joyfds[i]);
		joyfds[i] = js_open(joynames[i], O_RDONLY | O_NONBLOCK);
		if(joyfds[i] > -1) {
			fdcount++;
			while( (read(joyfds[i], &e, sizeof(e)) > 0) && (e.type & JS_EVENT_INIT) )
				synthev++;
			if(debug)
				fprintf(stderr, "opened %s, fd %d, skipped %d synthetic events\n",
						joynames[i], joyfds[i], synthev);
		}
	}
	if(debug) fprintf(stderr, "opened %d devices\n", fdcount);
}

void check_inotify() {
	int res;

	res = read(inotify_fd, inotify_buf, sizeof(inotify_buf) + NAME_MAX + 1);

	if(res > 0) {
		if(debug) {
			fprintf(stderr, "read %d bytes from inotify_fd\n", res);
			if(!inotify_ev->len) {
				fprintf(stderr, "got event with no name: 0x%x\n", inotify_ev->mask);
			} else {
				fprintf(stderr, "got event with name %s: 0x%x\n", inotify_ev->name, inotify_ev->mask);
			}
		}

		/* not much we can do to recover from this: */
		if(inotify_ev->mask & IN_DELETE_SELF) {
			die("someone deleted our device directory!");
		}

		/* ...or this: */
		if(inotify_ev->mask & IN_UNMOUNT) {
			die("someone unmounted our device directory!");
		}

		usleep(EVENT_DELAY); /* might not need, be paranoid */
		open_joysticks();
	} else {
		if(errno != EAGAIN) {
			/* not sure what could cause this, so no idea how/if we
			   recover from it */
			fprintf(stderr, "%s: failed to read from inotify_fd: %s\n",
					self, strerror(errno));
			exit(1);
		}
	}
}

int get_joystick_activity(void) {
	struct js_event e;
	int i, active = 0;

	for(i = 0; i < last_joyname; i++) {
		if(joyfds[i] < 0) continue;

		if(debug) fprintf(stderr, "reading device %d, fd %d\n", i, joyfds[i]);

		/* count events. any we get here *should* be real, but it doesn't
			hurt to mask out synthetic ones again */
		while(read(joyfds[i], &e, sizeof(e)) > 0) {
			if(!(e.type & JS_EVENT_INIT)) active++;
		}

		/* EAGAIN just means there are no more events to read.
			anything else is a problem, though not fatal */
		if(errno != EAGAIN) {
			if(debug) fprintf(stderr, "got error on device %d: %s\n", i, strerror(errno));
		}
	}

	return active;
}

/* supposedly we could use the X window property _NET_WINDOW_FULLSCREEN
   to detect a fullscreen window, but not everything actually sets that.
   so a fullscreen window is defined here as:
   - visible
   - is the size of the root window
   - and has input focus.
*/
int have_fullscreen_window(void) {
	Window w;
	XWindowAttributes w_attrs, root_attrs;
	int revert_to;

	/* man page doesn't document the actual
	   return value, it says "int", is it really a Status? */
	if(!XGetInputFocus(xdisp, &w, &revert_to)) {
		if(debug) fprintf(stderr, "XGetInputFocus() failed\n");
		return 0;
	}

	/* no window has focus (not an error) */
	if(w == None)
		return 0;

	/* TODO: under what conditions does this fail? if it does fail once,
		will it ever succeed again?

		Hopefully, using w_attrs.root will do the right thing in multi-screen
		environments. I can't easily test it though. */
	if( XGetWindowAttributes(xdisp, w, &w_attrs) &&
	    XGetWindowAttributes(xdisp, w_attrs.root, &root_attrs) )
	{

		if(debug)
			fprintf(stderr,
					"window id 0x%x (root 0x%x) has focus, map_state %d, geometry %dx%d\n",
					(int)w, (int)w_attrs.root, w_attrs.map_state, w_attrs.width, w_attrs.height);

		if( (w_attrs.map_state == IsViewable) &&
				(root_attrs.width == w_attrs.width) &&
				(root_attrs.height == w_attrs.height) )
		{
			if(debug) fprintf(stderr,
					"window id 0x%x has input focus and looks fullscreen (%dx%d)\n",
					(int)w, w_attrs.width, w_attrs.height);
			return 1;
		}
	} else if(debug) {
		if(debug) fprintf(stderr, "XGetWindowAttributes() failed\n");
		return 0;
	}

	return 0;
}

/* this is the point of no return. the only way out of main_loop()
   is process death. */
void main_loop(void) {
	int sleep_us;

	sleep_us = interval * 1000;
	fprintf(stderr, "entering main_loop(), sleep_us %d\n", sleep_us);

	while(1) {
		int active = 0;

		/* Xlib will obligingly kill us, if X goes away */
		ping_x_server();

		/* check_inotify() will close & reopen the joystick fds as needed */
		if(monitor_joysticks)
			check_inotify();

		/* let the fds gather events as we slumber */
		if(debug) fprintf(stderr, "sleeping %dms...\n", interval);
		usleep(sleep_us);

		/* now see if any of them got any events while we took a nap */
		if(monitor_joysticks)
			active += get_joystick_activity();

		if(monitor_fullscreen)
			active += have_fullscreen_window();

		/* if we got any activity on any of the fds, do our thing */
		if(active) {
			if(debug) fprintf(stderr, "*** got activity!\n");
			send_fake_x_event();
		} else if(debug) fprintf(stderr, "no activity\n");
	}
}

/* make self point to our executable name without any directory */
void set_exe_name(const char *argv0) {
	const char *p;
	self = argv0;
	for(p = self; *p; p++)
		if(p[0] == '/' && p[1]) self = p + 1;
}

char *joy_num_to_name(int js) {
	static char buf[PATH_MAX + 1];
	sprintf(buf, "%s/%s%d", event_dir, js_node_name, js);
	return buf;
}

/* add a joystick by pathname or number. note this only gets
   called once, at startup: the list never gets modified after that. */
void add_joystick_name(const char *name) {
	if(last_joyname >= MAX_STICKS) {
		fprintf(stderr,
				"%s: too many device names, monitoring only the first %d\n",
				self,
				last_joyname);
		return;
	}

	if(*name >= '0' && *name <= '9') {
		add_joystick_name(joy_num_to_name(atoi(name)));
		return;
	}

	if( !(joynames[last_joyname] = strdup(name)) )
		die(strerror(errno));

	if(debug)
		fprintf(stderr, "added device %d: %s\n", last_joyname, joynames[last_joyname]);

	last_joyname++;
}

void add_joystick_num(char *arg) {
	int i;
	char *end;

	i = strtol(arg, &end, 0);

	if(end == arg || *end || i < 0) {
		fprintf(stderr, "%s: invalid joystick number: %s\n", self, arg);
		exit(1);
	}

	add_joystick_name(joy_num_to_name(i));
}

void populate_joynames(void) {
	int i;

	for(i = 0; i < MAX_STICKS; i++) {
		add_joystick_name(joy_num_to_name(i));
	}
}

void set_fake_mode(fake_mode_t newmode) {
	if(fake_mode != fm_auto_keycode)
		die("use only one of the -k -b -m options");
	else
		fake_mode = newmode;
}

int set_interval(const char *arg) {
	char *end;

	interval = strtol(arg, &end, 0);

	/* no digits at all */
	if(end == arg) return 0;

	/* no 0 or negative */
	if(interval < 1) return 0;

	/* digits only */
	switch(*end) {
		case '\0':
			/* digits only, try to guess */
			if(interval < 100) {
				fprintf(stderr,
						"%s: treating -i %d as %d seconds (use -i %dms if you meant %dms)\n",
						self, interval, interval, interval, interval);
				/* fall through */
			} else {
				break;
			}
		case 's':  interval *= 1000; break; /* sec */
		case 'm':  break; /* ms, use as-is */
	}

	if(debug) fprintf(stderr, "interval set to %dms\n", interval);
	return 1;
}

void parse_args(int argc, char **argv) {
	char *nextarg;

	if(argc > 1 && strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0) usage();

	while(++argv, --argc) {
		if(argv[0][0] != '-') {
			/* no dash, treat as a joystick device */
			add_joystick_num(*argv);
			autodiscover = 0;
		} else {
			if(argv[0][1] && argv[0][2])
				die("spaces required between options and arguments, please");
			nextarg = argv[1];
			switch(argv[0][1]) {
				case 'm':
					set_fake_mode(fm_motion);
					break;
				case 'k':
					if(nextarg &&
							(keycode = atoi(nextarg)) &&
							(keycode >= MIN_KEYCODE) &&
							(keycode <= MAX_KEYCODE) )
					{
						set_fake_mode(fm_keycode);
						argv++, argc--;
					} else {
						fprintf(stderr, "%s: -k requires a keycode argument, %d-%d\n",
								self, MIN_KEYCODE, MAX_KEYCODE);
						exit(1);
					}
					break;
				case 'b':
					if(nextarg) button = atoi(nextarg);
					if ( (button >= MIN_BUTTON) && (button <= MAX_BUTTON) ) {
						set_fake_mode(fm_button);
						argv++, argc--;
					} else {
						fprintf(stderr, "%s: -b requires a mouse button argument, %d-%d\n",
								self, MIN_BUTTON, MAX_BUTTON);
						exit(1);
					}
					break;
				case 'i':
					if(nextarg && set_interval(nextarg))
						argv++, argc--;
					else
						die("-i requires a positive integer argument in milliseconds");
					break;
				case 'd':
					debug = 1;
					break;
				case 'c':
					if(nextarg) {
						set_fake_mode(fm_cmd);
						c_command = nextarg;
						argv++, argc--;
					} else {
						die("-c requires a command argument");
					}
					break;
				case 'x':
					set_fake_mode(fm_cmd);
					c_command = X_COMMAND;
					break;
				case 'f':
					monitor_joysticks = 0;
					break;
				case 'j':
					monitor_fullscreen = 0;
					break;
				default:
					die("unrecognized argument, try --help");
					break;
			}
		}
	}

	if(!monitor_joysticks && !monitor_fullscreen)
		die("nothing to monitor (can't use -f and -j together)");
}

/* make ourselves a daemon, double-fork technique.
   verbose comments are not here because I think you need them, they're
   here for me so I don't forget what this gibberish is for... */
void daemonize(void) {
	pid_t pid;

	if((pid = fork()) < 0) {
		/* in parent, fork failed */
		fprintf(stderr, "%s: %s\n", self, strerror(errno));
		die("failed to daemonize");
	} else if(pid) {
		/* in parent, fork succeeded */
		exit(0);
	}

	/* now we're in the child, aka the 2nd generation parent.
      the only reason for the first fork() was because setsid() can't
	   be run in the parent process */
	if( (setsid() < 0) ) {
		fprintf(stderr, "%s: %s\n", self, strerror(errno));
		die("failed to daemonize");
	}

	/* go on, do it again */
	if((pid = fork()) < 0) {
		/* in 2nd gen parent, fork failed */
		fprintf(stderr, "%s: %s\n", self, strerror(errno));
		die("failed to daemonize");
	} else if(pid) {
		/* in 2nd gen parent, fork succeeded */
		fprintf(stderr, "%s: daemonized, PID %u\n", self, pid);
		exit(0);
	}

	/* now we're in the grandchild, and we no longer need stdin/out/err */
	close(0);
	close(1);
	close(2);

	/* do this so we don't keep a filesystem from being umounted because
		it's still busy (as our cwd) */
	chdir("/");
}

/* helpers for init_* functions */
void connect_to_x(void) {
	int ignoreme;

	if(debug) fprintf(stderr, "connecting to X server...\n");

	xdisp = XOpenDisplay(getenv("DISPLAY"));

	if(!xdisp) die("can't connect to X server");
	if(debug) fprintf(stderr, "connected to X server\n");

	if(XTestQueryExtension(xdisp, &ignoreme, &ignoreme, &ignoreme, &ignoreme)) {
		if(debug) fprintf(stderr, "X server supports XTest extension, good\n");
	} else {
		die("X server doesn't support XTest extension\n");
	}
}

/* XKeycodeToKeysym() is deprecated, hence the pragma fugliness.
   Deprecated or not, the xmodmap command still uses it, and it
   still works. However, XKB is the new hotness, we'll use that if
   it's available. */
KeySym keycode_is_mapped(XkbDescPtr xkbd, int i) {
	if(xkbd) {
		return XkbKeyNumGroups(xkbd, i) > 0;
	} else {
		/* if xkbd is NULL, the caller failed to init XKB. */
#pragma GCC diagnostic push
#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wdeprecated-declarations"
		return XKeycodeToKeysym(xdisp, i, 0) != NoSymbol;
#pragma GCC diagnostic pop
	}
}

/* The goggles, they do nothing!
   Find an unused keycode in the keymap. From the shell, this would
   be something like: xmodmap -pke|grep '= *$'|head -1 */
void find_keycode() {
	int i, ignoreme, min_code = 0, max_code = 0;
	int major = XkbMajorVersion, minor = XkbMinorVersion;
	XkbDescPtr xkbd = NULL;

	/* not sure any X server still running on planet Earth will lack
	   the XKB extension, but in case I'm wrong... */
	if(XkbQueryExtension(
				xdisp,
				&ignoreme,
				&ignoreme,
				&ignoreme,
				&major,
				&minor))
	{
		xkbd = XkbGetMap(xdisp, XkbAllClientInfoMask, XkbUseCoreKbd);
		fprintf(stderr, "using XKB extension major %d, minor %d\n", major, minor);
	} else {
		fprintf(stderr, "XKB extension not supported, fall back to XKeycodeToKeysym\n");
	}

	/* man page doesn't document the return value */
	(void)XDisplayKeycodes(xdisp, &min_code, &max_code);

	if(debug) fprintf(stderr, "XDisplayKeycodes min %d, max %d\n", min_code, max_code);

	for(i = min_code; i <= max_code; i++) {
		if(!keycode_is_mapped(xkbd, i)) {
			keycode = i;
			if(debug) fprintf(stderr, "using keycode %d\n", keycode);
			break;
		}
	}

	if(xkbd)
		XkbFreeKeyboard(xkbd, XkbAllClientInfoMask, 1);

	if(keycode < 0) {
		fprintf(stderr,
				"%s: can't find a free keycode in the keymap, using %d\n",
				self, FALLBACK_KEYCODE);
		keycode = FALLBACK_KEYCODE;
	}
}

/* the device name check is mostly to guard against typos */
void check_joyname(int i) {
	if(joynames[i] && (strncmp(event_dir, joynames[i], strlen(event_dir)) != 0)) {
		fprintf(stderr, "%s: device %s is not in event dir %s\n",
				self, joynames[i], event_dir);
		exit(1);
	}
}

/* init_* functions. these are only called once each, from main() */
void init_joysticks(void) {
	int i;

	for(i = 0; i < MAX_STICKS; i++) {
		joyfds[i] = -1;
		check_joyname(i);
	}

	open_joysticks();
}

void init_inotify(void) {
	inotify_fd = inotify_init1(IN_NONBLOCK);
	if(inotify_fd < 0) {
		fprintf(stderr, "%s: inotify_init1() failed: %s",
				self, strerror(errno));
		exit(1);
	}

	if(debug) fprintf(stderr, "inotify_init1() returned %d\n", inotify_fd);

	watch_fd = inotify_add_watch(
			inotify_fd,
			event_dir,
			IN_CREATE | IN_DELETE | IN_DELETE_SELF);

	if(watch_fd < 0) {
		fprintf(stderr, "%s: inotify_add_watch(\"%s\") failed: %s\n",
				self, event_dir, strerror(errno));
		exit(1);
	}

	if(debug) fprintf(stderr, "inotify_add_watch() on %s returned %d\n", event_dir, inotify_fd);
}

void init_x(void) {
	connect_to_x();

	if(fake_mode == fm_auto_keycode) {
		find_keycode();
		fake_mode = fm_keycode;
	}

	/* do this now, before daemonizing. if something's wrong, Xlib
	   will kill us. we'd better let that happen while we still have a
	   stderr, so the user can see what happened. */
	send_fake_x_event();
}

void print_banner() {
	const char *m;

	if(monitor_joysticks && monitor_fullscreen) {
		m = "joysticks and fullscreen";
	} else if(monitor_joysticks) {
		m = "joysticks only";
	} else if(monitor_fullscreen) {
		m = "fullscreen only";
	} else {
		die("nothing to monitor!");
	}

	fprintf(stderr, "%s: v%s monitoring %s, interval %dms\n",
			self, VERSION, m, interval);
}

void read_env_vars(void) {
	char *tmp;

	if( (tmp = getenv("UNSAVER_JS_DIR")) )
		event_dir = tmp;

	if( (tmp = getenv("UNSAVER_JS_NODE")) )
		js_node_name = tmp;

}

int main(int argc, char **argv) {
	set_exe_name(argv[0]);

	read_env_vars();

	parse_args(argc, argv);

	print_banner();

	if(monitor_joysticks) {
		if(autodiscover) populate_joynames();
		init_joysticks();
		init_inotify();
	}

	init_x();

	if(!debug) daemonize();

	main_loop();

	return 0;
}